tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73842064508280596362024-03-16T11:43:21.450-07:00Pueblos del Matarraña, Matarranya, Teruel, Aragón, España Arens de Lledó, Beceite, Calaceite, Cretas, Fórnoles, Fuentespalda, La Fresneda, La Portellada, Lledó, Mazaleón, Monroyo, Peñarroya de Tastavins, Ráfales, Torre de Arcas, Torre del Compte, Valdeltormo, Valderrobres, ValjunqueraRamón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comBlogger93125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-27082123700377910352024-03-11T08:26:00.000-07:002024-03-11T08:26:55.219-07:00Si això és un home - Lacomarca - Viles i gents<p> <span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">(Estic ficán algún </span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/12/enllassos-enllas.html" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;" target="_blank">enllás</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/09/aixo-es-un-llas-groc-lo-que-feu-vatros-son-nugos.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #2288bb; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><img alt="llas, coll, catalanistes, catalanistas, lazo, lacito, amarillo, groc" border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="508" height="400" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vuPanw0E4gifoqzhs9DVp7---yR1m8eRoK0RcyS2desLAK2YqxFwY8s4ObjMYVTJBKroxwj-aRufFp1l_sYfY9mrMMKciaGcnJQLCFOp-uVIgSeG1NW1O45oreSOZ_iAaD3-2KET1nK72o-VQHdxz6K8KhyPPOKOcdgKk8PHlo5Cx2DdNUHG3EFC/w323-h400/llas-groc.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" title="llas, coll, catalanistes, catalanistas, lazo, lacito, amarillo, groc" width="323" /></a><br /><br />Si això és un home.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De l'infern patit a <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/22/que-vol-hitler-que-quiere-hitler/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Auschwitz</a> Primo Levi va escriure un testimoni esfereïdor que, alhora, constituís una dolorida reflexió sobre la condició humana titulat <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/natxo-sorolla-ignacio-sorolla.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Se questo è un uomo</a> (1947)</span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/22/que-vol-hitler-que-quiere-hitler/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="¿Què vol Hitler? ¿Qué quiere Hitler?" class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="130" loading="lazy" sizes="min(640px, 100vw)" src="https://i0.wp.com/1.bp.blogspot.com/-hrKljjxOALc/XhmVdaKqqjI/AAAAAAAAbT4/ziqbvQyY3bAroz4krOkMxn3vdceetR1DQCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/barcelona-nazis-partido-partit.jpg?resize=640%2C130&ssl=1" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="¿Què vol Hitler? ¿Qué quiere Hitler?" width="640" /></span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/opinion/si-aixo-es-un-home/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.lacomarca.net/opinion/si-aixo-es-un-home/</a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/primo-levi" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZG9CyBxjNRe2YZKF3OKx-_6JV50sjLebPSGPBniKBpolfgp2Yy8BTO3jkmdtBwOsd616GcD9xlMpNXucIUZSkZ9NnOcoEO_mtnOlIPCHOiEZzaSVnT4ipF9TBciioBQXmv6xfXGm-Dvx_h8a8KWSni4iQmy4ksQYGFSP1uML6xxWoI9YhLWYQTUg_8Ps/s320/primo-levi.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/author/viles-i-gents/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.lacomarca.net/author/viles-i-gents/</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(<a href="https://monchoorg.wordpress.com/2021/03/24/estire-la-garra-lo-folclorista-carregalo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Descansa en pas, José Antonio</a>. Cuan mos veigam allá dal ya te demanaré perdó en persona. Pero no crec que puja, segons diuen estos y estes <a href="https://lo-decameron.blogspot.com/2018/12/tersera-jornada-novela-dessima.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">soc un dimoni</a> y <a href="https://lo-decameron.blogspot.com/2019/05/jornada-cuarta-novela-sexta.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hay de aná al infern</a>, al raconet de la <a href="https://twitter.com/fedelasjons?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Falange</a>.<br />Viva España y la <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2021/09/01/pedro-de-portugal-nombrado-rey-de-aragon-conde-de-barcelona-por-los-traidores-catalanes/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">republiqueta de Cataluña</a>)</span></p><p><a href="https://monchoorg.wordpress.com/2021/03/24/estire-la-garra-lo-folclorista-carregalo/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #f2f0ea; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-thickness: 0.5px; text-underline-offset: 0.05em;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: black;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="Estire la garra lo folclorista Carrégalo, a Valls" border="0" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BKl-xd3i5uw/YFu0vWBanUI/AAAAAAAAdNk/xSkoXTiJDMUZvGKhKVriAeqDGNW3FQa5ACNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/carregalo.jpeg" title="Estire la garra lo folclorista Carrégalo, a Valls" width="400" /></span></span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/opiniones/independiente/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.lacomarca.net/opiniones/independiente/</a></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/author/viles-i-gents/" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="Lacomarca - Viles i gents" border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhIHN45kEffRiQtIwX1fO_stCQfESVsOZkLWEaPfFMFy3iDhWQI4-yehNKTACb4ndZO47-kfJKfirvxbNSfASDtjj-TuNO3X1TqamvuF799JCNWvHuHdJYjm1JqsnzU90_KtWzQvWEpiYPKg8sRUTbAjm316NLQOkqIkRCIE9S2TMVp51mOR5rpym2j80/s16000/viles-i-gents-1.png" title="Lacomarca - Viles i gents" /></span></a></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De <a href="https://lo-decameron.blogspot.com/2018/12/tersera-jornada-novela-dessima.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">l’infern</a> patit a Auschwitz Primo Levi va escriure un testimoni esfereïdor que, alhora, constituís una dolorida reflexió sobre la condició humana titulat Se questo è un uomo (1947). Quan los presoners queden reduïts a la supervivència animal, desapareixen los valors de la solidaritat i la empatia inherents a la humanitat, i l’home dixa de ser-ho també entre els altres condemnats a l’extermini: «Qualsevol que hagi esperat que el seu veí acabi de morir per emportar-se un quart de pa, també és, sense culpa seva, més lluny del model de l’home pensant que <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/04/mario-sasot.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el pigmeu</a> més cru i <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/Carles-sancho-Meix-parlar-antic.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el sàdic més atroç</a>», diu l’escriptor italià. Lo 20 de març mos va dixar un home bo, <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/?s=Carr%C3%A9galo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Josep Anton Carrégalo</a>, fill de <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/monroyo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mont-roig</a>, de qui mos queda a la memòria la seua personalitat amable amb tots, lliure de <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/08/lo-reguer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">prejudicis ideològics</a>, i la <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/search?q=seva" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">seua</a> excepcional <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/search?q=Raynouard" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tasca d’investigador</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2021/12/11/adios-cordera/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">creador literari</a> i activista cultural. Per amor al seu poble natal va impulsar l’associació <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/monroyo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sucarrats</a> i va estudiar el seu folklore amb treballs molt reconeguts pels <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2020/09/04/och-occitan-hoc-oc-oc-languedoc/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">especialistes</a>. <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/04/mario-sasot.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Temps de Franja</a>, revista amb la qual va col·laborar, li va dedicar una sentida necrològica i s’hi ha reeditat l’entrevista que el 2009 li va fer <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/artur-quintana-arturo-quintana.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Artur Quintana</a>. Pocs dies desprès, lo blog pretesament cultural del «Chapurriau» va publicar una altra necrològica on s’alternaven la llista de mèrits del <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/monroyo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mont-rogí</a> i <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">expressions difamatòries</a> amb voluntat de ferir: «Estire la garra lo folclorista Carrégalo», és l’eloqüent títol, sota el qual se fa <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/search?q=Wimara" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">etimologia de mal gust amb lo seu cognom</a> i es menysprea a d’altres estudiosos, en la línia d’alguns articles del blog. <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/08/continua-catalogo-obispos-urgel-fines-siglo-ix-9-hasta-principios-xi-11.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sortosament</a>, les <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/natxo-sorolla-ignacio-sorolla.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">xarxes socials</a> s’han convertit en tribunes personals que poden difondre qualsevol idea sense filtres, però també permeten que opinions malaltisses o comentaris vulgars, denigrants o d’odi que abans se quedaven a la barra del bar ara es llànçon desacomplexats a l’esfera pública. I poden arribar a <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/03/fes-lo-que-yo-diga-pero-no-faigues-lo-que-yo-faiga.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">casos d’abjecció tan deshumanitzada</a> com este, que tracta d’emportar-se <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/?s=Carr%C3%A9galo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el bon nom del veí que acaba de morir</a>.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/08/continua-catalogo-obispos-urgel-fines-siglo-ix-9-hasta-principios-xi-11.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sólo un ejemplo de Wimara</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Col·lectius <a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0115988/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lo cresol</a> i <a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/author/viles-i-gents/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Viles i gents</a>, <a href="https://m.facebook.com/p/Asociaci%C3%B3n-Cultural-Sucarrats-100064367395192/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Associació Cultural Sucarrats</a> i <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/07/associacio-catalanista-matarranya-ascuma-calaceite-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Associació Cultural del Matarranya</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br />Comentaris (ña mol <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/el-catalan-un-chapurriau-soberbio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">roch y roija</a> per aquí baix):</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Antonio German Torres:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuanto mas odio e insultos se lanzan los dos bandos que habitan nuestros pueblos, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/03/luis-rajadell.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los catalanistas</a> y los no catalanistas, </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">más fácil resulta explicar porqué el Matarraña no levanta cabeza, y porqué el <a href="https://www.aragon.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gobierno de Aragón</a> tendrá pocas razones para promocionar estas comunidades en las que la </span><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/05/esfendemos-as-luengas-amigos-del-loco-manuelico-rio-hijado/" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;" target="_blank">defensa de lo aragonés luce por su ausencia</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">. Algunos pocos actos invitan a pensar que no está todo perdido. Citare por ejemplo la «</span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMf18bDjXJM" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;" target="_blank">Rompida de la Hora</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">» en </span><a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;" target="_blank">Valderrobres</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">, cuyos tambores enorgullecen a los aragoneses, o los <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/09/26/se-que-ta-mare-no-vol-jota/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">festivales de jota</a> en algunos pueblos como en </span><a href="https://aguelosebeta.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;" target="_blank">Valjunquera</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">,</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2017/06/15/los-collons-de-mon-yayo-los-van-pesa-en-romanes-y-sense-conta-la-llana-pesaen-mes-quel-cap-de-pelayo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2017/06/15/los-collons-de-mon-yayo-los-van-pesa-en-romanes-y-sense-conta-la-llana-pesaen-mes-quel-cap-de-pelayo/</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En estos pueblos <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/albert-sanchez-pinol-antropoleg-escriptor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los catalanistas siempre estarán en el lado equivocado</a>, porque no son capaces de apelar a los sentimientos profundos de nuestra tierra. Poco tiene que ver todo el fondo del artículo con la obra de Primo Levi. Creo que más valdría <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/06/silvia-dilla-valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">recordar a Labordeta</a> y su grito «Esta Tierra es Aragón».</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/10Ot0suSUb0" width="320" youtube-src-id="10Ot0suSUb0"></iframe></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S. <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/03/libro-sexto.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barberán</a>:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/04/raza-catalana-vasca.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Un cop més es demostre</a> que, en l’escala evolutiva, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/09/maximo-fabregat-y-les-seues-neures.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un Neanderthal</a> estarie més <a href="https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/serveissocials/es/canal/projecte-amunt" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">amunt</a> que <b>algunos</b> <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/12/la-vie-de-sainte-enimie-enimia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">homes</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/04/raza-catalana-vasca.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Albert Moliner , Giners, los orígenes de la raza catalana, como la vasca, son anteriores al peninsular ibérico. Hay numerosos estudios que así lo atestiguan." border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="300" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRRqOMRTNBZy_wB995DJmEojhbV9CQIrmBXoycu35fIePQLcWmAmWOdu_bY96valKaOGk29X8N20KdnXb9T-LmAD7ybxTCU2PezFkrfjewMTLjpy2CT2dRrNY1QsorIAS0qInE4MktfT0/s400/FB_IMG_1522782322344.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; color: #222222; font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; padding: 5px;" title="Albert Moliner , Giners, los orígenes de la raza catalana, como la vasca, son anteriores al peninsular ibérico. Hay numerosos estudios que así lo atestiguan." width="400" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Señor Germán, una vez que ha dejado clara su situación en el juego, <a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com/2013/12/shakira-y-pique-recogiendo-setas-en.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">no lance balones fuera</a>, por favor. Y sepa que somos muchísimos los que no estamos ni en un bando ni en otro porque huimos de <a href="https://militariabcn.com/categoria-producto/banderas-y-banderines-260/banderas-263/espana-4-266/guerra-civil-espanola-1936-1939-1628/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">banderías</a>. Únicamente reclamamos <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/03/fes-lo-que-yo-diga-pero-no-faigues-lo-que-yo-faiga.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un poco de sentido común</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=bolet" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #336699; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 14.85px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="Shakira y Piqué cogiendo setas en Beceite" border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TnhGTm37U_M/Ur_sz9ifu6I/AAAAAAAAEh4/pIK_8NogsLU/s16000/buscando+bolets.jpg" style="border: none; position: relative;" title="Shakira y Piqué cogiendo setas en Beceite" /></span></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2021/11/14/lo-llibre-dels-poetas-segle-xv-part-2/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bea</a> I. 9 Abr 2021 12:29</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Se puede opinar pero <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/02/14-de-junio-resposta-de-hoc-o-de-no.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">siempre con respeto y rigor</a> En el caso del que es referente y <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/09/30/el-espanol-moncho-superaragones-promueve-chapurriau-frente-catalan-desde-alemania/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">gurú del chapurreau, Moncho</a>, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el respeto brilla por su ausencia</a>. El <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/geoffroi-rudel-jaufres-rudels-de-blaia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">rigor histórico y filológico</a> también.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaufr%C3%A9_Rudel#/media/Archivo:Jaufre_rudel.jpg" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #2288bb; font-size: medium; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><img alt="Geoffroi Rudel, Jaufrés Rudèls de Blaia, Jaufré Rudel de Blaye," border="0" data-original-height="1051" data-original-width="718" height="640" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpmAc5IlncfT74dO0Co5K3Z1tXmgcoIAr1j1ZOr9ojj_sDO0KmzCNF3R2zrofk9mTaAWsBRqYAnacijaADTqEX85iRcJDdqk5pCYOJfSx1zJg8u80ANNc_qv88j3RM28J1-Zi61NG7ml7QxjVslcVcEjSFQLqMVYLMUR-KmO1ullGu0gwyz7YaHBx2xaM/w438-h640/Jaufre_rudel.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" title="Geoffroi Rudel, Jaufrés Rudèls de Blaia, Jaufré Rudel de Blaye," width="438" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belen 9 Abr 2021 12:36</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">He encontrado esto por internet. Se ve una captura de facebook donde la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/temps-franja-2010-ou-de-serp-codonera.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">alcaldesa de la Codoñera</a> pide ayuda a este chaval que insulta y falta al respeto a <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">personas del Matarraña</a>. <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hay que mirar con quien se junta uno</a>! (Yo no la he visto nunca en persona, ni tampoco al <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">grillat de Manel Riu Fillat</a>, @<a href="https://twitter.com/mireiagalindo?lang=es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mireiagalindo en Twitter</a>, que es el que escribe en la web que aportas. Hay <a href="https://twitter.com/gali_mireia?lang=es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">otra Mireia Galindo en Twitter</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/natxo-sorolla-ignacio-sorolla.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sociolingüista</a> i <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/12/lo-burro-mort/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">professora de català</a>. <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/04/maria-del-carmen-junyent-figueras-anc-menos-brossa/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Doctora en Filologia</a>. De la Baixa Segarra)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://locacaodelafacao.wordpress.com/2020/02/17/el-mundo-del-chapurriau-asesorado-por-el-creador-de-las-listas-negras-del-chapurriau/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://locacaodelafacao.wordpress.com/2020/02/17/el-mundo-del-chapurriau-asesorado-por-el-creador-de-las-listas-negras-del-chapurriau/</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/05/esfendemos-as-luengas-amigos-del-loco-manuelico-rio-hijado/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: lightseagreen; outline: 0px; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img alt="Esfendemos as luengas, amigos del loco Manuelico Río Hijado" class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="400" loading="lazy" sizes="min(400px, 100vw)" src="https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJRVVHK_nLENHA2wk5qr49KVqT7lPpv6oTXyEK4jrsEwVGMQ1Nvn4qBNv79kFbU1CjaosSvqt7vXzka1zkgANiahtx1TDhCosa1wMKvPAOZqqMQRC4W_9Casi-rvAiIPzH0O3k5-nJRewxMaQE7vv8P4xFUvsU5klZXwjPvgofTJkTKQFN-02OT6Wgi9I/w400-h400/manel-riu-fillat-maestro-odio.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0.97; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Esfendemos as luengas, amigos del loco Manuelico Río Hijado" width="400" /></a><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2017/07/01/lista-negra/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2017/07/01/lista-negra/</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/04/maria-del-carmen-junyent-figueras-anc-menos-brossa/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: lightseagreen; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img alt="María del Carmen Junyent Figueras. ANC. Menos brossa." class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="640" loading="lazy" sizes="min(453px, 100vw)" src="https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPH_2Tfqo68WM3idCGyeJtUxnlB09YaWCaB2V8g5VkHYONx5nKXMIjElDXbjRssLtQAiQOE3c_oaYo0SuN3Chfw3rnLPUW3DPrqzGeyt9PX4pqikWTXIdEckqNCN9krdeBzZXflnWDfA2pt455BmuRO0ssHnX2WQzIsERzwmwRy0hzuhV1YISoEcMQq1Y/w453-h640/carme-junyent-anc.jpg?resize=453%2C640&ssl=1" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0.97; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="María del Carmen Junyent Figueras. ANC. Menos brossa." width="453" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pablo 21 Abr 2021 12:14</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vergonzoso, no entiendo como <a href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/cataluna/2023-06-18/ripoll-alcaldia-alianca-catalana-ultraderecha_3667522/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">una alcaldesa puede colaborar con semejante personaje</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Antonio Germán Torres 9 Abr 2021 12:46</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Agradezco a todos sus comentarios. Me parece estupendo que cada quien defienda sus ideas sin que por ello merezca ninguna descalificación. Respecto al mío, quiero aclarar que yo no expreso lo que quiero, sino lo que veo. Por ello la afirmación de S. Barberán de que <a href="https://patrimoni.gencat.cat/es/coleccion/espacios-de-la-batalla-del-ebro" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">no esta ni en un bando ni en otro</a> me parece bien. Y yo tampoco estoy. No me he manifestado respecto a las lenguas, sino a los catalanistas y a <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/geoffroi-rudel-jaufres-rudels-de-blaia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los no catalanistas</a>, y tampoco pertenezco a ninguno de esos dos proyectos.<br />Mi único proyecto es la <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/11/13/pedro-saputo-en-chapurriau-tot-lo-texto/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">libertad de pensar, de hablar y escribir</a> y la de actuar en consecuencia.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/22/que-vol-hitler-que-quiere-hitler/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Pau, ordre, treball i disciplina. Aixó és el nacionalsocialisme. Partit Nacionalsocialista catalá." border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sb1vU4Lngz4/XhmVdVchpqI/AAAAAAAAbT8/1t6t-KJDKvopJ6wKAv8z2dTcgacWdp3awCNcBGAsYHQ/w318-h640/nazis-catalunya-partit.jpg" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; display: inline-block; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 18px; height: auto; max-width: 100%; text-align: center;" title="Pau, ordre, treball i disciplina. Aixó és el nacionalsocialisme. Partit Nacionalsocialista catalá." width="318" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span>Me parece muy bien que S. <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/03/francisco-celma-tafalla.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Celma</a> crea que <a href="https://matarranyaturismo.es/historia/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el Matarraña va como un tiro</a>. Yo no lo veo igual. En cuanto a que la expresión «<a href="https://es.quora.com/De-d%C3%B3nde-viene-la-expresi%C3%B3n-estirar-la-pata" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">estirar la pata</a>» sea merecedora de acciones legales por calumnias y vejación», o que sea un «insulto a la muerte» <a href="https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_judicial_systems_in_member_states-16-de-es.do?member=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vayan ustedes al juzgado y presenten la denuncia</a>.<br /><br />(A <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Luisico el malas compañías</a> le ha gustado eso de: </span><a href="https://matarranyaturismo.es/historia/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el Matarraña va como un tiro</a>. Qué chiste más bueno !)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Lluís Companys, un genocida como referente moral y político del independentismo catalán." border="0" data-original-height="354" data-original-width="221" height="640" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRMzrqv2e-vuWKf6wu759taiFEDn_GlH9mLY4ZG0s0zKnXnc7_fUNNeaG3WK5Qiq1DmLYRSoHZewcuMzt2gymOWdTQbp8o_ZsDwqW7_PhXa80W8ZbFXJKotmqgwNzPEaatJUwE-2GDi88/w395-h640/Lluis_Companys.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; color: #222222; padding: 5px;" title="Lluís Companys, un genocida como referente moral y político del independentismo catalán." width="395" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A mi me parece de <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/13/fracaso-de-la-inmersion-linguistica-en-cataluna/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mala educación</a>, pero no peor que las muchas cosas que se oyen cada día y que se defienden como <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">derecho a la libertad de expresión</a>. Lo lamento, pero esta es la realidad con la que nos ha tocado vivir.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/10/13/fracaso-de-la-inmersion-linguistica-en-cataluna/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: lightseagreen; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; outline: 0px; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img alt="Fracaso de la inmersión lingüística en Cataluña." class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="602" loading="lazy" sizes="min(640px, 100vw)" src="https://i0.wp.com/blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY45LjR-fGAjOyTZzFikmvTBakiz_STPsk_VnI4hp4DvBjAyYGDb1OOjwwE3lxu9W_cOxgFuYpEKFBw0o5tjVHOVXI5C8igYpAKeKNBrPOvGpDlyx0syNpQTfK43zQMH93rD_psBnInopjydF3sJ5BBF8kJNpmGTqrI2X8GxKDC5_P2OICTWTY84kLphk/w640-h602/serment-louis-le-germanique-842.jpg?resize=640%2C602&ssl=1" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0.97; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Fracaso de la inmersión lingüística en Cataluña." width="640" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J.R Rodriguez Foz 9 Abr 2021 13:36</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A mi me parece de muy mal gusto las faltas de respeto vengan de donde vengan. Una cosa es la libertad de expresión (si va acompañada de <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-tome-second-1836.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">argumentos y pruebas</a> mejor) y otra el faltar al respeto. Más aún si es a <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/12/fuster-jordi-pujol.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">una persona fallecida</a> cuyos <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/01/11/botiga-ascuma/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">trabajos y libros sobre la cultura del Matarraña y de Monroyo</a> son intachables y respetuosos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Javier Q. 9 Abr 2021 12:58</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pues yo lo comprendo. Estas personas que llevan lo del chapurreau <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/antonio-ubieto-arteta.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">contradicen a UNIZAR</a> y lógicamente carecen del apoyo de los catedráticos en filología e historia de la misma. No tienen otra que buscar apoyo en aquellas personas que les den la razón aunque dejen mucho que desear y tengan una falta de humanidad y empatía que ralle la psicopatía. Como se le ocurre a Ramón Guimerá escribir sobre una persona fallecida? <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2017/12/24/carlos-rallo-badet-calaseit-dissenado-de-coches/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">No está bien de la cabeza</a>?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J.R Rodriguez Foz 9 Abr 2021 13:06</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hacer un escrito de mofa sobre una persona recién fallecida es deneznable (<a href="https://dle.rae.es/deleznable#:~:text=adj.,Despreciable%20o%20censurable.&text=despreciable%2C%20detestable%2C%20indigno%2C%20ruin%2C%20vil." rel="nofollow" target="_blank">deleznable</a>, idiota, la n está un poco apartada de la l, <a href="https://monchoorg.wordpress.com/2017/12/24/carlos-rallo-badet-calaseit-dissenado-de-coches-pininfarinetes/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">como tu neurona derecha de la izquierda</a>). Por desgracia no me sorprende.<br />Los referentes de la <a href="https://amicsdelchapurriau.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">asociación de los amigos del chapurriau</a> tienen un <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">currículum preocupante</a>. En este caso ha sido «<a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2021/01/07/lo-cami-traduit-per-moncho/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Moncho</a>», su <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/11/18/lexique-roman-ou-dictionnaire-de-la-langue-des-troubadours-raynouard-tome-premier/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">filólogo de referencia</a> que es taxista en Alemania (siempre copian de otros que no saben. Fui taxista un tiempo hasta el 2018, y va muy bien para aprender un idioma como el que hablaban <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/?s=Meyer-L%C3%BCbcke" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Meyer-Lübcke</a> y <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2020/09/04/och-occitan-hoc-oc-oc-languedoc/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Friedrich Diez o Díez</a>. Soy <a href="http://fyl.unizar.es/grado/grado-en-estudios-ingleses" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">licenciado en filología inglesa por la Unizar de Zaragoza</a> desde el 2002).<br />No hace mucho fue Javier Moya plagiando y manipulando parte de cuatro estudios diferentes para escribir un artículo en la sección de «<a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/opinion/la-scripta-aragonesa/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el mon del chapurreau</a>».</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es lo que tienen cuando vas en contra de <a href="https://romancearagones.blogspot.com/2013/01/doc-14-adj-1-de-2-xvi-congreso-de-l-y-f.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">todo el mundo académico</a>, que <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/12/javier-giralt-latorre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tienes que inventarte cosas</a> para tener a tu gente contenta.<br /><br /><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-tome-second-1836.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-tome-second-1836.html</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramón del <a href="https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/horta-guinardo/es/el-distrito-y-sus-barrios/el-guinardo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guinardó</a> 9 Abr 2021 13:11</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amics Aragonesos : Ras i curt, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/geoffroi-rudel-jaufres-rudels-de-blaia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">parleu am Catalá</a> , am la vostra manera de parlar el Catalá, encara que no ho acepteu, es mes no m’extranya que no ho acepteu ( no tots eh ? ) am persones que voten en contra de fer les coses bilingues, ja esta tot dit, aixó si aquestes mateixes persones o persona demanen ajuda a «linguistes» de tres al cuarto.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marta Monreal Moles 9 Abr 2021 13:38</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Yò soc de Queretes i parlo català de Queretes. Soc una aragonesa catalanoparlant i ben orgullosa. Yò no xapurrejo res.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramón del Guinardó 9 Abr 2021 14:39</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totalment d’acord am tú !!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marta Monreal9 Abr 2021 16:32</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hola Marta!! Que coincidencia!! Te apellidas Monreal como yo y somos del mismo pueblo!! No tengo el placer de conocerte!! A ver si nos conocemos!!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Laura Vidal9 Abr 2021 14:06</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Una persona com Montxo que fa mofa de una persona que ha mort recientment no es un home ni es res.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Davant de les amenaces e insults dels chapurriaus lo millor que podem fer los del català d’Aragó es seguir mantenint la educació, los arguments i lo nostre treball que fa més de 40 anys que va i sempre en la linea de Unizar. Tot lo treball que han fet persones com José A. Carrégalo, Desideri Lombarte, Jesús Moncada… está i estará aquí per a que les properes generacions coneguen i mantinguen la nostra cultura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gombauet9 Abr 2021 16:32</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben cert; per això mateix caldria advertir Ferran Rañé de amb qui s’ ajunta…. No pot ser que segons quina genteta s’ aprofite de la bona fe d’ alguns per a adquiri respectabilitat quan en realitat no van més enllà del terraplanisme i el cunyadisme carpetovetònic més caspós…</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Paqui Ferreres9 Abr 2021 14:17</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Yo soy de Calaceite y por desgracia por culpa de personas como estas del chapurriau no me enseñaron a escribir en mi propia lengua materna. Estos del chapurriau son los mismos que siempre lo han querido todo en castellano y nada bilingüe pero ahora disfrazados de «amigos». ¿Y si tan amigos dicen ser como es que votan en contra de los pregones bilingües? ¿Y si tan amigos son de nuestra lengua como es que solo hace 3 años que empezaron? Los del catalán llevan cuarenta y pico de años editando material sobre nuestra lengua y costumbres de mucha calidad. No digo que sean todas las obras perfectas pero la mayoría son de un rigor científico intachable.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mont-roig9 Abr 2021 14:31</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Me parece penoso y de una falta de ética total que el mayor exponente de la asociación amics del chapurriau(Ramón Guimerá o «Moncho») haya escrito en su blog de chapurriau.blogspot un artículo mofándose sobre mi amigo recién fallecido José Antonio Carrégalo Sancho que ha hecho tanto por la cultura del Matarraña durante tantas décadas. Lo peor es que no es la primera vez que este personaje,(Moncho) al que los chapurristas siguen fielmente, hace algo similar. De hecho son decenas de personas del Matarraña a las que ha insultado públicamente. Sin olvidar la famosa lista negraque hizo con las personas que no se ajustan a lo que el piensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Acabo de descubrir gracias a los comentarios que la alcaldesa de la Codoñera, María José Gascón, tiene a este tipo como consejero en temas lingüisticos y no a la Universidad de Zaragoza. Esto es surrealista.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">https://locacaodelafacao.wordpress.com/2020/02/17/el-mundo-del-chapurriau-asesorado-por-el-creador-de-las-listas-negras-del-chapurriau/</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo negret9 Abr 2021 16:24</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sa de tindre pocs escrúpuls per a fer lo que ha fet moncho. ¿No sen donen vergonya los del chapurriau de segui la corren a este personaje?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Montse Arrufat9 Abr 2021 17:20</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Suma y sigue. A mi no me viene de nuevas. Este tal Moncho ya estuvo insultando a mi marido por el facebook hará como 5 años y lo hace con mucha gente que no piensa como él. Este es el ideólogo y creador de la ortografía sin sentido de los del chapurriau que alimentan sus locuras. Que se lo confiten.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marta9 Abr 2021 17:30</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Soc de casa «la molinera». Vixco a Alcanyís en lo meu home que es de aquí. Me pareix que ya se qui eres pero crec que te doblo la edad</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marta Monreal9 Abr 2021 18:34</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pues no caigo en el nombre de la «Casa Molinera»… Debe de hacer muchos años que no vienes no? Es que Monreal en Cretas sólo hay 3 ramas familiares y una viene de Calaceite.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Antonio Germán Torres9 Abr 2021 18:08</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Como lector habitual de La Comarca, puedo afirmar sin equivocarme que pocos temas levantan tanta pasión y reciben tantos comentarios como los que resultan de las columnas de opinión en las que se mezcla o se enfrenta el Chapurriau (y no precisamente como un hecho cultural) con el Catalán (ya sea éste el de la Terra Alta, el de Tortosa o el Valenciano). Es precisamente esta realidad de innumerables criticas a los que piensan en un sentido o en el contrario, lo que pone de manifiesto que una cosa es la ciencia de las lenguas, y otra muy distinta lo que los observadores percibimos como posiciones mas favorables a lo catalán o a lo aragonés. Y aun es todavía más manifiesto que es lo que conviene a La Comarca. La inteligencia de su marketing consiste precisamente en dar voz a los que se enfrentan, porque no nos engañemos, se venden más números. Posición lógica de una empresa que se llama Información Catalana Aragonesa. Yo que mi primer catalán lo aprendí de las canciones de mi admirado Joan Manuel Serrat, cuya madre al igual que mi padre se conocían porque eran de Belchite, no dejo de pensar que opinará Serrat. Serrat ha sido un ejemplo de sabiduría a la hora de defender sus idiomas materno y paterno.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero quiero insistir que, en buena medida, el respeto a las lenguas es algo que ya sabían los Neardentales de S. Barberán. No era necesario esperar a nuestros actuales Homo Sapiens. Lo importante es el respeto. Y parece que catalanistas o no, lo pierden cuando tratan estos temas. Igual que muchos lo pierden cuando se acercan elecciones o cuando se juega un Barça-Madrid.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Yo, por darle un toque intelectualoide a mi opinión, semejante a la empleada por los colectivos de Vilas y Gentes mencionando a Primo Levi, recordaré la famosa obra de Pearl S. Buck «Viento del Este, viento del Oeste». Aferrarse a tradiciones ancestrales llevó a la protagonista a perder el amor de su marido. Supo que tenia que aceptar nuevas costumbres y usos para recuperar el amor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El futuro no pasará por el chapurriau o por el catalán. El mundo que viene hablará otras lenguas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mariví Salsench9 Abr 2021 20:41</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No se trata de las lenguas que se hablarán en el futuro. Se trata de que es la lengua que hablamos nosotros ahora. Nos gusta porque es nuestra lengua materna y ello no nos supone problema alguno para aprender otras lenguas. El «problema» no es tal a pesar de que algunas minorías de ambos bandos digan sandeces de tanto en tanto. El problema lo tienen quienes mezclan filología con política. Los demás estamos la mar de tranquilos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">solenchapurriau@gmail.com10 Abr 2021 09:26</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ACLARACIÓN</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A las alusiones escritas en varios de los comentarios de este post y como miembro de la A. Cultural Amics del Chapurriàu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Desde hace muchos años se está «invirtiendo» en Aragón para la promoción y realce del catalán (ahora con su apellido nuevo «catalán de Aragón’). Uno de los primeros en contrarrestar este sinsentido:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">‘Gastar el dinero de todos en algo que miles de aragoneses teníamos MUY claro’ fue</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramón, que (a su manera) lleva aguantando todo tipo de descalificativos más de 30 años.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ahora han aparecido otras asociaciones y gente que nos vemos en la obligación de DEFENDER nuestra lengua. Esto NO significa que sigamos las pautas de Ramón o que estemos de acuerdo con sus «formas’. Cada uno tiene su propio camino para defender LO Chapurriàu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hay muchos que estáis dando palos de ciego, sobre nuestra ‘nueva ortografía’ ‘nuestra asociación’ ‘El mundo del Chapurriàu’ ‘el blog, yoparlochapurriau’. Lo estáis metiendo todo en el mismo saco ( porque tod@s defendemos LO Chapurriàu) pero cada grupo o cada persona tienen sus propios métodos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Siempre hemos estado callados y ahora que simplemente defendemos nuestra lengua minoritaria aragonesa Lo Chapurriàu, tenemos que AGUANTAR insultos y descalificativos continuamente, día a día.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Por favor, el mismo respeto que pedís también deberíais ponerlo en práctica.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">#soydeAragónyparloChapurriàu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramón del Guinardó10 Abr 2021 10:49</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amics Aragonesos : Parleu am Catalá , am la vostra manera de parlar el Catalá, tot el demés es fujir d’estudi, i procureu que no us furtin la vostra parla, vijileu cap al Oest…..</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Antonio Germán Torres10 Abr 2021 16:15</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramon, me alegra encontrarle por aquí, entre otras cosas, porque usted entiende lo que lee. Pero quizás el oeste ahora ha cambiado de sitio, quizás esta en el Imperio del Centro.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Antonio</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramón del Guinardó10 Abr 2021 19:36</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sr Germán , mucho gusto de comentar con Ud, en lo que a mi concierne, creo que entiendo bien lo que se escribe o lo que se quiere expresar escribiendo, otra cosa es que los puntos cardinales estén en el mismo sitio de siempre, que lo están, lo que si es verdad es que el Centro impera, que no es lo mismo que el Imperio del Centro : Dicho esto…cuidado con los vecinos del Oeste, que poco a poco hos furtaran la vostra parla.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Saludos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gombauet10 Abr 2021 11:16</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com sempre en castelllà…. I evidentment que cada u té «su propio camino», ara, segons per quin camí més val no transitar-hi… Ja veiem quines «companyies» t’hi pots trobar.. .</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A. Celma10 Abr 2021 13:35</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Como zaragozano que ha vivido en Cataluña media vida laboral y que conoce muy bien el Matarraña (y por tanto sabe que la lengua es la misma), no entiendo por qué os empeñáis en decir que el «chapurriau» es una lengua, cuando no hay NI UNA universidad en todo el mundo que lo reconozca. Ni una publicación científica (supongo que ya sabéis el método de publicación en revistas prestigiosas). NADA.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Está muy bien que mantengáis la lengua, en esto coincidís con los que defienden el catalán de Aragón;, e incluso si queréis, en plan doméstico, usar el denominativo «chapurriau» por costumbre (aunque este denominativo fuera impuesto por los funcionarios que no entendían a vuestros bisabuelos cuando los destinaban a estos pueblos), pero de ahí a decir y gastar dinero público en defender que es una lengua diferente, hay un abismo. O intereses espurios, cosa que sería vergonzosa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enrique M. 10 Abr 2021 14:27</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Osea que no denuncia ni recrimina la mofa de Ramón Guimerá sobre <a href="https://monchoorg.wordpress.com/2021/03/24/estire-la-garra-lo-folclorista-carregalo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">la muerte de José Antonio Carrégalo</a> que tanto ha hecho por <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/06/19/la-lengua-catalana-en-el-bajo-aragon/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nuestra lengua</a> y sus variantes que <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">yo llamo Catalán</a> y usted Chapurriau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/11/25/chronique-des-albigeois/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2023/11/25/chronique-des-albigeois/</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramón Guimerá tiene 40 años, (casi 46) no puede hacer 30 años que aguanta «insultos» ni siquiera 30 años dedicándose a esto porque era un niño de 10 años. (Yo no aguanto nada, dejo a <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/tomas-bosque-la-codonera-teruel-arago.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los burros rebuznar</a>.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No os insultamos. Argumentamos con educación y pruebas y ustedes no saben rebatirnos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/pp-recupera-matarrana-mayoria-fernando-camps-suma-apoyo-par/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raúl Cardona Miralles</a> 10 Abr 2021 22:00</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esto del <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2021/01/07/los-sans-inossens/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chapurreao de cultural tiene poco</a> pues <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/07/associacio-catalanista-matarranya-ascuma-calaceite-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">de cultura no hacen nada</a>. Es <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/el-catalan-un-chapurriau-soberbio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">más parecido a un partido político que a nada relacionado con la cultura</a>. (Ha definido a la perfección a la <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/07/associacio-catalanista-matarranya-ascuma-calaceite-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ASCUMA</a>)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un escrito en el que no se atreven ni a criticar la mezquindad que ha tenido Ramón Guimerá <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">faltando al respeto a un difunto</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Raúl Cardona Miralles 10 Abr 2021 15:26</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esta asociación del chapurriau no es insultada <b>peri </b>sí acusada de <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">manipular la historia de nuestra lengua</a>. Dejen de manipular y dejarán de ser acusados<br /><br /><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marta Foz 10 Abr 2021 16:57</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En mi opinión hay gente en nuestros pueblos que dice que habla chapurreau porque cree que <a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2018/05/gramatica-occitana-segon-los-parlars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el catalán es lo que hablan la gente de Barcelona</a> cuando vienen a pasar el verano.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2020/09/04/och-occitan-hoc-oc-oc-languedoc/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #555555; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img alt="och, occitan, hoc, oc, òc, languedoc" class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="737" loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/1.bp.blogspot.com/-ISFZzEl5I6E/X1JV0cRXxKI/AAAAAAAAccs/q0tqck0cDcEn3qjm3O4272ip5NetkfHtQCNcBGAsYHQ/s16000/dialectes-occitans-catalan-compres-alibert-gramatica-occitana.jpg?resize=1108%2C737&ssl=1&crop=1" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="och, occitan, hoc, oc, òc, languedoc" width="1108" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Otros dicen que hablan <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/05/lo-tresaur-dau-felibritge.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">capurreau</a> porque al igual que en otros puntos de España son anticatalanes por razones políticas e incluso deportivas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Y otros dicen que hablan chapurreau porque creen que <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexiquer-roman-diable-diabol-diptamni.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">si dicen que hablan catalán</a> son menos aragoneses.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Otros como yo pensamos que hablamos catalán porque lo hablaban nuestros abuelos y porque si hablamos como <a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/2021/07/amazon-vita-christi-isabel-villena.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los de Morella</a> y como los de Horta es que hablamos <a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2020/08/hoc_15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">la misma lengua</a>. Además me gusta la nueva forma de llamarle <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-tome-second-1836.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">catalán de Aragón</a>, a lo mejor <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/geoffroi-rudel-jaufres-rudels-de-blaia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">si se le hubiera dicho así hace 50</a> <b>anos </b>habría gente que lo tenía más claro.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.es/Vita-Christi-Villena-llengua-valenciana/dp/B098WDBDWZ/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&keywords=vita+christi+ramon+guimera&qid=1625847693&sr=8-1" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #2288bb; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><img alt="Vita Christi de la Reuerent Abb´adl´atínta. (la t está damún de la radera a. pareix un muixó. (Abbadessa de la Trinitat)" border="0" data-original-height="836" data-original-width="561" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgat6dQSx6exHJBcmmtUZOixRBuGjbVGQUox5R-c1gf1qW0rzv2VYPxFKPssZ0v0r93fKNt3d3AvL94M3u4VuV1VA4DOfC5THjBCcW3BBUsaoeb5mX-CUBv_MHtB3KuBg-7lMk3dMx7yhHA/w430-h640/vita-christi-dibuix-1.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" title="Vita Christi de la Reuerent Abb´adl´atínta. (la t está damún de la radera a. pareix un muixó. (Abbadessa de la Trinitat)" width="430" /></a><br /><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Y para terminar no conocía al Sr. <a href="https://monchoorg.wordpress.com/2021/03/24/estire-la-garra-lo-folclorista-carregalo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carrégalo</a>, pero <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">siento la muerte de una persona</a> que ha trabajado para su pueblo, su comarca y <a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2020/08/hoc_15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">su lengua</a>.<br />Que descanse en paz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Y que <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/09/30/el-espanol-moncho-superaragones-promueve-chapurriau-frente-catalan-desde-alemania/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un Sr. desde Alemania</a> diga lo que ha dicho, poco ha <b>echo</b> para <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/09/30/el-espanol-moncho-superaragones-promueve-chapurriau-frente-catalan-desde-alemania/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">su comarca y su lengua</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/12/19/salvador-salazar-arrue-salarrue/" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: lightseagreen; outline: 0px; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><img alt="Salvador Salazar Arrué, SALARRUÉ" class="attachment-post-thumbnail wp-post-image" decoding="async" height="220" loading="lazy" sizes="min(640px, 100vw)" src="https://i0.wp.com/2.bp.blogspot.com/-65nolRvdgww/XBoypRnk3xI/AAAAAAAAXOQ/zrHk-ovR4iADPId0pdbPLI4c8QTfSIFRQCLcBGAs/w640-h220/chapurriau.jpg?resize=640%2C220&ssl=1" style="border-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; opacity: 0.97; transition: opacity 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;" title="Salvador Salazar Arrué, SALARRUÉ" width="640" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/40892325/V%C3%ADctimes_per_viol%C3%A8ncia_i_repressi%C3%B3_als_Ports_durant_la_Segona_Rep%C3%BAblica_i_la_Guerra_Civil_1931_1941_Jornades_per_a_la_recuperaci%C3%B3_de_la_mem%C3%B2ria_hist%C3%B2rica_de_Portell_2018_" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Juan José Cardona</a> 26 Abr 2021 09:31</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo del tal <a href="https://ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com/2018/06/portfolio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramón Guimerá Lorente</a> es de una <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">falta de humanidad</a> increíble. Ya le he visto insultar <a href="https://ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com/2018/06/portfolio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">en su web</a> a mucha gente del Matarraña pero hablar y <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mofarse de personas fallecidas</a> más aún cuando estas personas han trabajado de forma intachable por la <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2024/02/27/lexique-roman-falhir-faillir-falsar/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cultura del Matarraña </a>me parece vergonzoso. No comprendo como la alcaldesa de <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2024/02/17/lexique-roman-esperit-sospirar/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">la Codoñera</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/11/29/reciben-en-las-cortes-a-amics-del-chapurriau/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">María José Gascón Cases</a>, colabora con este personaje. Al parecer también es colaborador de la <a href="https://amicsdelchapurriau.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">asociación cultural amics del chapurriau</a>.<br />Es el que ha inventado para ellos una <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ortografía esperpéntica</a>. <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/el-catalan-un-chapurriau-soberbio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vergonzante</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/10/lluis-companys-un-genocida-como.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="vea como Companys firmaba sentencias de muerte contra mujeres y civiles" border="0" data-original-height="564" data-original-width="479" height="640" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5RMwxooB4FYokdrDIAOjl9fPFrErXhZprrUxuILETagCfPTC6Pf14ZR5RhX9wpGvSsEB-uYD1s8J6opm6EbzbF00F-S1ZTxQe3m0iylEMguYyo0Se5oKAM_6JNjAx7Fn6a8q5KgQRxP0/w542-h640/companys-lluis-generalitat-sentencia-mort.jpg" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; color: #222222; padding: 5px;" title="vea como Companys firmaba sentencias de muerte contra mujeres y civiles" width="542" /></a><br /><br /><a href="https://ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com/2018/06/portfolio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com/2018/06/portfolio.html</a><br /><br />//<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/02/14-de-junio-resposta-de-hoc-o-de-no.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/02/14-de-junio-resposta-de-hoc-o-de-no.html<br /><br /></a><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/02/14-de-junio-resposta-de-hoc-o-de-no.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white; color: #2288bb; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><img alt="Senyora Reyna final resposta de hoc o de no e ab aquella expedirnos de continent los dits consellers digueren hirien fer de tot aço a la dita Senyora Reyna relacio." border="0" data-original-height="702" data-original-width="1104" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtM8-elz5m6JKp3HbOFa6hEH6myM1XZqPlIut9CzXsWVA_bqKFCbmRZ2CkNdnvFOUL6bsOVohstECgeo__OfPfAqT_aOAGXwsNosnEL8hqPqry9EZlIOGPq5p0NVKn8upj5dcDclWFNpnM/w640-h406/resposta-de-hoc-o-de-no-reyna.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" title="Senyora Reyna final resposta de hoc o de no e ab aquella expedirnos de continent los dits consellers digueren hirien fer de tot aço a la dita Senyora Reyna relacio." width="640" /></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">14 DE JUNIO.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No hubo sesión.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Siguen las cartas que se recibieron en este día.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als molt reverend nobles magnifichs e honorables senyors <b>los diputats del General</b> e consell representants <b>lo Principat de Cathalunya</b>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Molt reverends nobles magnifichs e savis senyors. Huy circa les VII ores de mati havem rebuda letra vostra ab la qual nos significau la voluntat e desig que teniu de veure la conclusio dels negocis occorrents e persuadiunos a sollicitut e cura de aquells e scriureus de tot lo que sera fet. Per suadir senyors a nosaltres en aquestes coses ab tot que nou rebam altrament que a contentacio e plaer pero no pensam afretura per quant ho tenim tant a cor que dia e nit en alre no pensam ne volriem preteris (pasase; passare; de pretérito) una hora de temps sens degut fruyt es empero veritat lo que vulgarment se diu que fa hom lo possible e no insta la voluntat. Nosaltres fom aci dijous a vespre e per que alguns de nosaltres vinguem tart jatsia ho significam a la Senyora Reyna no poguem haver aquell vespre audiencia de la sua Senyoria. Hir de mati nos fonch donada audiencia e presentamli les respostes e li explicam lo que juxta vostres instruccions li era per nosaltres explicador. E donades les dites respostes en scrits la dita Senyora resta sobre aquelles en delliberacio sobre la qual en la vesprada sa Senyoria fonch solicitada e dix que no podiem haver resposta fins vuy de mati. E huy en aquesta ora son venguts a nosaltres lo mestre de Muntesa vizrey de Sicilia e comte de Oliva e de part de la dita Senyora Reyna nos han explicat com la sua Excellencia havia vistes les dites respostes e que trobava aquelles molt diferenciejar dels apuntaments fins aci fets e que per tant la dita sua Excellencia nos pregava que los III de nosaltres ço es prior de Cathalunya mossen Vilademany e mossen Jacme Ros qui aquestes coses havien menejades</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ne poguessen encara ab sa Senyoria e ab los de son consell conferir. Hagut per nosaltres sobre aço nostre consell jatsia no oblidem vostres instruccions pero per donar raho de aço a tota justificacio del Principat attes que no pensam tal diferencia recaure en la cosa com es pretes es stat delliberat no deneguar aquesta comunicacio per la qual es dada hora avuy apres lo dormir de la dita Senyora Reyna. E per quant fins açi no haviem hagut res en cert no haviem curat scriureus hagut lo parlament e comunicacio dessus dits sera fet lo que per vostra ordinacio som tenguts. Ab tant molt reverends nobles magnifichs e savis senyors la Sancta Trinitat vos tinga en sa guarda. Feta en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/03/1-2-diciembre-1461.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vilafrancha</a> a XIII de juny any LXI. - La present vos placia comunicar als senyors de consellers de aquexa ciutat lurs embaxadors vos ne pregen. - A tota ordinacio prests los embaixadors vostres.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als molt reverends nobles e magnifichs senyors <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/04/24-de-mayo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los diputats del General</a> e consell lur representants <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/09/20-de-febero.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo Principat de Cathalunya</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo dia passat senyors molt reverends molt nobles e magnifichs vos scrivim per letra la qual degues rebre entorn les VII ores apres mig jorn e stesement per aquella vos splicam tot lo fet e subseguit fins en aquella ora e com se havia fer lo parlament e comunicacio entre la Illustrissima Senyora Reyna e los de son consell e los tres nostres sobre les diferencies quis dehien esser en nostres respostes als apuntaments en dies passats fets. Ara per aquesta senyors vos certificam com lo dit parlament es stat fet no ab la dita Senyora Reyna mas ab los de son consell per sa ordinacio e los dits nostres tres en lo qual entraren hir a les IIII ores apres mig jorn e stigueren en aquell fins prop les X ores de nit. E los dits consellers de la Senyora Reyna volgueren passar tots los capitols de hu en hu e feren notament en algun dells de algunes coses qui no pensen sien de gran importancia car les paraules mudades lo efecte redunda una mateixa cosa o si en res devia no son coses de gran caler pero qualsevulla que sien com per los dits tres los fos dit que no ere en facultat nostra res variar ne mudar a les dites respostes ne altra fos nostra comissio que demenar de la dita Senyora Reyna final resposta de <a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2020/09/och-hoc-oc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hoc o de no</a> e ab aquella expedirnos de continent los dits consellers digueren hirien fer de tot aço a la dita Senyora Reyna relacio. Huy de mati entorn les V hores havem rebuda una letra ab la qual congoxosament nos scriviu ens encarregau de sollicitar per que de continent dita la missa de la Senyora Reyna essents tots nosaltres e los misatgers de la ciutat ajustats en nostre consell havem tramesos los dits III a la dita Senyora Reyna suplicantla per la dita resposta e no obmetent dir totes aquelles coses que son stades vistes a aço conduhir. La dita Senyora jatsia se reta admirada de tanta cuyta per quant diu li es vista impertinent posant al davant que vosaltres haveu trigat aqui delliberar per spay de VIII jorns e voleu que sa Senyoria vos responga sens temps de delliberacio dient que a nit vespre los dits consellers seus per esser hora tan tarda no li havien poguda fer complida relacio e que ara eren venguts a sa Senyoria per axo pero que no vol sino vuy tot dia tant solament ço es que ades apres dinar sa Senyoria hoira la dita relacio stesament e fara sa bona delliberacio sobre la qual donara tal resposta que vosaltres e nosaltres e tot lo Principat haurem e haura raho de restar molt contents. Aço es stat dit per la dita Senyora Reyna ab cara molt alegra e de bona contentacio de la qual los dits III qui ho han vist e hoit e nosaltres qui ho havem per lur (parece lor) report ne restam be confortats e ab sperança de tot be. Daquiavant senyors en aquesta vesprada la dita Senyora sera sollicitada per reduir loy a memoria e dema la hora assignada no sera gens preterida e en tot siau certs que per nosaltres si fara tanta diligencia que no pensam en res se pogues fer major. Ne volriem preterir (passar) una hora que no fos benifici als afers. Ab tant molt reverends nobles e magnifichs senyors la Sancta Trinitat vos haja en so guarda. Feta en Vilafrancha a XIIII dies de juny any Mil CCCCLXI. - A tota vostra ordinacio prests los embaixadors vostres.<br /><br />// <br /><br /><a href="https://www.amazon.es/s?k=Ram%C3%B3n+Guimer%C3%A1+Lorente+chapurriau&__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=29F0T90EWD0F5&sprefix=ram%C3%B3n+guimer%C3%A1+lorente+chapurriau%2Caps%2C118&ref=nb_sb_noss" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Llibres traduíts per Moncho en chapurriau</a>:<br />(<a href="https://www.amazon.es/s?k=Ram%C3%B3n+Guimer%C3%A1+Lorente&__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=KKXVD6NCCT5Q&sprefix=ram%C3%B3n+guimer%C3%A1+lorente%2Caps%2C126&ref=nb_sb_noss" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aquí están tots, en diferentes llengües</a>)<br /><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.amazon.es/s?k=Ram%C3%B3n+Guimer%C3%A1+Lorente+chapurriau&__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=29F0T90EWD0F5&sprefix=ram%C3%B3n+guimer%C3%A1+lorente+chapurriau%2Caps%2C118&ref=nb_sb_noss" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; 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font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.amazon.es/s?k=Ram%C3%B3n+Guimer%C3%A1+Lorente+chapurriau&__mk_es_ES=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&crid=29F0T90EWD0F5&sprefix=ram%C3%B3n+guimer%C3%A1+lorente+chapurriau%2Caps%2C118&ref=nb_sb_noss" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="226" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9eczTkCLYdZZNPP86Rq4medGjMR4INKM7ZtTO9iwxF7xKUHOS1gJq-GcpRzarBLCeAY6U1MKDO0ac6YTllqqgantvpS6A3LJKedisYQbQGvJa2N25aBMeuk0KnvIpNaN9_e2nYD_0r_rVWulTOETstHQRW9d1hAaNNGMgrg5pfy5NKwHfrAN8B1A9fEc/s1600/ag%C3%BCelo-mar.jpg" width="226" /></span></a></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44588 Beceite, Teruel, España40.8315669 0.181693612.521333063821153 -34.9745564 69.141800736178851 35.3379436tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-67588946682425721202024-03-11T02:52:00.000-07:002024-03-11T02:52:44.276-07:00Portfolio<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBeyrEDXTzMDfwKAZS91DYHu3vIsw0Pu4r949CwR5Nz9k3A5_TlMjWvcZkesvcnarnkilqUIj28E-S0fDB2F2ZfOMowtzwQe043cJMfN-n74wsUC6jTj6rVTlmEF0PmjGG7sm-79uTJfPoG8ZLyJBNsX6dy3MUsy0hSD7gh4O57KeNwCzsKJMUkRpyhSE/s720/pantano3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="Ramón Guimerá Lorente, Moncho de Beceite, Beseit" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="540" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBeyrEDXTzMDfwKAZS91DYHu3vIsw0Pu4r949CwR5Nz9k3A5_TlMjWvcZkesvcnarnkilqUIj28E-S0fDB2F2ZfOMowtzwQe043cJMfN-n74wsUC6jTj6rVTlmEF0PmjGG7sm-79uTJfPoG8ZLyJBNsX6dy3MUsy0hSD7gh4O57KeNwCzsKJMUkRpyhSE/w480-h640/pantano3.jpg" title="Ramón Guimerá Lorente, Moncho de Beceite, Beseit" width="480" /></span></a></p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramón Guimerá Lorente</a></div><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding: 0px;"><a data-wpel-link="external" href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow external" style="background-color: transparent; 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font-size: medium;"><span>Bernat </span><span style="background-color: transparent;">Ç</span>aportella</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Alcañiz, Nicolás Sancho Moreno</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://euskara-euskera.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Euscara, Euskera, basco, vasco, vascuence</a><br /><br /><a href="https://pininfarinetes.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pininfarinetes</a><br /><br /><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Choix des poésies originales troubadours des troubadours + Lexique roman</a></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><br /><br /></span><span>Links a <a href="https://blog.hubspot.es/marketing/buscadores-mas-utilizados" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">buscadores</a>:</span><br /><span><br /></span><span><a href="http://www.google.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Google</a></span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bing.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bing</a></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://brave.com/es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Brave</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.ecosia.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ecosia</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://search.yahoo.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Yahoo search</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.baidu.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Baidu (chino)</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">duckduckgo</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://yandex.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Yandex</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://es.ask.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ask</span></a></div><div style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://es.quora.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quora</span></a></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-1005858769206560922024-03-03T03:37:00.000-08:002024-03-16T11:42:49.047-07:00Lexique roman, A (+ index)<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lexique roman, ou dictionnaire de la langue des troubadours, comparée avec les autres langues de l' Europe latine.<br /><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FfJo_RudALk" width="320" youtube-src-id="FfJo_RudALk"></iframe></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A, s. m., voyelle, première lettre de </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">l' alphabet, a.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car la prima lettra d'amor </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Apellon A.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Milon: En amor trob.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car ils appellent A la première lettre d' amour.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fenisson en A estreig.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gramm. provenç.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Finissent en A bref.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Loc. <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/08/jm-virgili-i-ortiga.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pos no sabes A ni B</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com mostraras autres ni me?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. d'un Évang. apocr.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.nuvol.com/etiquetes/carles-teres" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Puisque tu ne sais a ni b</a>, comment enseigneras-tu les autres et moi?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc. Fr. Mais en latin le bon abbé</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">N' y entendoit ni a ni b.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Du Bellay, p. 471.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, troisième personne du verbe AVER, au présent du singulier de l' indicatif, voyez AVER.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, préposition, vient d' AD ou d' AB et A latins, et quelquefois d' AB roman.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' AD latin:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S'a lieis non platz que m man A se venir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Berenger de Palasol: De la gensor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S'il ne lui plaît qu'elle me mande venir à elle.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' AB, d' A latins:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A mainz homes aug amor acusar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aimeri de Péguilain: Totz hom.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Par plusieurs hommes j' entends accuser l' amour.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' AB roman; voyez AB.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Coms, A honor non podetz mais jorn viure.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Montant Sartre: Coms de Tolsan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Comte, vous ne pouvez désormais vivre avec honneur.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, préposition romane, est resté dans la contraction qui a formé les articles AL, ALS, AS.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quelquefois il reçoit, par euphonie, le D ou le Z devant les mots qui commencent par une voyelle.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Atressi cum la candela</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que si meteyssa destrui,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per far clardat AD autrui.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Raimond de Toulouse: Atressi cum.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ainsi que la chandelle qui se détruit elle-même, pour faire clarté à autrui.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mantas vez lo jorn non posc tener</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' AZ una part non an totz sols plorar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Folquet de Marseille: Meravil me.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que plusieurs fois le jour je ne puis tenir que je n' aille tout seul pleurer à un coin.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cette préposition indique ou caractérise plus ou moins expressément divers rapports, tels que:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">1. Direction, tendance, but, fin.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mand e tramet salut A vos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Arnaud de Marueil: Dona genser.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Envoie et transmet salut à vous.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hueimais es Antecritz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">AL dan del mon issitz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Faidit: Era nos sia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Désormais l' Antecrist est sorti pour le dommage du monde.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">2. Relation.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pueis montest de rossin A destrier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No fesetz colp d' espaza ni de lansa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">T. d' Albert Marquis et de Rambaud de Vaqueiras: Ara m digatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et depuis que vous vous élevâtes du roussin au destrier, vous ne fîtes coup d' épée ni de lance.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A tals vassals, tal senhor. Aimeri de Péguilain: Li fol.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à tels vassaux, tels seigneurs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">3. Personnalité, appartenance.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poiria nos A amdos enuiar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A me del dire, A vos del escotar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud de Vaqueiras: Senher marques.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il pourrait nous ennuyer à tous deux, à moi du dire, à vous de l' écouter.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrans, la filha AL pros comte Raimon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Degra vezer qu' il gensa tot lo mon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guillaume de Saint-Didier: Aissi cum es.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand, la fille au preux comte Raimond devrait voir qu' elle charme tout le monde.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vol la terr' A mos enfans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born: Ges de far.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il veut la terre de mes enfants.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">4. Attribution, indication.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/2021/05/capitol-cvii-senyor-vingue-flum-jorda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Baptejavan</a> AL nom de Yeshu Xrist. La nobla leyczon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ils baptisaient au nom de Jésus-Christ.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ad honor del cors sanct faria una capella.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de S. Honorat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ferait une chapelle en l' honneur du corps saint.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A las obras pareis.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born: Nostre senher.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aux œuvres il paraît.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">5. Espèce, qualité.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' era forniers que escaudava lo forn A coser lo pan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de Bernard de Ventadour.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui était fournier qui échauffait le four à cuire le pain.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">6. Manière, état.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A genolhos sopleyan humilmen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Raimond de Toulouse: Si cum seluy.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Suppliant humblement à genoux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anar A pe, A ley de croy joglar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tenson d' Albert Marquis et de Rambaud de Vaqueiras: Ara m digatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aller à pied, à la manière de vil jongleur.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">7. Destination.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Era mercadiers que tenia draps A vendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. d' Aimeri de Peguilain.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il était marchand qui tenait draps à vendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Favas A desgranar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marcoat: Mentre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fèves à écosser.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">8. Moyen, cause, effet.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ades pueg A plena vela.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud d' Orange: Una chansoneta.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A présent je monte à pleine voile.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vengron sas donzelas AL crit, e demanderon:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'es aisso?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de Pierre Vidal.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses demoiselles vinrent au cri, et demandèrent; Qu'est-ce?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero us d' els mi veira A son dan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Blacasset: Gerra mi play.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pour cela un d' eux me verra à son dommage.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">9. Temps, époque, circonstance de temps.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A quascun jorn de l' an...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com par neus A Nadal.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. de Ventadour: Lo gens temps.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à chaque jour de l' an... comme paraît neige à Noël.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ges AL premier an no val gaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas AL ters torna de bon aire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deudes de Prades. Auz. cass.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à la première année, il ne vaut guère, mais, à la troisième, il devient de bonne qualité.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">AL premier lans pert ieu mon esparvier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born: Ieu m' escondisc.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Au premier jet je perds mon épervier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">10. Localité, circonstance de lieu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vendre tot quant avion A Berniz. Titre de 1168.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vendre tout ce qu'ils avaient à Bernis.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A la fontana del vergier...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A l' ombra d'un fust domesgier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trobei sola.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marcabrus: A la fontana.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je la trouvai seule à la fontaine du verger, à l' ombre d'un arbre domestique.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A doas leguas lonhet d' aqui.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">R. Vidal de Bezaudun: Unas novas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il s' éloigna de là à deux lieues.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nos encontrem, AL pas de Belestar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XII lairos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud de Vaqueiras: Honratz marques.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nous rencontrâmes, au passage de <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2024/01/lexique-roman-castiar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Belestar</a>, douze voleurs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">11. Ordre, rang.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un A un los avia pres. Roman de Jaufre, fol. 23.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il les avait pris un à un.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pilatz s' aset e sa cadeira, (cadiera, cadira, cátedra: silla)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li autre AD una tyeyra.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. de l' Évangile de Nicodème.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pilate s' assit en sa chaire, et les autres à une même file.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'el met' AL latz sanh Johan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born: Mon chant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il le mette au côté de saint Jean.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">12. Mesure, poids, quantité, valeur, capacité.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Richartz mettra A mueis e A sestiers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aur et argent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born: Miez sirventes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Richard fournira à muids et à setiers l'or et l' argent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E metrai hi blasmes e deshonors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tracions A miliers e A cens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Cardinal: Un sirventes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et j' y mettrai les blâmes et les déshonneurs et les trahisons à milliers et à cents.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faita d'un nov talh presan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A compas et A guaran.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gaubert Moine de Puicibot: Uns joys.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faite d'une nouvelle taille distinguée, à compas et à proportion.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fara m canuzir A flocs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Adhemar: Ben fora.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et me fera blanchir à flocons.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, préposition romane, se traduit ordinairement par A dans les langues</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">de l' Europe latine, mais il a quelquefois le sens exact ou approximatif d' autres prépositions, dont les principales sont:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">1. Après.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mot A mot no li contatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de Jaufre, fol. 24.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ne lui racontez mot à mot.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc. Fr. Que je conte un à un les astres radieux...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les desrompt pièce à pièce.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k53679n.r=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Desportes, premières œuvres</a>, fol. 108 et 223.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Torsetz los li un á un tots. Trad. catalane dels <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/deudes-daude-prades-pradas.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">auz. cass</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Enna corte poc á poco te faras connoscer.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. En la corte poco a poco te harás conocer; darás a.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_Alexandre" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Poema de Alexandro</a>, cop. 369.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Tirando peca á peca...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">a poucos dios morreo.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/the-third-decade-of-asia-jo%C3%A3o-de-barros/QwFXHSqgWjRjqQ?hl=es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barros, Decad.</a> I, l. III, cap. 9; l. I, cap. II (o 11).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. a morte al ciel s' annidi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/details/bsb10686506" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Buonarotti, Rime</a>, 29.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">2. Avec, voyez AB.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De totas parts y venon A gran joya.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud de Vaqueiras: Truan mala.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De toutes parts y viennent avec grande joie.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fas A la gent un covinent novelh.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-peire-cardenal-cardinal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">P. Cardinal</a>: Tos temps azir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je fais avec la gent un traité nouveau. (convenientia)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. à plours et à larmes leur conta la grant doleur... Le lia fortement à un arbre à quatre fors hars torses... Et se conseilla Kalles à sa gent... Et s'en retournèrent à grans proies et à grant gaing.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rec. des hist. de Fr., t. V, p. 269, 302, 297; et III, p. 275.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il les tenroient à bonne foi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/search?q=Villehardouin" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ville-Hardouin</a> (<a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/11/lexique-roman-dictionnaire-de-la-langue.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Villehardouin</a>), p. 12.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le col li prit à ses deus meins.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marie de France, t. 1, p. 322.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vilains et de mauvès afere</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ne pot à els nul marchié fere.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fabl. Et cont. anc. t. IV, p. 2.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Convinença que... havra feta á mercaders o á sos mariners. <a href="https://archive.org/download/librodelconsulad00capm/librodelconsulad00capm.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Consolat de la mar</a>, cap. 209.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Recebidas las duenas á una grant ondranza...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">á tant grant ondra ellas á Valencia entraban...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En buenos cavallos á petrales é á cascabeles</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E á cuberturas de cendales.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 1586, 1617, 1516, 1517.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Estou a mil nós atado.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A. Ferreira, Bristo, act. I, sc. I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pedindo a altas voces a Deos misericordia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lucena, V. de P. Fr. Xavier, liv. X, cap. 2.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. a fidanza richiederò... a gran fatica si, levò di terra.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Boccaccio, Decameron, III, 2; et IX, 9.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E comandò che l' amassero a fede.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dante, Parad., II.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Voyez la Grammaire comparée des langues de l' Europe latine, p. 319.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">3. Auprès de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E platz mi be lai en estiu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m sojorn A font o A riu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le moine de Montaudon: Mout me platz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et il me plaît bien là en été que je me repose auprès de fontaine ou auprès de ruisseau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. Fr. Après que Themistocles, dechassé premierement d' Athenes et depuis de toute la Grece, fut retiré au roi des Perses.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Macault, Trad. des apopht. fol. 294.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Encara al <a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/2021/05/capitol-cvii-senyor-vingue-flum-jorda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">flum</a> non era... al flum Granico combatut avem.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. catal. de <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinte-Curce" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Quinte-Curce</a>, lib. 4.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Sedien á los sos pies.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de S. Millán, cop. 261.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. … E quanto mais á fonte</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Se chega, tanto mais verde parece.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A. Ferreira, Egloga I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Messer Lancialotto combattea un giorno a una fontana con un cavaliere. Cento novelle antiche, nov. 42.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">4. Comme, en qualité de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si volon Frances ni Picartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A senhors ni A drogomans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Cardinal: Per folhs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ils veulent Français et Picards en qualité de seigneurs et comme interprètes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu lo jutge per dreg A traydor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">T. de Gui d' Uizel et de M. de Ventadour; Gui d' Uiselh.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je le juge justement comme traître.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Deus t'a enuint à prince et a rei.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc. trad. des livres des Rois, fol. II (o 11).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à segnur lo volrunt aveir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marie de France, t. II, p. 123.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Là fu li enfes enoinz e coroné à roi par la main de l' apostoile Adrien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rec. des hist. de Fr., t. VI, p. 129.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à fol et à mauvés s' encuse</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui ceste requeste refuse.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nouv. Rec. de Fabl. et cont. anc., t. II, p. 188.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Lo que havem pres e prenem á molta e singular complascencia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Capmany, Collect. diplom. t. 1, p. 305.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Y á burla no os tingau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vic. Garcia, Quintillas, p. 63.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. No lo tenga á mal. Poema del Cid, v. 985.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. O teve a máo Sinal. Moraes, Palmeirim, l. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Ella si governava a republica. Novelle inedite, p. 131.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quelli che riceve a figliuoli. Guittone d' Arezzo, Lett. 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">5. Contre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Estiers no m puesc A sas armas defendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Richard de Barbezieux: Be volria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Autrement je ne puis me défendre contre ses armes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. à renart de rien ne tenciez.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, p. 256.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. E 'l falco gran batayla rendon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">á selhs qui lurs auzelos prendon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. catal. dels auz. Cass.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Daude de Pradas, Deudes de Prades, dels auzels cassador. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quien compare la lengua de Daude, Deudes con la traducción catalana verá que el catalán era la misma lengua, la plana lengua romana, romance, occitano, provenzal, etc. <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/deudes-daude-prades-pradas.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/deudes-daude-prades-pradas.html</a> )</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Este lidiare á tod' el mas ardido.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 3372.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">á Dios non se defienden nin carceres nin cuebas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. A Dios no se defienden ni en cárceles ni en cuevas.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vida de S. Domingo de Silos, cop. 713.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. He ter o sprito armado á má fortuna.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A. Ferreira, Castro, acto V, sc. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Che l' apressar' a terra</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A nave è mortal guerra...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Che mal non fieri a scoglio.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Barberini, Docum. D' amore, p. 263 et 270.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">6. DE.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Filla 's AL rei qui a grant poestat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poëme sur Boece.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Elle est fille du roi qui a grande puissance.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' A sa vida be non cantet.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. d' Auvergne: Chantarai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui de sa vie ne chanta bien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Sez-tu que soies fille à roi?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fabl. et cont. anc., t. IV; p. 155. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Congié prist à son manage.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. II, p. 44.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à une voiz tuz s' escrioient.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marie de France, t. II, p. 458.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Si algun mariner fugirà á nau o á leny, pus que aura rebut son loguer. Consolat de la mar, cap. 228.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esp. Besan las manos al rey don Alfonso. Poema del Cid, v. 3469.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Dom João beijou a mão a el rey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de Andrada, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Per servo star' a così gran signore.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Barberini, Docum. d' amore, p. 101.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">7. Devant, en présence de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cantatz ma canson voluntiers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A la reyna dels Normans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. de Ventadour: Pel dols chant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chantez ma chanson volontiers devant la reine des Normands.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Coma la pols futz AL ven.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cat. dels apost. de Roma, fol. 170.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Comme la poussière fuit devant le vent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui 'l papa pogues citar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A maior de se, fora gen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Folquet de Lunel: Al bon rey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et qui pourrait citer le pape devant plus grand que lui, ce serait beau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car A mos heylls veg veramen (N. E. nueva versión de uelhs; ojos)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Te per cui aurem salvamen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. de l' Évangile de Nicodème.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car devant mes yeux je vois vraiment toi par qui nous aurons salut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. à lui s' encline la cort tote.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. I, p. 338.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. C' apres meta 'l hom al solell.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. catal. dels auz. cass.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Buelven coma hoja al viento.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Vuelven - giran - como hoja al viento.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Torrellas, Canc. gen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Isto se obrava aos olhos do governador.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de ANDRADA, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. E poi a miei occhi veggenti</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sputò fuor dell' elmetto quattro denti.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Burchiello, part. I, son. 129.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Stava in una grotta al sole. Cento novelle antiche, nov. 63.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">8, DANS, EN.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E platz mi A ric hom franqueza.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le Moine de Montaudon: Mout me platz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et la franchise me plaît en un homme puissant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' A Bezers fesetz faire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mout estranh mazel.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Figueiras: Sirventes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dans Béziers fîtes faire très étrange carnage.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que chantarai A despieg de trachors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Cardinal: Un sirventes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que je chanterai en dépit des traîtres.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Mès il meisme les va querre </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">à plain et à bois.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. I, p. 335.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Entant al mon ha durat est engan...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E port' al cor sens fum continu <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/11/doctrina-pueril-cap-50-100.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">foch</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.culturavalenciana.es/ausias-march-s-xv-un-lenguaje-que-responde-a-la-realidad-el-valenciano/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ausias March</a>: Lo tot es; Alt et amor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Raynouard cita a <a href="https://visat.cat/traduccions-literatura-catalana/esp/autor/8/ausias-march.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ausias como lengua catalana</a>; no sé si conocería a <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2022/04/apuntamientos-historia-derecho-valenciano-joseph-villarroya-furs-.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bonifacio Ferrer</a>, a <a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/2021/04/vita-christi-isabel-villena-ysabel-billena-monestir-trinitat-valencia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Isabel de Villena</a>, etc.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esp. Todos esa noch (noche) fueron á sus posadas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 2192.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. E o peito le passou de banda a banda.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Camoens, Oitav, VII, 68.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. E tutto ciò è nulla anco a paraggio.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guittone d' Arezzo, Lett. 10.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">I pesci notar vedean per lo lago a grandissime schiere:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Boccaccio, Decameron, VII, 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En li suoi vietò terrena grandezza e la biasma a tutti.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guittone d' Arezzo, Lett. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">9. Envers, a l' égard de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' A totas sui bos e francx e privatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pons de Capdueil: Tant m'a donat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' envers toutes je suis bon et franc et apprivoisé.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' A son senhor fassa en re fallimen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. de Montagnagout: Per lo mon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' envers son seigneur il ne fasse faute en rien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo coms d' Anjou es ses merce</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ALS Proensals.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Paulet de Marseille: L'autr'ier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le comte d' Anjou est sans merci à l' égard des Provençaux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mos chantars es enueg ALS enoios,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ALS plazens plazers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Cardinal: Ricx hom.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon chanter est ennui à l' égard des ennuyeux, et joie à l' égard des joyeux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Sages soies et acointables...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et as grans gens et as menues.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de la Rose, v. 2109.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. De que son tengutz los mercaders als senyors de las naus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Consolat de la mar, cap. 238.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. El catalán mantendrá el plural en AS incluso después de <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2018/08/05/burrades-de-pompeyo-fabra-la-c-cedilla/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pompeyo Fabra</a>. Ahora se usa el plural en ES, como ya hacía la lengua valenciana siglos antes.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Falso á todos è mas al criador.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 3399.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Facendo do merecimamento dos homens estimação tam justa que nem á conveniencia, nem ao estado ficava devedor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de Andrada, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Ad ogni mancanza pieno ristoramento...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">a quelli Dio s' ira forte che peccando</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">non li fragella.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guittone d' Arezzo, Lett. 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">10. Lors de, au moment de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar hom conoys los amics fenhedors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E los verays A las coytas maiors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lanfranc Cigala: Si mos chans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car on connaît les amis feints et les véritables lors des malheurs plus grands.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Seran complit VII ans AL prim erbatge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cadenet: Ab leyal.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sept ans seront accomplis lors de la première herbe.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Au departir fu li dels granz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. II, p. 44.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Ell al entrar porta molt gran dolsor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ausias March: Molt me par. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al ser donaretz l' á menjar de carn.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. catal. dels auz. cass.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. á la salida de Valencia mis fijas vos di yo... </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al exir de Salon mucho ovo buenas aves.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 3273 et 867.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Ao romper das lanças foi tamanho estrondo que parecia que todo Londres se arruinava. Moraes, Palmeirim, part. II, l. 46.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Ad ogni passo di lana filata, che al fuso avvolgeva, mille sospiri... gittava. Boccaccio, Decameron, IV, 7. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tu mi darai mille livre al primo piatto que tu vincerai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cento novelle antiche, nov. 53.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">11. PAR.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' adoncs n' aug tan A quascun de ben dir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. de Ventadour: Quan la fuelha.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' à présent j' en ouïs dire tant de bien par chacun.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et A manh nesci, ab fol parlar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ai ja vist trop ben son pro far.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Adhemar: Ieu ai ja vist.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et par maint ignorant, avec un fol parler, j'ai déjà vu très bien faire son profit.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aras vei possezir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A clercx la senhoria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Cardinal: Li clerc si fan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Maintenant je vois posséder par les clercs la domination.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pren l' ALS cabelhs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">R. Vidal de Bezaudun: Unas novas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Si Ramon Vidal, de Besalú, catalán, escribía en catalán; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">¿cómo se traduciría “pren l' als cabelhs” al occitano? Pregunten en alguna <a href="https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/infancia/es/canal/educacio-infantil-de-0-3-anys" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">escuela de infantil de Cataluña</a>, por ejemplo, en <a href="https://chapurriau.wordpress.com/2021/11/07/lou-tresor-dou-felibrige-a-index/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vielha</a>.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il le prend par les cheveux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Si faz-je, à la foi que je doi:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A-je corone? Oïl, par foi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. I, p. 125.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Toutes leurs choses prenoit et ravissoit à force et sanz raizon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rec. des hist. de Fr. t. III, p. 261.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui à force l' en ad menée.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marie de France, t. II, p. 72.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. No seria ni fora perduda als dits mercaders, ans al dit senyor de la nau. Consolat de la mar, cap. 44.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Que no puede ser tomada </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">á fuerza mi fortaleza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni á traycion.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gómez Manrrique, Canc. gen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Dito foi a um grande sabio: Casa cum igual.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A. Ferreira, Bristo, act. I, sc. 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Le cautele provate</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">a voi che navigate.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Barberini, Docum. d' amore, p. 256.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C'est surtout après quelques verbes, tels que laissar, far, etc.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'eu no us fassa lauzar A tota gent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La dame Castelloze: Amic s' ie us.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que je ne vous fasse louer par toute gent.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s'en laisset ALS sieus trahir e vendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bernard d' Auriac: Be volria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et s'en laissa trahir et vendre par les siens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Fere vos feré grant homage</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">As chevaliers de mon parage.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. II, p. 196.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. E jaquiran possehir als asseguradors las quantitats.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Capmany, Collect. diplom. t. I, p. 387.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. á los Judios te dexeste prender.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Por los judíos te dejaste prender.)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 348.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Nem dar a entendre ao mundo que fazia tanto caso de la guerra.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de Andrada, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. 1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Se non mi fa cridare merce a cento baroni ed a cento cavalieri ed a cento dame e a cento donzelle...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' era lassato ingannare a uno alchimista.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cento novelle ant., nov. 61 et 74.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">12. Pendant, Durant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que us am A tota ma vida.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Figueiras : L'autr'ier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que je vous aime pendant toute ma vie.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No 'ls poiria mostrar A totz mos jorns vivenz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pierre de Corbiac: El nom de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je ne les pourrais montrer pendant tous mes jours vivants.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Avez-vous intention de me demourer à année devant mon chastel? Roman de Perceforest, t. IV, fol. 26.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Totz regimens son mesuratz; mas alcuns son annuals, altres á vida. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. de Gilles de Rome, Reg. del princ.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Floreció el arcipreste á la mitad del siglo XIV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sánchez, Colec. de poes. castel. not. t. 1, p. 102.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Ao mesmo tempo assaltarão os baluartes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de Andrada, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. 2.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Ad ogni stagione</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sono in sua compagnia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jacopone da Todi, Od. III, 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No li porria mostrare a tutti miei giorni viventi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Galvani, Trad. de P. de Corbiac. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">13. Pour, afin de, a l' effet de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que re non val A amor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom que joglars sia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Bremon Ricas Novas: Lo bel.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ne vaut rien pour l' amour homme qui soit jongleur.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A vos aurai amor coral.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Arnaud de Marueil: Totas bonas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J' aurai pour vous amour de coeur.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mos sens es clars</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ALS bons entendedors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trop es escurs</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A selh que no sap gaire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gavaudan le Vieux: Leu no sui.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon sens est clair pour les bons entendeurs; il est très obscur pour celui qui ne sait guère.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et AL beure rescondo s dins maizo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et AL manjar no queron companho...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A que far doncs van emblan ni tolen?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Cardinal: Ricx hom.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et afin de boire se cachent dans la maison, et pour manger ne cherchent compagnon. Pourquoi faire donc vont-ils volant et enlevant?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Ainsi que s' ils estoient nés seulement à boire et a manger.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Œuvres d' Alain Chartier, p. 316.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Deu ha dos mons á tot hom establit.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ausias March: O quant es.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. á mi, que ver te desseo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mil annos se haze un dia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rodrigo de Ávalos, Canc. gen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Como s' á terra só fossem creadas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A. Ferreira, Cart. II, 2.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Se ad esti vani, vili e picciuli beni....</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">avesse criati noi.... a viver bene e beato,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">neente manca loco o' è vertù.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guittone D' Arezzo, Lett. I et 3.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">14. Selon, d' après, conformément a.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et estai gen A luecx et A sazos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Giraud le Roux: Ara sabrai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et il est bien selon les lieux et selon les temps.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que talan ai que defenda</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Las donas A mon poder.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">T. de Bernard et de Gaucelm: Gaucelm no us. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que j'ai volonté que je défende les dames selon mon pouvoir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Qui à ses besoins la servoit.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nouv. rec. de fabl. et cont. anc. t. II, p. 315.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Que la pogues vendre e fer á sa voluntat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Consolat de la mar, cap. 211.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Aqui lo meiorare á juuicio de la cort.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 3271.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A cantar el Te Deum Laudamus á poder.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de S. Domingo de Silos, cop. 566.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Negocio, ao parecer dos sens, não muy difficil.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de Andrada, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. 2.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Tutto tempo ensegnando a potere loro.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guittone d' Arezzo, Lett. 9.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">15. SUR.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cant a manjat, el lo forbis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A peira o A fust ronhos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deudes de Prades, Auz. cass.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quand il a mangé, il le fourbit sur une pierre ou sur du bois raboteux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A sas sanhtas espatlas la levet... el portet, en la cros, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A sas espatlas los nostres peccatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. de la règle de S. Benoît, fol. 15.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il la plaça sur ses saintes épaules... il porta, en la croix, sur ses épaules tous les nôtres péchés.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC FR. à la terre entre deux eschames s' asiet.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du Renart, t. II, p. 12.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. So son paucas bossas que naisson á l' ausel.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trad. catal. dels auz. cass.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Con unos quince á terra s firió.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema del Cid, v. 2029.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Contase de elephante o que traza torre ás costas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">F. de SA de MIRANDA, ecl. 8.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. L' appoggiaro ritto alle sponde...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et abbatello morto alla terra.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cento novelle antiche, nov. 92.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">16. VERS.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si m tira ves amor lo fres</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' A nulh' autra part no m' aten.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. de Ventadour: Non es maravelha.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tellement le frein me tire vers l' amour que je ne me porte vers nulle autre part.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Et tant tirai que j' amené</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le fust à moi tout empené.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de la Rose, v. 1722.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. Al vici som moguts naturalment.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ausias March: Volgra ser nat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ESP. Alzaba Ananias á Dios ambas las manos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de S. Domingo de Silos, cop. 555.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">PORT. Mandou ao seu piloto que governasse ao porto de Combre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J. F. de Andrada, V. de D. J. de Castro, l. I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Olhando a todas as partes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Moraes, Palmeirim, cap. XII, p. I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IT. Gli occhi tenendo al cielo.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guittone d' Arezzo, Lett. I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, placé devant des mots avec lesquels il présente un sens absolu, concourt à former des adverbes composés. En voici quelques exemples:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">1. Avec un substantif.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' A PENA vei la clara luz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Folquet de Marseille: Senher Dieu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' à peine je vois la claire lumière.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A LA MIA FE, Amors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gran peccat avetz de me.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gavaudan de Vieux: A la mia fe.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Par ma foi, Amour, vous avez grand péché envers moi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">2. Avec un adjectif ou un participe employé substantivement.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non amarai autra mas vos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni A PRESENT ni A RESCOS.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un troubadour anonyme: Seinor vos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je n' aimerai autre excepté vous ni à découvert ni en cachette.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu fui AL PRIM destrier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et apres palafres.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Raimond de Miraval: Ben aia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que je fus au commencement destrier et après palefroi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A est employé quelquefois dans une ellipse où le verbe dont il exprime</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">l' action est sous-entendu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">AD armas! seinor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de Jaufre, fol. 112.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aux armes! seigneurs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le verbe sous-entendu est corretz, courez.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il exprime quelquefois le rapport d'un substantif à un autre:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non ai dreg AL fieu qu' ieu ai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pierre Rogiers: Tant ai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et je n' ai pas droit au fief que je possède.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Celui d'un substantif à un verbe:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">M' es obs un novel chant A faire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Arnaud P. d' Agange: Quan lo temps,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il m' est besoin de faire un nouveau chant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Celui d'un adjectif à un verbe:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que anc mais no fo leus A enamorar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Faidit: Mon cor e mi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que jamais il ne fut facile à rendre amoureux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Autre dol ai que m'es greus A durar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aimeri de Peguilain: Anc no.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J'ai une autre douleur qui m' est pénible à supporter.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et enfin celui d'un verbe à un autre verbe:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' al jorn c'om nai, comensa A morir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Faidit: Cascus hom deu.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' au jour qu'on naît, on commence à mourir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En chantan m' aven A membrar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So qu'ieu cug chantan oblidar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Folquet de Marseille: En chantan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En chantant il m' arrive de rappeler ce que je crois oublier en chantant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, placé entre deux verbes, dont le dernier est au présent de l' infinitif, signifie quelquefois de quoi, le moyen de.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E trobes om A comprar et A vendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pistoleta: Ar agues ieu:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et qu'on trouvât de quoi acheter et de quoi vendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja non er qu' ilh don' A manjar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Garin d' Apchier: Mos cominals.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jamais ne sera qui lui donne de quoi manger.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A forme, à la suite de divers mots, des prépositions composées.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas pauc sent los mals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">QUANT A Damieta.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tomiers: De chantar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais il sent peu les maux quant à Damiette.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il se joint même explétivement a d' autres prépositions.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">TRO A kalenda maia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">T. d' Ebles et de Gui d' Uisel: Gui d' Uisel.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jusques aux calendes de mai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels maiors mov tota la malvestatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pois apres, de gra en gra, dissen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">TRO ALS menors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sordel: Qui be s membra.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Des plus grands part toute la méchanceté, et puis après elle descend, de degré en degré, jusqu'aux plus petits.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, devant un adverbe de quantité, gouverne parfois cet adverbe employé</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">substantivement.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A MEINS me tenh que Juzieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">P. Vidal: De chantar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Me tient à moins que Juif.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car AL PLUS qu'il pot m' enansa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. de Ventadour: Tuit selhs que.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car elle me rehausse au plus qu'elle peut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il sert aussi à former des adverbes composés.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">QU' A TOT LO MEINS m' er l' atendres honors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aimeri de Sarlat: Fis e leials.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' à tout le moins l' attendre me sera honneur.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A sert à désigner le régime indirect des substantifs personnels, démonstratifs et relatifs: ME, MI, TU, TE, TI, NOS, VOS, EL, LI, LUR, CUI, LOQUAL, etc.; mais il est souvent sous-entendu. Voyez ces divers mots.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Après le verbe AVER il sert à exprimer l' idée d'une action à faire, d'un</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">projet à exécuter, d'un devoir à remplir, etc.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus sap qu' ab lieys AI A guerir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le Comte de Poitiers: Mout jauzens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Puisque je sais que j'ai à guérir avec elle.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Voyez AVER.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Parfois, avec cette préposition, le verbe AVER exprime le sens précis de</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">tenir à, regarder comme.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l monz fondes a meravilla gran,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non l' AURIA A descovinenza.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. Zorgi: Si 'l monz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si le monde s' écroulait par grande merveille, je ne le tiendrais pas à inconvenance.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A, placé après le verbe ESSER, aide à former diverses locutions.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avec un substantif:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dis: Baros, A DIEU SIATZ,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per vos mi son trop tardatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aras n'i puesc plus estar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de Jaufre, fol. 24.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et dit: Barons, à Dieu soyez, car je me suis trop retardé pour vous,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">et maintenant je n'y puis plus rester.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A DIEU SIATZ correspond au latin DOMINUS VOBISCUM, Dieu soit avec vous. (N. E. Cat. A Deu siau; siatz : tz segunda persona: au)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC FR. à Dieu soyez, je m' en revois.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nouv. rec. de fabl. et cont. anc., t. II, p. 349.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Par ellipse on a dit: A DIEU. (N. E. Cat. A Deu, adeu, elipse siau)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'ie us dis: A DIEU, doussa amia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. Zorgi: Mout fai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Cat. actual: Què jo us dic: Adeu, dolça amiga.) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que je vous dis: à Dieu, douce amie.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enfin la langue française en a composé le substantif adieu, adieux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avec un verbe:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belh' e plazens, si que non ES A DIRE</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Negus bos ayps qu'on puesc' en domn' eslire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pons de Capdueil: Tant m'a donat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belle et agréable, tellement que ne manque aucune bonne qualité qu'on puisse distinguer en une dame.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Voyez DIRE.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En général, après le verbe ESSER, A exprime l' idée d'une action qui reste à faire, qu'il convient de faire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Leu chansoneta m' ER A far,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus n'ai man de ma doss' amia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. de Montagnagout: Leu chansoneta.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il me sera à faire une légère chansonnette, puisque j' en ai ordre de ma douce amie.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A placé absolument au-devant du présent de l'infinitif, répond quelquefois au gérondif en DO de la langue latine.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">AL COMENSAR jogua majestrilmen. (mayestrilmen)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aimeri de Peguilain: Atressi m pren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En commençant il joue savamment.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Souvent le présent de l'infinitif et le participe présent sont employés substantivement.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que filha, c'an de <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/sirventes-divers-60.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">comayre</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan lur nepta AL MARIDAR.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. Carbonel: Tans ricx.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que la fille, qu'ils ont d'une commère, ils la font leur nièce au marier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-rogiers-rougier-peire-rogiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">AL PAREISSEN</a> de las flors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-rogiers-rougier-peire-rogiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">P. Rogiers</a>: <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-rogiers-rougier-peire-rogiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Al pareissen</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Au paraissant des fleurs.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A était employé aussi comme interjection.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A! Proensal, vos devetz tug plorar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' onrat senhor del Baus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Paulet de Marseille: Razos non es.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ah! Provençaux, vous devez tous pleurer l' honoré seigneur de Baux.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A! com m' an mort fals amador truan!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">B. de Ventadour: Quan la fuelha.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hélas! comme les faux amoureux perfides m' ont tué!<br /><br />// Index:<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ab.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ab</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ac.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ac</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ad-adait.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ad</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ae-af-aer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ae - af</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ag-aganda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; 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font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><span><span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-far-fair-faire.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - far - fair - faire</a><br /></span><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-far.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - far</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-fardar-fatigacio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fardar - fatigacio</a><a href="lexique roman - fardar - fatigacio" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><br /></a></span><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fatz-fazio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fatz - fazio</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fe.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fe</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-feble-fible-freble.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - feble - fible - freble</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fecunditat-esfelnezir.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fecunditat - esfelnezir</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-felige-profemnia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - felige - profemnia</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fen-fe-fenix.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fen, fe - fenix</a><br /><br /></span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fenolh-fenoilh-fenoill.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fenolh - fenoilh - fenoill</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-ferir-ferrigola.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ferir - ferrigola</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fersa-ferment.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">lexique roman - fersa - ferment</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-festa-fibra.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">festa - fibra</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-ficar-folleil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ficar - folleil</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fils.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fils</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-filtracio-finibusterra.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Filtracio - Finibusterra</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fin-fi-fisac.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fin - fi - fisac</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fisc-flauzon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fisc - flauzon</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-flavor-flecha.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Flavor - flecha</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-flechir-floquier.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Flechir - floquier</a><br /></span><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-flor-fozedor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Flor - fozedor</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fol-folh-refoleiar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fol, folh - refoleiar</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fol-enfulhir-enfullir.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fol - enfulhir, enfullir</a><br /></span><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fons-aforar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fons - aforar</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-forbir-septiforme.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Forbir - septiforme</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-formiga-formigueiar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Formiga - formigueiar</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-formir-furmir-fromir.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Formir - furmir - fromir</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fornir-fors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fornir - fors</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-forsa-treforsar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Forsa - treforsar</a><a href="Forsa - treforsar" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><br /></a><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-fortuna-fraissher.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fortuna - fraissher</a><a href="Fortuna - fraissher" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><br /></a><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-franc-defraudar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Franc - defraudar</a><br /><br /></span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/03/lexique-roman-freg-freit-confricacio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Freg - freit - confricacio</a><br /><br /><br /><br /></span></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comProvenza, Francia44.0144936 6.211643815.704259763821156 -28.9446062 72.324727436178847 41.3678938tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-82825250348589936182024-01-16T01:16:00.000-08:002024-02-27T06:20:56.281-08:00Lexique roman; Castelh, castelhs, castels, castel, castell (+ Index)<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span>Castelh, s. m., lat. castellum (</span><a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2023/02/testamentum-jacobi-i-regis-aragonum-mcclxi-1241.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castrum</a><span>), château.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(N. E. Variantes de Catalunha, con o sin h, <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/12/aco-es-memorial-kalendari-coses-fetes-passades-johan-buada.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cathalunya</a>, Catalugna, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-cinquieme-appendice-biographies.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cataluenha</a>, Catalunhia, <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2023/02/bovaticum-catalonia-1275-pedro-iii.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Catalonia</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/11/19-de-marzo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Chastelongne</a>; castelh, castell, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2024/01/lexique-roman-b.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">châtelain</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castellain</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castellan</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castellans</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=castellano" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castellano</a>, castellana, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">catalán</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">catalana</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chastel</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">château</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=castillo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=castillos" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillos</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/sumaria-contra-conde-urgel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castiello</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/02/xviii-perg-445-jaime-i-2-febrero-1231.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castiellos</a>, etc.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo castel de Berengs, n' el castel de Causac n' el <a href="http://www.chateaudemontaigu.eu/accueil" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castel de Monteacuto</a>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-1-appendice-manuscrits.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Titre de 960</a>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le château de Bereng, et le <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Les_Vieux_papiers_du_ch%C3%A2teau_de_Cauzac.html?id=Zs8nAAAAYAAJ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">château de Causac</a> et le <a href="http://www.chateaudemontaigu.eu/accueil" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">château de Montaigu</a>. (<a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/12/tomo-13-apendice-de-documentos-41-50.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Montagut</a>)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Luenh es lo castelhs e la tors</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ont elha jay e son maritz.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G. Rudel: Pro ai del.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Loin est le château et la tour où elle couche et son mari.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fig. La servela es castels e bailieus que tot a en garda.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Liv. de Sydrac, fol. 34.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La cervelle est le château et le gouverneur qui a tout en garde.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Qui à un sien chastel estoit.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman du châtelain de Couci, v. 4061.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En vostre chastel du Louvre... Se sauvèrent de chastel en chastel.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Monstrelet, p. 120 et 170.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. ESP. Cercaron à Anchira un castiello.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poema de Alexandro, cop, 793.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. (chap.) Castell. ESP. Castillo. PORT. IT. Castello.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">2. Castelet, s. m., petit château, châtelet.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pren castels e vilas e borcs e casteletz.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guillaume de Tudela.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et prend châteaux et villes et bourgs et châtelets.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Li dus tel chastelet i fist.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de Rou, v. 8608.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. (chap.) Castellet. ESP. Castillete (castillito). IT. Castelletto.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">3. Caslar, s. m., château-fort, tertre, éminence.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un bel caslar en mieg d'un plan cambo.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born: Pus Ventedorn.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un beau château-fort au milieu d'un vallon uni.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo qual caslar es pausat en las apartenensas del castel de Belcastel.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tit. de 1295. DOAT, t. CXXXIX, fol. 125.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lequel château-fort est posé dans les appartenances du château de- Belcastel. (<i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@TheBeauChateau" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beau-château</a></i>)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vic las forcas dreytas de costa un caslar.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roman de Fierabras, v. 3081.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et il vit les fourches droites à côté d'une éminence.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">4. Castelar, s. m., bourg, château-fort.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l caslar e 'l castelar.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tit. de 1248. Arch. du Roy., J, 323.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et le château-fort et le bourg.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">5. Castellat, adj., fortifié, qui est en forme de château.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Era mot fortment torrada et castelada.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De corona castelada et torrelada.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Eluc. de las propr., fol. 166 et 157.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Elle était fortement tourelée et fortifiée.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De couronne en forme de château et tourelée.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">6. Castellania, s. f., châtellenie.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bayliadges, castellanias.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tit. de 1373. DOAT, t. CXXXV, fol. 84.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bailliages, châtellenies,</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dins la castellania et dins lo destret de la baronia de Milhau.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tit. de 1310. DOAT, t. CLXXIX, fol. 110.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dans la châtellenie et dans le district de la baronnie de Milhau.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. ESP. (chap. castellanía) IT. Castellania.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">7. Castellan, s. m., châtelain. (N. E. catalán, castellán, castellano)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fo un gentils castelas del comtat de Rossilhon.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de Guillaume de Cabestaing.<br />(N. E. Guillem de Cabestany, catalán, - muerte en 1212.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fut un gentil châtelain du comté de Roussillon.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrans de Born si fo un castellans de l'evescat de Peiregors.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V. de Bertrand de Born.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born fut un châtelain de l'évêché de Périgord.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ANC. FR. Lors absolst le castellain.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chronique de Cambrai.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAT. (chap) <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Castellá</a> (castellà). ESP. Castellán (sin tilde en los documentos antiguos). PORT. <a href="https://semanaacademica.org.br/artigo/marketing-digital-o-poder-de-influencia-das-redes-sociais-na-decisao-de-compra-do-consumidor" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Castellão</a>. IT. Castellano.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.vivino.com/US/es/campolargo-castellao/w/1841557" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Castellão" border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="375" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmfWHi0cN2O7DeStSSJ23S7Pi9taW1taGmAzmWv79mSghOw-oKe6QvNHmHG55JWFO-KMApUJkIICCDhds3CreacJxw-zN1WLo3K06tdJTVtTdvBui45F060geLrU1aH6LrURCW8znsNGqQT_Jdx0e9AISHRUNa25jAxyPrfpXrjjIuBbT07aNuolQIyYw/w300-h400/castellao.jpg" title="Castellão" width="300" /></a></span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">// Index:<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ab.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ab</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ac.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ac</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ad-adait.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ad</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ae-af-aer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - ae - af</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/lexique-roman-ag-aganda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; 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font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-esponcio-esporge.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - esponcio - esporge</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-esporle-escumar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - esporle - escumar</a><br /></span><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-esquelha-esquella-assaget.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - esquelha - esquella - assaget</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-esser.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - esser</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-essil-estalvar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - essil - estalvar</a><br /><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-estam-estanhar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - estam - estanhar</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-estar-istar-star.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - estar - istar - star</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-estat-costellatio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - estat - costellatio</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-estenher-estoc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - estenher - estoc</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-estoci-estradier.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - estoci - estradier</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-etat-edat-arcivescal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - etat - edat - arcivescal</a><br /><br /></span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-evol-exemplificatiu.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - evol - exemplificatiu</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-exsequias-exequias-eya.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - exsequias - exequias - eya</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-fabla-faula.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lexique roman - fabla, faula</a></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-fabre-faidir.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">lexique roman - fabre - faidir</span></a></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2024/02/lexique-roman-faina-falgueira.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">lexique roman - faina - falgueira</span></a></div></div><div><br /></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-89798103607905229022023-09-25T12:38:00.013-07:002024-01-03T16:09:49.312-08:00La lengua romance, langue romane, Raynouard, troubadours.<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">François-Juste-Marie Raynouard</span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Choix des poésies originales des <b>troubadours</b>.<br /><br />Par M. Raynouard,<br />membre de l' Institut Royal de France (Acad. Française, et Acad. des inscriptions et belles-lettres), officier de la légion d' honneur.</span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Contenant<br />Les Preuves historiques de l' ancienneté de la <b>Langue romane</b>; - Des Recherches sur l' origine et la formation de cette langue; les Éléments de sa grammaire, avant l' an 1000; - La Grammaire de la langue des <b>Troubadours</b>.<br /><br />A Paris,<br />De l' imprimerie de <a href="https://www.unostiposduros.com/grandes-maestros-de-la-tipografia-firmin-didot/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Firmin Didot</a>,<br />imprimeur du Roi, et de l' Institut, Rue Jacob, N° 24.<br />1816.<br /><br />Introduction contenant les <b>preuves historiques</b> de l' ancienneté de la <b>langue romane</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les <b>poésies originales des Troubadours</b>, écrites en <b>langue romane</b>, seraient publiées presque sans utilité, si une grammaire détaillée n' expliquait en même temps les principes et le mécanisme de cet <b>idiôme</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Rassembler les traditions historiques et les preuves matérielles qui attestent l' existence de la langue romane à des époques très reculées, remonter à son origine et à sa formation, offrir les éléments de sa </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;">grammaire avant l' an 1000, et donner enfin les règles complettes de cette langue perfectionnée et fixée dans les ouvrages des Troubadours, tels sont les travaux préliminaires qui rempliront ce premier volume de la collection intitulée: Choix des poésies originales des Troubadours.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sans doute ce titre ne paraîtra point déplacé à la tête même du premier volume, puisque les différents passages cités dans les exemples de la grammaire offriront déja <b>plus de deux mille vers</b> de ces anciens poëtes.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' existence de la <b>langue romane</b> paraît dater du commencement de la monarchie française (1).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dès ce temps reculé, les auteurs distinguent la <b>langue romane</b>, et la <b>langue francique</b> ou <b><a href="https://klexikon.zum.de/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">théotisque</a></b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jacques Meyer, dans ses annales de Flandres, parle en ces termes du choix qu'on fit de saint Mommolin pour évêque de Tournay.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"L' an 665, mourut saint Éloi, évêque de Tournai…</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mommolin fut choisi pour lui succéder, parce que c' était un homme d' une très sainte vie, qui savait la <b>langue romane</b> aussi-bien que la <b>théotisque</b><span>.”</span> (2)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les monuments qui appartiennent à l' histoire de France, nous montrent à l' époque du règne de <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Charlemagne</a> quelques vestiges de l' <b>idiôme roman</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(1) On a souvent répété la citation suivante, faite par <b><a href="http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ducange</a></b> dans la préface de son <b><a href="http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Glossaire</a></b>, n° XIII.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Romani etiam qui in Galliis habitabant, ita ut nec reliquiæ ibi inveniuntur, exterminati sunt. Videtur mihi indè <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/07/7-3-anciennete-progrez-nostre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Francos</a>, qui in Galliis morantur, a <b>Romanis linguam</b> eorum, quâ <b>usque hodie utuntur</b>, accommodasse. Nam alii, qui circà <u><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rhenum</a></u> ac in <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Sprache" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Germaniâ</a> remanserunt, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hEXYJJAxIvU" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Teutonicâ</b> <b>linguâ</b></a> utuntur.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quæ autem lingua eis antè naturalis fuerit ignoratur."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Luitprand</b>. lib. 4. cap. 21.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais ce passage <b>ne se trouve point</b> dans les <a href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1948_num_107_1_460316_t1_0108_0000_000" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">œuvres de Luitprand</a>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(2)."665. <a href="http://ctlf.ens-lyon.fr/volumes/5202_fra_Raynouard_01_1816.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Obiit D. <u>Eligius</u></a> Tornacensis episcopus… Suffectus est episcopus</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">in locum ejus <u>Momolenus</u>, propterea quod vir esset sanctissimæ vitæ, qui <b>romanam</b> non minus quam <b>Teutonicam</b> calleret <b>linguam</b>."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Commentarii_sive_Annales_rerum_Flandrica.html?id=WklFRAAACAAJ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Meyer. Annal. Flandr.</a> p. 6.<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En deux endroits des litanies Carolines, qu'on chantait alors dans les églises, le répons du peuple était en cet <b>idiôme</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quand le clergé chantait: Sancta Maria, etc.,</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">le peuple répondait à chaque fois: Ora pro <b>nos</b>. (lat. <a href="https://elfarodeceuta.es/ora-pro-nobis-germinal-castillo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ora pro nobis</a>)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quand le clergé priait pour le pape, pour Charlemagne, ou pour quelque prince de sa famille, etc., le peuple répondait à chaque fois: <b>Tu lo juva</b> (1:<br />Sancta Maria, ora pro nos.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancte Cherubin, ora pro nos.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancte Seraphin, ora pro nos.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancte Petre, ora pro nos.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Adriano summo pontifice, etc. vita:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Redemptor mundi, tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancte Petre, tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Karolo excellentissimo et a Deo coronato, etc. vita et victoria:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Salvator mundi, tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancte Joannis, tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pipino et Karolo nobilissimis filiis ejus, vita, etc. tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pipino rege <span>Langobardorum</span>, vita, etc. tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chlodovio rege Aquitanorum, vita, etc. tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Omnibus judicibus et cuncto exercitui Francorum, vita et victoria:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancte Remegii, tu lo juva.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>Marillon, Analecta vetera, p. 170.)<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De ces six mots, que présentent les deux répons, <b>LO</b> appartient incontestablement à la <b>langue romane</b>, comme troisième personne du pronom personnel masculin au singulier; et <b>NOS</b> comme première personne indéclinable du même pronom au pluriel.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les deux verbes <b>ora</b> et <b>juva</b>, ainsi que le pronom personnel <b>tu</b>, sont restés dans cette langue sans modification.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le mot <b>tu</b> est très remarquable: jamais la langue latine ne l' a employé dans des litanies; c' est donc une tournure particulière.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dans le <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43626002" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">serment de 842</a>, cet ancien monument si souvent cité et réimprimé, on voit <b>pro</b> employé dans le même sens primitif de <b>pour</b>, comme une préposition alors en usage dans la <b>langue romane</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Même avant le siècle de Charlemagne, on rencontre, dans les historiens étrangers, quelques indices qui peuvent s' appliquer à cet idiôme.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vers la fin du VIe siècle, Commentiolus, général de l' empereur Maurice, faisait la guerre contre Chagan, roi des Huns. L' armée de Commentiolus étant en marche pendant la nuit, tout-à-coup un mulet renversa sa charge. Le soldat à qui appartenait ce bagage était déja très éloigné; ses compagnons le rappellèrent à cris réitérés: <b>torna, torna, fratre, retorna</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entendant cet avis de retourner, les troupes de Commentiolus crurent être surprises par l' ennemi, et s' enfuirent en répétant tumultuairement les mêmes cris. Le bruit en parvint jusqu' à l' armée de Chagan, et elle en prit une telle épouvante, qu' aussitôt elle s' abandonna à la fuite la plus précipitée. Ainsi ces deux armées fuyaient en même temps, sans que l' une ni l' autre fut poursuivie. Les historiens qui ont transmis le souvenir de cet événement, et qui ont conservé en <b>lettres grecques</b> les paroles que prononçaient les soldats de Commentiolus, assurent que ces mots, <b>torna, torna, fratre, retorna</b>, étaient de la langue de leur pays (1: Τῇ πατρώᾳ φωνῇ· Τόρνα, τόρνα φράτρε.<br />Theophan. Chronographia, fol. 218.<br />Éπιχωρίῳ τε γλώττῃ… ἄλλος ἄλλῳ, ῥετόρνα.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Theophylact. Hist. lib. 2, c. 15. - Histor. miscel. lib. 17.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si ces légers vestiges de l' idiôme roman, trouvés dans des lieux et dans des temps si éloignés, nous offrent quelque intérêt, combien cet intérêt augmentera-t-il, quand nous pourrons croire que ces guerriers étaient <b>Francs</b>, ou <b>Goths</b> habitant les <u>provinces méridionales</u> de la France?<br />Je présenterai à ce sujet deux conjectures.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La première, c' est que Théophylacte, Hist. lib. 6, cap. 3, parle d' un traité conclu entre les Francs et l' empereur Maurice, pour faire la guerre contre Chagan: "Bessus et Bertus, dit-il, envoyés des <b>Celtibériens</b>, aujourd'hui appelés <b>Francs</b>, sont dans la ville. <b>Théodoric</b>, prince de cette nation, traitait avec l' empereur d' un tribut pour s' unir aux Romains, à l' effet de faire la guerre contre Chagan…” Quoique ce traité soit postérieur d' environ quinze ans, il est sans doute permis d' admettre qu' il existait, entre l' empereur et les Francs, des relations qui avaient précédemment amené des guerriers Francs dans l' armée de l' empereur d' Orient contre Chagan.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La seconde, c' est que ces guerriers pouvaient être des Goths, qui habitaient alors le nord de l' Espagne et le midi de la France.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le même général Commentiolus, qui commandait l' armée de Maurice contre Chagan, avait fait la guerre aux <a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/histoire-des-revolutions-d-despagne--texto-impreso-depuis-la-destruction-de-lempire-des-goths-jusqua-lentiere--parfaite-reunion-des-royaumes-de-castille--darragon-en-une-seule-monarchie-0/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Goths d' Espagne</a>; il avait repris sur eux <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthag%C3%A8ne_(Espagne)" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carthagène</a>, et il y avait résidé quelque temps, ainsi que l' atteste l' inscription suivante trouvée à Carthagène, et rapportée dans l' España Sacra, t. V, p. 75.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quisquis ardua turrium miraris culmina</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vestibulumq. urbis duplici porta firmatum (vestibulumque)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dextra levaq. binos positos arcos (levaque)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quibus superum ponitur camera curba convexaq. (convexaque)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><u>Comitiolus</u> sic hæc fieri jussit <u>patricius</u></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Missus a <u>Mauricio</u> aug. contra hoste barbaro</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Magnus virtute magister mil. <b>Spaniæ</b></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sic semper <b>Spania</b> tali rectore lætetur</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dum poli rotantur dumq. sol circuit orbem. (dumque)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ann. VIII, aug. ind. VIII. (Anno VIII aug., indictione VIII.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Il est donc très vraisemblable que des Goths, vers cette époque, aient servi dans les armées commandées par Commentiolus, lorsqu' il </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;">faisait la guerre à <a href="https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/3333/1/Modi_History%20of%20the%20Huns.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Chagan</a>.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les mots de ces fragments sont conformes aux règles de la syntaxe romane, et ils s' accordent avec le style du serment de 842, où l' on trouve <b>fradre</b> employé comme <b>fratre</b> dans Théophane, et <b>returnar</b> à l' infinitif, comme <b>retorna</b> à l' impératif dans Théophylacte, quoique <u>ce verbe n' existât point dans la langue latine</u>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Notre historien Aimoin rapporte (1) un fait bien plus difficile à expliquer.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>"Justinien, dit-il, devient empereur. Aussitôt il rassemble une armée contre les barbares; il part, leur livre bataille, les met en fuite, et il a le plaisir de faire leur roi prisonnier; l' ayant fait asseoir à côté de lui sur un trône, il lui commande de restituer les provinces enlevées à l' empire; le </span></span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">roi répond: Je ne les donnerai point: NON, </span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">INQUIT</span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">, DABO; à quoi Justinien réplique: <a href="https://context.reverso.net/traduccion/frances-espanol/donneras" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tu les donneras</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2021/10/glosario-ramon-lull-r.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">DARAS</a>.”</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(1: Ce mot <b>daras</b> est entièrement <b>roman</b>. Voy. page 71.).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je n' attache point à ces diverses circonstances, ni aux conjectures qu'on peut en tirer, plus d' importance qu' elles n' en méritent, mais peut-être n' ai-je pas dû les omettre.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un monument qui appartient plus directement à l' histoire de la langue romane, c' est l' ordonnance qu' <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alboacem, fils de Mahomet Alhamar, fils de Tarif</a>, publia en <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">734</a>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ce prince régnait à <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Coimbre</a>; son ordonnance permit aux chrétiens l' exercice de leur culte, à certaines conditions, et fut sur-tout favorable aux moines Bénédictins de <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lorban</a>; elle fut rédigée en <b>latin</b>, mais il s' y trouve quelques mots qui prouvent l' existence actuelle de la <b>langue romane</b> (2 – N. E. Voire le final de la introduction), tels que <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">E</a></b>, et, conjonction; <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">esparte</a></b>, répand; <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pecten</a></b>, <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">peiten</a></b>, payent; <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">peche</a></b>, paye; <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cent</a></b>, cent; <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">apres</a></b>, auprès; <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">acolhenza</a></b>, accueil.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On ne sera donc pas surpris de ce qu' un auteur, qui écrivait vers 950, <b>Luitprand</b>, racontant des faits historiques relatifs à l' an 728, atteste qu' alors la <b>langue romane</b> existait dans une partie de l' <span><b>Espagne</b></span>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses expressions sont très remarquables:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">“<span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>DCCXXVIII. En ce temps furent en Espagne dix langues, comme sous Auguste et sous Tibère.<br />1° L' <b>ancienne langue Espagnole</b>; 2° la <b><a href="https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/320?lang=es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue Cantabre</a></b>; 3° la <b>langue Grecque</b>; 4° la <b>langue Latine</b>; 5° la <b>langue Arabe</b>; 6° la <b>langue Chaldaïque</b>; 7° la <b>langue Hébraïque</b>; 8° la <b>langue Celtibérienne</b>; 9° la <b><a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue Valencienne</a></b>; 10° la <b><a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2020/09/och-hoc-oc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue Catalane</a></b><span>”.</span><br />(1: "DCCXXVIII. Eo tempore fuerunt in <b>Hispaniâ</b> decem linguæ, ut sub </span></span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Augusto</a> et <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiberio" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tiberio</a>. I </span><b>Vêtus Hispana</b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; II </span><b><a href="https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/europe/espagne-cantabrie.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cantabrica</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; III </span><b><a href="https://brauliofoz.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Græca</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; IV </span><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/capitulo-xxi.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Latina</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; V </span><b><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_%C3%A1rabe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arabica</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; VI </span><b><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_arameas" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Kaldæa</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; VII </span><b><a href="http://gizra.github.io/CDL-ES/pages/016140EA-7FBC-4959-0C2E-4C0F883530AD/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hebrea</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; VIII </span><b><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_celt%C3%ADbero" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Celtiberica</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; IX </span><b><a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valentina</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; X </span><b><a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2020/09/och-hoc-oc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cathalaunica</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">; de quibus in <a href="https://tiresiotermestino.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/geografia-de-estrabon-libro-iii.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III lib. </a></span><b><a href="https://tiresiotermestino.blog/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/geografia-de-estrabon-libro-iii.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Strabo</a></b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">, ubi docet plures fuisse litterarum formas et </span><b>linguas in Hispanis</b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Luitprandi</b> Ticin. Episc. Chronicon, p. 372, éd. de 1640, fol.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><u>Ces deux dernières étaient la langue romane même</u>; on aura, dans le cours de cet ouvrage, l' occasion de s' en convaincre<br />(2: Voici à ce sujet quelques autorités:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dans son histoire de Valence, <a href="https://bivaldi.gva.es/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=9357" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gaspard Escolano</a> s' exprime ainsi:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"La tercera… Lengua maestra de las de España, es la <a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2019/12/ecrire-occitan-essai-presentation-synthese.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lemosina</a>, y mas general que todas… Por ser la que se hablava en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/coronacion-pedro-ii-roma-papa-inocencio-iii.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Proenza</a>, y toda la <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyena" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guiayna</a>, y la Francia Gotica, y la que agora se habla en el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/02/23-de-junio-capitulos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">principado de Cataluna</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/antonio-ubieto-arteta.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reyno de Valencia</a>, islas de <a href="https://regnemallorca.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mallorca</a>, <a href="https://regnemallorca.blogspot.com/search?q=Menorca" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Minorca</a>, etc."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gasp. Escolano. Hist. de Valencia, part. I, lib. I, cap. 14, num. 1.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nicolas Antonio dit de même:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Ut enim veteres <b>Provincialis linguæ seu Valentinæ</b> poetas."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nic. Antonio. Bibl. Hisp. vet. præf. t. I, num. 26.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Elucubravit ipse <a href="https://jaime-i-conquistador.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jacobus I, Aragoniæ rex</a>, <b>vernacula</b> gentis, hoc est</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>provinciali</b> ut vocant <b>linguâ</b>, quæ tam in <b><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/01/la-rosada-del-mati-viernes-de-hermandad.html " rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cataloniæ</a></b>, quam in <b><a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valentiæ</a></b>, nec non in <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/jaime-i-concebido-gracias-treta-estratagema.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Montis-Pesulani</a></b>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/jaime-i-concebido-gracias-treta-estratagema.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">unde <u>Maria fuit regis mater</u></a>, ditionibus in usu fuit, rerum tempore suo gestarum historiam."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><a href="http://www.uco.es/servicios/ucopress/silem/buscador/visualizar-titulo.php?filtro=CAN3001.REP0578.1769.DIEZE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Nic. Antonio. Bibl. Hisp. vet.</a> t. II, fol. 49, num. 144.)<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dans quelques titres qui concernent l' histoire d' Italie, on trouve pareillement, aux VIIIe et IXe siècles, des mots qui indiquent l' existence de la langue romane, tels que:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>corre</b>, il court (1); <b>avent</b>, ayant (2); <b>ora</b>, à-présent (3), etc.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A ces preuves matérielles, qui ne laissent aucun doute sur l' existence de la <b>langue romane en Italie</b> pendant les VIIIe et IXe siècles, je joindrai un témoignage bien précis, celui de Gonzon, savant Italien, qui écrivait, vers l' an 960: "C' est à tort que le moine de Saint-Gal a cru que j' ignorais la science de la grammaire, quoique je sois quelquefois arrêté par l' usage de notre <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/lxxxii-reg-1890-fol-131-20-mar-1387.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue vulgaire</a></b>, qui <b>approche</b> du latin (4)."<br />(1) An 730. Murat. diss. 33.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(2) An 816. Murat. diss. 33.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(3) An 730. Cod. diplom. toscano, t. I, p. 366.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(4) "Falso putavit S. Galli monachus me remotum a scientiâ grammaticæ artis, licet aliquando retarder usu <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/dels-panicers-majors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nostræ</a> <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/lxxxii-reg-1890-fol-131-20-mar-1387.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vulgaris linguæ</a></b> quæ <b>latinitati</b> vicina est." Martène, Vet. Script. ampl. Collect. t. I, col. 298.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' usage de cette langue vulgaire ne pouvait être un obstacle, qu' autant qu' elle était parlée journellement.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' épitaphe du pape Grégoire V, décédé à la fin du même siècle, atteste qu' il parlait bien la <b>langue vulgaire</b>:<br />"Bruno, de la race royale des Francs, usant de l' <b>idiôme francique</b>, de l' <b>idiôme vulgaire</b>, et de l' <b>idiôme latin</b>, enseigna les peuples en ces trois langages.” (1:<br />Ante tamen Bruno, Francorum regia proles...<br />Usus <u>francisca</u>, <b>vulgari</b>, et voce latina,</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Instituit populos eloquio triplici.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fontanini, della Eloquenza italiana, p. 15.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Francisca</b> signifie <b>francique, théotisque</b>.)<br /><br />Quant à la France, des preuves positives attestent l' usage général de la langue romane au VIIIe siècle.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il existe deux vies de saint Adhalard, abbé de Corbie, né vers l' an 750.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' une et l' autre font mention de cet idiôme.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un disciple d' Adhalard, Paschase Ratbert, qui a écrit la première vie, a dit: "Parlait-il la <b>langue vulgaire</b>? ses paroles coulaient avec douceur; parlait-il la <u>langue barbare</u>, appelée <u>théotisque</u>? il brillait par l' éloquence de la charité”. (2: "Quem si <b>vulgò</b> audisses, dulcifluus emanabat; si vero idem <u>barbarâ</u>, quam <b>teutiscam</b> dicunt, <b>linguâ</b> loqueretur, præeminebat caritatis eloquio." Bolland. Acta Sanct. Januar. t. I, p. 109.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gérard de Corbie, qui a écrit la seconde vie, raconte les mêmes circonstances en termes plus exprès:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"S' il parlait en <b>langue vulgaire</b>, c' est-à-dire, <b>romane</b>, on eût dit qu' il ne savait que celle-là; s' il parlait en <u>langue theutonique</u>, il brillait encore</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>plus”. (3: "Qui si <b>vulgari</b>, id est, <b>romanâ linguâ</b>, loqueretur, omnium aliarum putaretur inscius; nec mirum, erat denique in omnibus liberaliter educatus; si verò <b>theutonicâ</b>, enitebat perfectius." Bolland. Acta Sanct. Januar. t. I, p. 116.)<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En 714, un jeune sourd-muet de naissance avait été guéri miraculeusement au tombeau de saint Germain de Paris. D' après l' historien contemporain, ce jeune garçon répéta facilement les mots qu' il entendit prononcer; et non-seulement il apprit en peu de temps à parler parfaitement la langue <b>rustique</b>, mais il fut bientôt en état d' étudier les lettres (1: "Unde factum est ut, tam auditu quam locutione, in brevi non solum ipsam <b>rusticam linguam</b> perfectè loqueretur, sed etiam litteras, in ipsâ ecclesiâ clericus effectus, discere cœpit."<br />Ducange Gloss. præf. n. XIII.).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ici se place un fait très important, qui sert à prouver que la <b>langue romane</b> était la <b>langue vulgaire</b> de tous les peuples qui obéissaient à Charlemagne dans le midi de l' Europe; et l' on sait que sa domination s' étendait sur tout le midi de la France, sur une partie de l' Espagne, et sur l' Italie presque entière.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sous son règne, un espagnol malade, pour s' être imprudemment baigné dans l' Ebre, visitait les églises de France, d' Italie, et d' Allemagne, implorant sa guérison. Il arriva jusqu' à Fulde dans la Hesse (N. E. Fulda, Hessen), au tombeau de sainte Liobe.<br />(2: "Alter erat de Hispaniâ qui, peccatis exigentibus, pœnæ tali addictus est, ut horribiliter quateretur tremore omnium membrorum. Cujus passionis incommodum, sicut ipse retulit, in <u>Ibero flumine</u> contraxit; in quâ deformitate oculos civium suorum non sustinens, ubicumque ei ire visum est, per diversa sancta locorum vagabatur. Peragrata itaque omni Gallia atque Italia, Germaniam ingressus est… Fuldam venit… Cryptam occidentalem, super quam corpus S. Bonifacii martyris quiescit, ingressus est, ac prostratus in oratione…. Quod cernens vir venerandus Firmadus presbyter et monachus… Interea subito surrexit homo et non tremebat, quia sanatus erat. Interrogatus ergo a presbytero (quoniam linguæ ejus, eo quòd esset italus, notitiam habebat), retulit se per excessum mentis, etc."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vita S. Liobae. - Mabillon, act. SS. Bened. secul. III, pars II, p. 258.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mabillon observe que cette vie a été écrite par Rodulfe avant que les reliques de sainte Liobe eussent été transportées par Raban Maur au mont Saint-Pierre.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rodulfe, prêtre et moine du couvent de Fulde, très savant dans toutes les sciences, historien et poëte, mourut le VIII des ides de mars 865, selon l' histoire de Pierre le bibliothécaire, ou 866, selon Duchesne, Hist. Franc. Script.).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le malade obtint sa guérison; un prêtre l' interrogea, et l' Espagnol lui répondit.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Comment purent-ils s' entendre?</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' est, dit l' historien contemporain, que le prêtre, à cause qu' il était italien, connaissait la langue de l' Espagnol: "Quoniam linguae ejus, eo quod esset italus, notitiam habebat."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' histoire nous fournit plusieurs faits qui permettent d' assurer que, sous le règne de Charlemagne, l' <b>idiôme roman</b> avait prévalu comme <b>idiôme vulgaire</b> sur la <u>langue latine</u>, et même que cette langue n' était plus comprise par le plus grand nombre des Français.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En 787, ce prince fut dans la nécessité d' appeler de Rome quelques grammairiens, pour rétablir en France l' enseignement de la langue latine (1: "<a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carolus</a> iterum a Roma artis <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">grammaticæ</a> et <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">computatoriæ</a> magistros secum adduxit in Franciam, et ubique <u><a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">studium litterarum</a></u> expandere jussit. <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ante ipsum enim domnum regem Carolum</a>, in Galliâ <u><a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/08/9-4-opinion-erronee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nullum studium</a></u> fuerat liberalium artium." Vit. Karol. Magn. Per Monach. Egolism.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un fait bien décisif, c' est qu' Eginhard, historien de Charlemagne, s' excuse, en quelque sorte, d' écrire sa vie en latin:<br />(2: "En tibi librum præclarissimi et maximi viri memoriam continentem, in quo præter illius facta, non est quod admireris, nisi forte quod <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/artur-quintana-arturo-quintana.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">homo <u>barbarus</u></a>, et <u>romana locutione</u> perparum exercitatus, aliquid me decenter aut commodè <u>latinè</u> scribere posse putaverim." Eginh. Vit. Carol.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Voici, dit-il, l' ouvrage que je consacre à la mémoire de ce très grand et très illustre prince; vous serez surpris que moi, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/artur-quintana-arturo-quintana.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">homme <u>barbare</u></a>, et peu</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">exercé dans la <b>langue romaine</b>, j' aie espéré écrire en <b>latin</b> avec quelque politesse et quelque facilité."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si Eginhard, secrétaire et chancelier de Charlemagne, manifeste des craintes sur son style latin, s' il se nomme <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/artur-quintana-arturo-quintana.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">barbare</a>, c' est que <b>la langue latine n' étant point parlée vulgairement</b> à la <b>cour</b>, il n' avait pas la</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">certitude que son style fut exempt de fautes; en effet, l' <b>idiôme francique</b> était la <b>langue vulgaire</b> à Aix-la-Chapelle (N. E. Aachen, Aquisgrán), et dans le nord de l' empire, tandis qu' à Paris, et dans le midi de l' empire, la <b>langue vulgaire</b> c' était l' <b>idiôme roman</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enfin, si la langue latine, qui restait toujours celle de la religion et du gouvernement, n' avait cessé d' être la <b>langue du peuple</b>, l' historien de Louis-le-Débonnaire aurait-il cru faire de ce prince un véritable éloge, en disant qu' il parlait la langue latine, aussi bien que sa <b>langue naturelle</b><span>?</span><b> </b><span>(1: "</span><span><span>Latinam</span></span><span> vero sicut naturalem æqualiter loqui poterat."</span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Theganus, de Gestis Ludov. pii.)</span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Au commencement du IXe siècle, divers conciles furent assemblés en différents lieux de l' empire de Charlemagne, pour rétablir la discipline ecclésiastique; ceux de Tours et de Rheims, tenus en 813, décidèrent que l' instruction religieuse devait être mise à la portée du peuple.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quoiqu'on ait cité souvent l' article XVII des actes du concile de Tours, je crois indispensable de le traduire ici en entier:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Il a paru à notre Unité que chaque évêque devait avoir des homélies contenant les admonitions nécessaires à l' instruction des fidèles, c' est-à-dire, sur la foi catholique, selon qu' ils en pourront comprendre, sur l' éternelle récompense des bons, et l' éternelle damnation des méchants, sur la résurrection future, et le jugement dernier, enfin sur la nature des œuvres par lesquelles on peut mériter la vie éternelle ou en être exclu. Que chaque évêque <b>traduise</b> publiquement ces <b>homélies</b> en <b>langue rustique romane</b> ou <b>théotisque</b>, de manière que tous puissent comprendre ces prédications."<br />(1: "Visum est unitati nostræ ut quisque episcopus habeat <b>homilias</b> continentes necessarias admonitiones quibus subjecti erudiantur; id est de fide catholicâ, pro ut capere possint, de perpetuâ retributione bonorum, et æternâ damnatione malorum, de resurrectione quoque futurâ, et ultimo judicio, et quibus operibus possit promereri vita beata quibusve excludi; et ut easdem homilias quisque apertè <b>transferre</b> studeat in <b>rusticam romanam linguam aut theotiscam</b>, quo faciliùs cuncti possint intelligere quæ dicuntur." Labbe. Concil. t. VII, col. 1263.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>D' après Borel et Pasquier, on a souvent répété que les actes du concile d' Arles de 751 contiennent un passage semblable; mais c' est une erreur.)<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' article XV des actes du concile de Rheims porte:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Les évêques doivent prêcher les sermons et les homélies, selon la langue propre aux auditeurs, afin que tous puissent les comprendre<br />(2: "Ut episcopi sermones et homilias sanctorum patrum, prout omnes</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">intelligere possint, <b>secundum proprietatem linguæ</b>, prædicare studeant." Labbe Concil. t. VII, col. 1256.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Charlemagne publia, la même année 813, un capitulaire dont l' article XV prononce:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Les prêtres doivent prêcher de manière que le <u>simple peuple</u>, <b>vulgaris</b> <b>populus</b>, puisse comprendre, intelligere possit.” (3: De officio prædicatorum: "Ut juxta, quod bene vulgaris populus intelligere possit, assiduè fiat." Capit. Reg. Franc. An 813.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selon les conciles et les capitulaires, l' instruction religieuse se faisant en <b>langue vulgaire</b>, le peuple devint bientôt entièrement étranger à la <u>langue latine</u>; aussi lui en défendit-on l' usage dans les actes religieux</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">qui exigent une profession de foi. L' art. LV des capitulaires recueillis par Hérard, archevêque de Tours, et publiés dans un synode tenu en 858, porte:."Que nulles personnes ne seront admises à tenir un enfant sur les fonts baptismaux, si elles ne savent et ne comprennent, dans <b>leur langue</b>, l' oraison dominicale et le symbole. Il faut, dit cet article, connaître l' obligation qu'on aura contractée envers Dieu.”<br />(1: "Ut nemo a sacro fonte aliquem suscipiat, nisi orationem dominicam et symbolum juxta linguam suam et intellectum teneat; et omnes intelligant pactum quod cum deo fecerunt." Capitul. t. I, col. 1289.).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il est hors de doute que, pour toute la partie méridionale de l' empire de Charlemagne, cette langue dans laquelle le peuple devait recevoir l' instruction religieuse, n' était autre que l' <b>idiôme roman</b>, dont <b>Nithard</b> nous a conservé un fragment précieux, en transcrivant les <b>serments</b> prononcés à Strasbourg l' an 842, par Louis-le-Germanique, et par les Français soumis à Charles-le-Chauve.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nithard nous a transmis en latin le discours que les deux princes prononcèrent, l' un en <b>langue romane</b>, l' autre en <b>langue théotisque</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le concile de Mayence, (Mainz, Maguntia) tenu en 847, porte à l' art. II</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">les dispositions semblables à l' art. XVII du concile de Tours de 813, et se sert des mêmes expressions (2: Seulement un mot a été omis, sans doute par l' inadvertance du copiste. Labbe. Concil. t. VIII, col. 42.).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' <b>idiôme roman du serment de 842</b> paraît encore très grossier; il ne présente pas l' emploi de l' article.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais il est très vraisemblable que, dans le midi de la France, le langage était déja épuré. Le poëme d' Abbon sur le siège de Paris par les Normands, en 885 et 886, félicite l' Aquitaine, c' est-à-dire, les <b>pays</b> de l' <u>autre côté de la Loire</u>, sur la pureté et la finesse de <u>la langue qu'on y parle</u>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Calliditate venis acieque, Aquitania, linguæ.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Abbo poem. lib. II, v. 471.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le traité de Coblentz (Koblenz, Coblenza), fait en 860 entre Louis-le-Germanique et Charles-le-Chauve, fut également publié en <b>langue théotisque ou francique</b>, et en <b>langue romane</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les Capitulaires en offrent la <u>traduction latine</u>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A la fin du traité on lit:<br />(1: "Hæc eadem domnus Karolus <b>romana linguâ</b> adnunciavit et eâ maximâ parte <b>linguâ Theodiscâ</b> recapitulavit.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Post hæc, domnus (Hludouuicus) Hludouvicus ad domnum Karolum fratrem suum <b>linguâ romana</b> dixit:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">“<span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>Nunc si vobis placet, vestrum verbum habere volo de illis hominibus qui</span></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">ad meam fidem venerunt."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et domnus Karolus, excelsâ voce, <b>linguâ romana</b> dixit:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Illis hominibus qui, etc."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et domnus Hlotarius <b>linguâ theodiscâ</b> eis suprà adnunciatis capitulis se</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">convenire dixit, et se observaturum illa promisit.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et tunc domnus Karolus iterum <b>linguâ romana</b> de pace convenit, et ut cum dei gratiâ sani et salvi irent, et ut eos sanos reviderent oravit, et adnuntiationibus finem imposuit." Cap. Reg. Franc. t. II, col. 144.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Charles proclama ce traité en <b>langue romane</b>, et en récapitula la plus grande partie en <b>langue théotisque</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Après quoi Louis dit à son frère Charles en <b>langue romane</b>: Maintenant, si cela vous plaît, je voudrais avoir votre parole au sujet de ceux qui</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">avaient pris les armes pour moi.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et Charles, d' une voix beaucoup plus élevée, proclama en <b>langue romane</b> l' amnistie demandée.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et Lothaire donna en <b>langue théotisque</b> son adhésion au traité, et Charles proclama encore la paix en <b>langue romane</b>."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ces monuments du IXe siècle peuvent-ils permettre de former le moindre doute sur le fait incontestable que la <b>langue romane</b> était alors dans la France la <b>langue vulgaire</b> du peuple et de l' armée?</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Le texte même de Nithard le déclare expressément, lorsqu' il dit au sujet des serments de 842:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Or le serment que chaque peuple de l' un et l' autre roi jura en <b>sa propre langue</b>, est ainsi en <b>langue romane</b>.”<br />(1: "Sacramentum autem quod utrorumque populus quique <u><span>propriâ linguâ</span></u><b> </b>testatus est, <b>romana linguâ</b> sic se habet.")</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A ces preuves historiques, qui ne laissent aucun doute sur l' <u>existence ancienne de la langue romane</u>, on peut ajouter des preuves matérielles:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Soit en recherchant les traces les plus reculées de l' emploi de l' <b>article</b> qui a été l' un des caractères innovateurs de cet <b>idiôme</b>; et le tableau que je présenterai à ce sujet démontrera l' emploi de l' article aux dates de 793, 810, 880, 886, 894, 924, 927, 930, 960, 994 (1: Voyez ci-après ce tableau, p. 43 et 44.);</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Soit en reconnaissant les noms propres qui, dans les ouvrages latins écrits à une époque ancienne, sont désignés par une dénomination purement <b>romane;</b> (2: Il est peu de nos chartes anciennes qui n' offrent quelques <b>noms de lieu</b> (N. E. toponimia) en <b>langue vulgaire</b>; une circonstance ajoute encore à la preuve qui résulte de l' évidence des noms appartenant à la <b>langue romane</b>, c' est que l' on trouve aussi un grand nombre de noms qui appartiennent à la <b>langue francique ou théotisque</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Voici quelques exemples pour la <b>langue romane</b>:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Charte de 713. "Locum de <b>Osne</b>."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Titre de 790. "Raymundus <b>Raphinel</b>…. Locum qui apellatur <b>Lumbe</b>…</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Super rivum <span><b>Save</b></span>…. Fiscum qui <b>Piscarias</b> dicitur…. Monasterio quod <b>Cesarion</b> dicitur." Gallia Christiana, Instr. Eccl. Lombariensis.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Titre de 806. "Villare quem dicunt <b>Stagnole</b>…. Villare quem vocant <b>Agre</b>…. In villa <b>Ulmes</b><span>.</span>" Hist. de Languedoc. Pr. t. I, col. 33.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Titre de 819. “Parrochiam de <b>Archavel</b>… <b>Orgollel</b>… <b>Encap</b>… <b>De</b> <b>Tost</b>…</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Palerols</b>… <b>De</b> <b>Noves</b>… <b>Banieres</b>… <b>Arches</b>… <b>Cortalb</b>… <b>Meranges</b>… <b>Balcebre</b>… <b>Macianers</b>… <b>Figols</b>… <b>Merles</b>… <b>Baien</b>… <b>Asnet</b>. Etc. etc."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>Append. March. Hisp.)<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Soit enfin en cherchant dans les écrits de la <b>basse latinité</b>, les traces de la réaction de la langue vulgaire sur la langue latine.<br />(3: An 782. "A tunc nos missi…. A tunc ipsi missi et judices…" Hist. de Languedoc. Pr. t. I, col. 25.<br />An 852. "Ad tunc nos…. Ad tunc ipse Ramnus asserens dixit…. Unde</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ramnus ad tunc hora præceptum imperiale et judicium ad relegendum ostendit… Ad tunc nos supradicti interrogavimus…. Ad tunc ipse Odilo se recognobit…."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hist. de Languedoc. Pr. t. I, col. 99.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An 833. "Ad contra responderunt." Muratori, diss. 70.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br />Je crois avoir prouvé d' une manière incontestable, et par les faits historiques et par les preuves matérielles, l' existence et l' ancienneté de la langue romane.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les monuments qu' offrent différents siècles et divers pays, démontrent avec la même évidence que l' <b>idiôme primitif</b> s' est <u>conservé et perfectionné</u> dans les écrits des <b>troubadours</b>, et dans le <b>langage des peuples</b> qui habitèrent le <b>midi de la France</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ce fait très certain avait été reconnu et attesté par de nombreux écrivains:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fauchet, dans son Recueil de l' origine de la Langue et Poésie Françoise, Ryme et <b>Romans</b>, liv. I, ch. 4, s' exprime en ces termes:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Or ne peut-on dire que la <b>langue de ces serments</b>, laquelle Nithard appelle <b>romaine</b>, soit vraiment <u>romaine</u>, j' entends <u>latine</u>, mais plutost pareille à celle dont usent à-présent les <b>Provençaux</b>, <b>Cathalans</b>, ou ceux du <b>Languedoc</b>… Il faut donc nécessairement conclure que ceste <b>langue Romaine</b>, entendue par les soldats du roi Charles-le-Chauve, estoit ceste <b>rustique romaine</b>, en laquelle Charles-le-Grand vouloit que les <b>omélies</b> preschées aux églises, fussent translatées, afin d' estre entendues par les <u>simples gens</u>, comme leur <b>langue maternelle</b>, aux prosnes et sermons….".</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Il reste à savoir pourquoi ceste <b>langue romaine rustique</b> a été <u>chassée outre Loire</u>…".</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cette dernière séparation de Hue Capet fut cause, et, à mon advis, apporta un plus grand changement; voire, si j' ose le dire, doubla la</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>langue romande</b>."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cazeneuve, dans un fragment qu' il a écrit sur cette matière, a dit:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Ces deux langues <b>teudisque</b> et <b>romaine</b> furent usitées dans les états de nos rois, jusqu' à ce que, par le partage fait entre les enfants de Louis-le-Débonnaire, le pays qui est maintenant sujet à la couronne de France échut à Charles-le-Chauve, et ce que nos rois avoient conquis en Allemagne échut à Louis son frère, avec le titre de roi de Germanie; car dès lors commença la division des deux langues, la <b>romaine</b> demeurant dans les <b>états de Charles-le-Chauve</b>, et la <b>teudisque</b> dans ceux de <b>Louis-le-Germanique</b>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cependant cette <b>langue romaine</b> souffrit en peu de temps un notable changement; car, comme les langues suivent d' ordinaire les fortunes des états, et perdent la pureté dans leur décadence, après que l' Allemagne fut éclipsée de la couronne de France, la <b>cour de nos rois</b>, qui se tenoit à Aix-la-Chapelle, se tint à Paris, et d' autant que cette ville se trouva assise près de l' extrémité du royaume qui tient à l' Allemagne, et par conséquent éloigné de la <b>Gaule Narbonoise</b>, où étoit l' usage de la <b>langue romaine</b>, il arriva qu' insensiblement, à la <u>cour de nos rois</u> et aux provinces qui en étoient voisines, il se forma une <u>troisième langue</u> qui retint bien le nom de <b>romaine</b>, mais qui se rendit avec le temps tout-à-fait différente de l' <u>ancienne langue romaine</u>, laquelle pourtant demeura en sa pureté dans les provinces qui sont en-deçà de la Loire; et d' autant que les peuples de delà la Loire disoient <b>oui</b>, (ancienne oïl) et ceux de deçà <b>oc</b>, la France fut divisée en <b>pays de langue d' oui</b> ou <b>Françoise</b>, et de <b><a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/search?q=Hoc" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue d' oc</a> ou provençale</b>, dont le nom est demeuré à la <b>province</b> auparavant appelée <b>Septimanie.</b></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Or que cette <b><a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/search?q=Hoc" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue d' oc ou provençale</a></b> soit <u>la même que l' ancienne langue romaine</u>, il se peut clairement justifier par les <b>serments</b> qui sont dans <b>Nitard</b>… Puis donc qu' il est hors de doute que notre <b>langue d' <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/02/14-de-junio-resposta-de-hoc-o-de-no.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">oc</a> ou provençale</b> est cette même <b>langue romaine</b>, que les anciens François parloient devant la troisième race de nos rois, c' est-à-dire, <u>auparavant le Xe siècle</u>, ne pouvons-nous pas aussi, sans faire les vains, et nous donner une gloire imaginaire, assurer que <u>c' est de notre langue qu' a pris son origine</u> celle que nous appelons maintenant <b>françoise</b>?… Ce lui est toujours de l' honneur d' estre comme <b>le cep d' où s' est provignée</b> cette belle <b>langue françoise</b>…</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais quand j' aurai fait voir de plus que c' est d' elle que les langues Italienne et Espagnole ont pris leur naissance, j' ose bien assurer… qu'on n' en fera pas moins d' estime qu'on fait d' ordinaire des sources des grands fleuves, quelque petites qu' elles soient."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Huet, dans son ouvrage de l' Origine des Romans, a consacré la même opinion:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Le <b>langage romain</b> fut appelé la <b>langue provençale</b>, non-seulement parce qu' il reçut <u>moins d' altération</u> dans la <b>Provence</b> que dans les autres cantons de la France, mais encore parce que les <b>Provençaux</b> s' en servoient ordinairement dans leurs compositions, etc. Les <b>troubadours</b>, les <u>chanterres</u>, les <u>conteurs</u>, et les <u>jongleurs</u> de Provence, et enfin tous ceux qui exerçoient ce qu'on y appeloit la <b>science gaie</b>, (N. E. gay saber) commencèrent, dès le temps de <b>Hue Capet</b>, à <b>romaniser</b> tout de bon, débitant leurs <b>romans</b> et leurs <u>fabliaux</u> composés en <b>langage romain</b>: car alors les <b>Provençaux</b> avoient plus d' usage des lettres et de la poésie que tout le reste des <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/07/8-1-origine-vulgaire-francois-roman-orthographe-parler.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">François</a>…</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>Le <b>roman</b> estant donc plus universellement entendu, les <u>conteurs</u> de Provence s' en servirent pour écrire leurs <u>contes</u> qui de là furent appelés </span></span><b>romans</b><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">." (chap. <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/tomas-bosque-la-codonera-teruel-arago.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">eres un romansé</a>)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Je ne dois pas omettre le sentiment de l' abbé Lebœuf, qui était si versé dans cette matière; ses recherches sur les plus anciennes traductions en</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/07/8-1-origine-vulgaire-francois-roman-orthographe-parler.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">idiôme français</a></b> offrent le passage suivant:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"Je me contente d' avancer, comme une chose très vraisemblable, que, dans la plupart des provinces des Gaules, on <u>parloit</u> <b><a href="https://textos-dante-alighieri.blogspot.com/2020/08/de-vulgari-eloquentia-liber-secundus.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vulgairement</a></b> une <b>langue</b> <u>peu différente</u> de celle des <b>Provençaux</b>, des <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/2021/12/abalourdimen-abelimen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Périgourdins</a></b>, des <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/2021/12/lou-tresor-dou-felibrige.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Limousins</a></b>. Je pense que cela dura jusqu' à ce que le commerce de ces provinces avec les peuples du nord et de l' Allemagne, et sur-tout celui des habitants de l' Armorique avec les Anglois, vers le XIe siècle, eussent apporté dans la <b>Romaine rustique</b>, une <u>dureté qui n' y étoit pas auparavant.”</u> (1: Mém. de l' Acad. des Inscr. Et Belles-Lettres, t. XVII, p. 718.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les savants auteurs de l' <b>histoire de Languedoc</b> ont plusieurs fois donné à ce sujet des explications aussi curieuses qu' incontestables.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"La <b>langue latine</b> commençoit cependant à <b>se corrompre</b>, et dégénéra enfin de manière qu' elle forma ce qu'on appella dans la suite la <b>langue</b></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>romaine</b>, qui est à-peu-près la même qu'on parle aujourd'hui dans les <b>provinces méridionales</b> du royaume, et qui, <b>dès le milieu du IXe siècle</b>, se trouvoit déja toute formée, ainsi que nous le verrons ailleurs... (2: Hist. générale du Languedoc, t. I p. 327.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Du mélange de cette langue avec celle des barbares, et du commerce de ces derniers avec les Romains ou Gaulois d' origine, qui ne firent ensuite qu' un seul peuple, il se forma enfin une nouvelle langue qu'on appela <b>romaine</b>, et qui est à-peu-près la même qu'on parle encore aujourd'hui dans le pays.” (1: Hist. générale du Languedoc, t. I, p. 379.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Au sujet du <b>serment de 842</b>, ils disent:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"On peut remarquer dans ces deux actes que la langue qu'on appelle <b>romaine</b> est presque la même que celle que parlent encore aujourd'hui les peuples de <b>Provence</b>, de <b><a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/search?q=Hoc" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Languedoc</a></b>, et de <b>Gascogne</b>, et qu' elle a beaucoup moins de rapport avec la <b>françoise</b>.” (2: Hist. générale du Languedoc, t. I, p. 532.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Les auteurs de l' Histoire Littéraire de la France s' expriment sur le même sujet en termes non moins affirmatifs:<br />(3: Hist. Lit. de la France, t. IX, p. 172.)</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>"Dans la suite on distingua de la <u><a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/07/7-3-anciennete-progrez-nostre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">poésie françoise</a></u>, proprement dite, la <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/2021/12/abime-abouli.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">poésie provençale</a></b>: celle-ci différoit de l' autre, en ce que le génie de la langue demeura presque <b>pur roman</b>, au lieu que la <u>françoise</u>, quoique <u>pur roman dans son origine</u>, comme l' autre, fut adoucie peu-à-peu, tant par de nouvelles inflexions et terminaisons qu' elle reçut, que par les autres endroits qui la rapprochèrent successivement du génie françois… C' étoit la langue qu' employoient ordinairement les poëtes d' <span>en-deçà la</span><b> Loire</b>; ceux d' au-delà versifioient au contraire en <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-abalourdi.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">langue provençale</a></b>:” (1: "Quant au nom de <b>provençale</b>, qu'on donna à la langue dont on se servoit dans les <b>provinces méridionales</b> de la France, après que les peuples des <u>pays septentrionaux</u> eurent adopté un <u>idiôme différent</u>, il est certain qu' elle ne fut pas ainsi nommée, parce qu' elle fut d' abord particulière aux peuples de la Provence proprement dite, mais à cause qu' elle comprenoit alors, sous le nom de <b>Provençaux</b>, tous les peuples de la <u>partie méridionale</u> de la France. Les divers auteurs qui ont écrit, à la fin du XIe siècle, l' histoire de la première croisade, nous en fournissent les preuves: On nomme <b>provençaux</b>, dit un de ces historiens, les peuples de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Bourgogne" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bourgogne</a></b>, d' <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-abalourdi.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Auvergne</a></b>, de <b><a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/2018/05/lo-canhas-deus-baskervilles-gascon-occitan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gascogne</a></b>, de <b>Gothie</b>, et de <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Provence</a></b>. Les autres s' appeloient <b>François</b>, mais les ennemis donnoient le nom de <b><a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/06/4-7-droits-juree-bourgeoisie-roy.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Francs</a></b> <u>aux uns et aux autres</u>. Les <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/02/cvi-reg-1351-fol-7-12-febrero-1372.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aquitains</a></b> étoient aussi compris sous le nom de <b><a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Provençaux</a></b>."<br /><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_Languedoc" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hist. gén. du Languedoc</a>, t. II, p. 246.)<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">J' avais prouvé l' existence et l' ancienneté de la langue romane; je crois que les autorités que je rapporte pour démontrer son identité avec la langue des <b>troubadours ou poetes <a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">provençaux</a></b>, ne laissent aucun doute sur ce point.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais quel était le mécanisme, quelles étaient les formes essentielles de cette langue?</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' est ce que j' ai à examiner et à démontrer.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' abord j' exposerai les détails relatifs à son origine, et j' en expliquerai la formation; ce qui me permettra de présenter les éléments de sa grammaire avant l' an 1000.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span>Et ensuite je donnerai une grammaire détaillée de la même langue, devenue celle des troubadours; et j' autoriserai toutes les règles, soit générales, soit particulières, par les citations qui seront presque toujours prises dans les écrits de ces illustres poëtes.<br /><br />_______<br /></span></span><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">(2) Escritura del <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rey moro de Coimbra</a>, era 772. (an. 734).</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">"<a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Alboacem</b> Iben Mahumet Alhamar, Iben Tarif</a>, bellator fortis, vincitor</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Hispaniarum</b>, dominator <b>Cantabriæ</b> Gothorum, et magnæ litis Roderici. Quoniam nos constituit Allah, <u>Illalah</u> super gentem Nazarat, <b>E</b> fecit me dominatorem <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ucoimbra/?hl=es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Colimb</a>, et omni terræ inter Goadaluam, et Mondecum, et Goadatha per ubi <b>esparte</b> meum mandum. Ego ordinavi, quod Christiani de meas terras <b>pecten</b> dupliciter quam Mauri, et de ecclesiis per singulas XXV. pesantes de bono argento, et per <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/12/acta-electionis-consecrationis-suniarii-abbatis-amerensis-concilio-gerundae-mxvii-1017.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">monasteria</a> <b>peiten</b> L. pesantes et vispesantes <b>pecten cent</b> santes: et Christiani habeant in Colimb suum comitem, et in Goadatha <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/08/sacramentum-fidelitatem-ermengaudi-i-comitis-urgelli-ad-sallanum-episcopum-urgellensis-anno-m-1000-aut-circiter.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">alium comitem</a> de sua gente, qui manteneat eos in bono juzgo, secundum solent homines Christiani, et isti component rixas inter illos, et non matabunt hominem sine jussu de Alcaide; seu Aluacile Sarraceno. Sed ponent illum <b>apres</b> de Alcaide, et mostrabunt suos juzgos, et ille dicebit: bene est; et matabunt culpatum.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">In <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Fuentespalda" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">populationibus parvis</a> ponent suos judices, qui regant eos benè, et sine rixas. Si autem contingat homo Christianus quod matet, vel injuriet hominem Maurum, Alvacir seu Alcaide faciat de illo secundum juzgo de Mauris; si Christianus esforciaverit Sarracenam virginem, sit Maurus et recipiat illam, sin matent eum; si fuerit de marito, matent eum; si Christianus fuerit ad Mesquidam vel dixerit male de Allah, vel Mahamet, fiant Maurus, sin matent eum. Bispi de Christianis non maledicant reges Maurorum, sin moriantur. Presbyteri non faciat suas missas, nisi portis cerratis, sin pieten (<b>peiten</b>) X pesantes argenti: monasteria quæ sunt in meo mando habeant sua bona in pace, et <b>pechen</b> prædictos L. <a href="https://glosario-etimologico.blogspot.com/search?q=bizancio" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pesantes</a>. Monasterium de Montanis, qui dicitur Laurbano, non <b>peche</b> nullo pesante, quoniam bona intentione monstrant mihi loca de suis <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">venatis</a>, <b>e</b> faciunt Sarracenis bona <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">acolhenza</a></b>, et nunquam invenit falsum, neque malum animum in illis, qui morant ibi, et totas suas hæreditates possideant cum pace, et bona quiete, sine rixa et sine vexatione, neque forcia de Mauris, et veniant, et vadant ad Colimbriam cum libertate per diem, et per noctem, quando meliùs velint aut nolint, emant et vendant sine <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pecho</a></b>, tali pacto quòd non vadant foras de nostras terras sine nostro <u>aparazmo</u>, et benè velle; et quia sic volumus, et ut omnes sciant, facio cartam salvo conducto, et do Christianis ut habeant illam pro suo juzgo, et <span>mostrent</span>, cum Mauri requisiverint ab illis. Et si quis de Sarracenis non sibi observaverit nostrum juzgo in quo fecerit damnum, componant pro suo avere, vel pro sua vita, et sit juzgo de illo, sicut de Christiano usque ad sanguinem et vitam. Fuit facta carta de juzgo, æra de Christianis <b><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">DCC, LXXII</a>,</b> secundum verò annos Arabum CXXXXVII. Luna XIII. Dulhija <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alboacem</a>, iben Mahomet Alhamar, iben Tarif rogatu Christianorum firmavi pro more .O. et dederunt pro robore duos æquos optimos, et ego confirmavi totum."</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://bibliotecadigital.jcyl.es/es/consulta/registro.do?id=18893" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Historias de Idacio</a>, etc. fol. 88 et 89.<br />(N. E. Apéndice de <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carlos Romey</a>, Historia de España etc., traducida por <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">A. Bergnes de las Casas</a>:<br /><br />Texto Original.<br /><br /><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alboacem Iben Mahumet Alhamar Iben Tarif</a>, bellator fortis, vincitor Hispaniarum, dominator CABALLARIAE Gothorum, et magnæ litis Roderici. Quoniam nos constituit Alla-Illelah super gentem Nazarat, et fecit me dominatorem Colimb, et omni terræ inter Goadaluam, et Mondecum, et Goadatha, per ubi ESPARTE meum mandum. Ego ordinavi, quod christiani de meas terras PECTEN dupliciter quam Mauri, et de ecclesiis per singulas XXV pesantes de bono argento, et per monasteria PEITEN L pesantes et vispesantes PECTEN CENT santes: et christiani habeant in Colimb suum <u>comiten</u>, (<a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/08/sacramentum-fidelitatem-ermengaudi-i-comitis-urgelli-ad-sallanum-episcopum-urgellensis-anno-m-1000-aut-circiter.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">comitem</a>) et in Goadatha alium comitem de suâ (suam) gente, qui manteneat eos in bono <b>juzgo</b>, secundum solent homines christiani, et isti component <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxi-perg-224-30-noviembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">rixas</a></b> inter illos, et non <u>matabunt</u> hominem sine jussu de <u>alcaide</u>, seu <u>aluacile</u> <b>sarraceno.</b> Sed ponent illum APRES de alcaide, et mostrabunt suos <b>juzgos</b>, et ille dicebit: bene est, et matabunt culpatum. In populationibus parvis ponent suos judices, qui regant eos benè, et sine RIXAS. Si autem contingat homo christianus quod <b>matet</b>, vel injuriet hominem <b>Maurum</b>, <u>aluacir</u> seu alcaide faciat de illo secundum <b>juzgo</b> de <b>Mauris</b>; si christianus <u>esforciaverit</u> sarracenam virginem, sit <b>Maurus</b> et recepiat illam, sin <u>matent</u> eum; si fuerit de <u>marito</u> matent eum; si christianus fuerit ad <u><a href="https://www.mallorca-experte.net/cala-mesquida/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mesquidam</a></u> vel dixerit male de Allah, vel <u>Mahamet</u>, fiant Maurus, sin matent eum. <b>Bispi</b> (episcopo: bisbe: vespe: obispo) de christianis non maledicant <b>reges</b> <b>Maurorum</b>, sin moriantur. <u>Presbyteri</u> non faciat suas missas, nisi <u>portis</u> <u>cerratis</u>, sin PIETEN X pesantes argenti: monasteria quæ sunt in meo mando habeant sua bona in pace, et PECHEN prædictos L pesantes. Monasterium de Montanis, qui dicitur <u>Laurbano</u> non PECHE nullo pesante, quoniam bona intentione <u>mostrant</u> mihi loca de suis venatis, <b>E</b> faciunt Sarracenis bona ACOLHENZA, et nunquam invenit falsum, neque malum animum in illis, qui morant ibi, et totas suas hæreditates possideant cum pace, et bona quiete, sine rixe et sine vexatione, neque FORCIA de Mauris, et veniant et vadant ad <b><a href="https://www.uc.pt/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Colimbriam</a></b> cum libertate per diem, et per noctem, quando melius velint aut nolint, emant et vendant sine PECHO, tali pacto quod non vadant foras de nostras terras sine nostro <u>aparazmo</u>, et benè velle; et quia sic volumus, et ut omnes sciant, facio kartam salvo conducto, et do christianis ut habeant illam pro suo juzgo, et <span>mostrent</span> cum Mauri requisiverint ab illis. Et si quis de Sarracenis non sibi observaverit nostrum juzgo in quo fecerit damnum, componant pro suo avere, vel pro sua vita, et sit juzgo de illo sicut de christiano usque ad sanguinem et vitam. Fuit facta karta de juzgo æra de christianis DCCLXXII, secundum vero annos Arabum CXXXXVII, Luna XIII, Dulbija. Alboacem iben Mahomet Alhamar iben Tarif rogatu christianorum firmavi pro more .O. (puntos elevados) et dederunt pro robore duos equos optimos, et ego confirmavi totum.<br />Extracto de la Monarchia Lusitana de Brito, II part., fol., 288 et seq.<br /><br /><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fuero de Alboacem</a>.</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br />“Un autor arábigo, dice un autor moderno, conservó uno de aquellos convenios (entre vencedores y vencidos), y es el que un oficial árabe, llamado <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alboacem Ibn Mohamed Alhamar</a>, hizo con la ciudad de Coimbra.”<br />Pero no lo hay semejante, ni en los historiadores nacionales de la conquista, ni en colección diplomática arábiga. Con efecto, no es autor arábigo el conservador del ordenamiento de Coimbra, pues estuvo antes archivado en la abadía de Lorbao, en Portugal, y se publicó al pronto en la Monarchia Lusitana, Lisboa 1609, en 4.°, part. II, p. 288- 289: después con erratas por Sandoval, Historia de los cinco obispos, Pamplona 1615, p. 88 y siguientes. En fin, Mr. Reynouard la sacó de nuevo a luz, por Sandoval, en sus Selectas de poesías originales de los Trobadores, París 1816, t. I, pág. 11. Es monumento de entidad filológica, aunque no histórica, y que bajo este título merece tener aquí su lugar, si bien todo está manifestando que no es con mucho tan antiguo como la fecha equivocada que trae lo dio a entender a Mr. Reynouard (véase cuanto se dijo sobre este punto).<br /><br /><a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Traducción del fuero de Alboacem</a>.<br /><br />"<a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alboacem Ibn Mohamet Alhamar Ibn Tarif</a>, guerrero poderoso, vencedor de las Españas, arrollador de la caballería goda y de la gran liga de Rodrigo. Habiéndome puesto al frente de la nación <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nazarat</a>, y habiéndome constituido gobernador de Colimb y de todo el territorio entre <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Goadalva</a>, <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mondeco</a> y <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Goadatha</a>, que abarca mi mando, he dispuesto lo siguiente:<br />pagarán los Cristianos de mis tierras tributo doble que los Moros. Pagarán las iglesias veinte y cinco piezas de plata fina por la que fuere más ordinaria, cincuenta por cada monasterio, y ciento por la catedral. Tendrán los Cristianos en Colimb un conde de su nación, y otro en Goadatha, quienes los gobernarán con arreglo a las leyes y costumbres cristianas, y sentenciarán las desavenencias que sobrevinieren entre ellos: mas a ninguno darán muerte sin disposición del alcaide o del alvacir sarraceno, ante el cual traerán al reo, manifestando sus leyes; dirá el alcaide me conformo, y matarán al culpado.<br />En las poblaciones cortas tendrán los Cristianos sus jueces que los gobiernen debidamente y sin contiendas. Si acaeciere que un Cristiano mate o insulte a un Moro, obrarán el alvacir o el alcaide según las leyes de los Moros. Si algún Cristiano atropellare a una doncella sarracena, tendrá que hacerse moro y desposarse con ella, y si no, se le matará; si es casada, se matará al reo.<br />Si un Cristiano entra en una mezquita, y si dice mal sea de Alá, o sea de Mahoma, tendrá que hacerse moro, ú debe morir. Los obispos de los Cristianos nunca han de zaherir a los reyes moros, y en tal caso, han de fenecer. Los clérigos no dirán misa sino a puertas cerradas, y de lo contrario, pagarán diez piezas de plata. Los monasterios comprendidos en mi jurisdicción disfrutarán en paz sus haciendas, pagando las cincuenta piezas sobredichas. El monasterio de la serranía, llamado Laurbao, nada pagará, por cuanto los monjes me suelen mostrar gustosos sus cazaderos, acogen a los Sarracenos, y nunca he cogido en fraude ni en maldad a los domiciliados en aquel convento; y así seguirán conservando sus fincas sin padecer tropelía ni violencia de parte de los Moros. Serán árbitros de ir y venir a Colimb de día y de noche según les plazca; y tendrán también el desahogo de vender y comprar sin pecha alguna, con tal que no salgan de nuestro territorio sin nuestra anuencia. Y por cuanto es esta nuestra voluntad, para que todos se enteren, otorgo el presente salvoconducto a los Cristianos para que lo tengan por una de sus leyes, y lo manifiesten cuantas veces lo requieran los Moros; y en caso de haber algún Sarraceno que se desentienda de cumplirlo, se le juzgará hasta costarle sangre y vida como a cualquier Cristiano. Este fuero de justicia se hizo en la era de los Cristianos, el año 772, y según los años de los Árabes, el 13 de la luna de djulhedja de 147. <a href="https://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/2023/09/fuero-de-alboacem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Yo Alboacem iben Mahomet Alhamar iben Tarif</a>, a instancia de los Cristianos, firmo según costumbre (puntos elevados) .O. habiéndome dado en ratificación dos hermosos caballos, y lo confirmo todo.<br /><br />La diferencia principal entre Brito y Sandoval estriba en que el uno trae al principio dominator <u>caballariæ</u> Gothorum, y el otro dominator <b>Cantabriae</b> Gothorum; pero este último giro está positivamente equivocado, puesto que el mismo Sandoval dice al traducir (p. 89) domador de la caballería de los Godos.<br />Hemos rayado (mayúsculas), a ejemplo de Mr. Reynouard, las voces del texto original que corresponden directamente a la lengua <b>romana</b>, (romance) como e, y, conjunción; esparte, se extiende; pecten, peiten, paguen; peche, pague; cent, ciento; apres, junto, acolhenza, acogida, etc. Hemos añadido caballería, forcia, esforciaverit. - Se advertirá el modo con que el Wad de los Árabes se expresa en aquel latín bárbaro, modo idéntico con el prohijado por los Castellanos, que trasladan la waw arábiga, como ya se ha visto, con las letras gu, que vienen a sonar como la waw, la cual se suele pronunciar en arábigo como una w doble y gutural o aspirada. Así pues Goadalva es el Alva, Goadatha el Águeda, que desaguan, el primero en el Mondego, y el segundo en el Duero, al nordeste y al norte de Coimbra. En cuanto a la fecha del acta, advertiremos, lo que no parece se haya notado por otros, que el año 147 de la hégira medió entre el 9 de marzo de <b>764</b> y el 25 de febrero de <b>765</b>, y no cuadra por consiguiente, como lo expresa el diploma, con el año de <b>772</b>, ni de la era de Jesucristo ni de la de España, que corresponde al de Jesucristo de <b>734</b>. <u>Añádanse tres siglos a esta fecha</u>, y se tendrá <u>tal vez la verdadera</u> del acta, auténtica al parecer en parte, y adulterada y viciada indudablemente en parte; teniendo con efecto poco que extrañar el que un walí árabe haya otorgado en 447 de la hégira (1055) un fuero de resguardo a los moradores de la provincia de Coimbra, en recordando los vaivenes de aquel pueblo, tomado contra los Árabes por Alfonso el Católico, recobrado por Almanzor en 987, yermo luego por siete años, reedificado después por los Ismaelitas, quienes lo habitaron setenta años, hasta que Fernando I, hijo de Sancho el Grande, lo tomó el VIII de las calendas de agosto del año 1064.)<br /><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">INDEX.</span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br />Tome 1:</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/recherches-origine-formation-langue-romane-grammaire-avant-an-1000.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Recherches</a></span></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/grammaire-langue-romane-chapitre-1.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 1</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/chapitre-2-substantifs-grammaire-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 2 - Substantifs</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/adjectifs-chapitre-3-grammaire-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 3 - Adjectifs</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/chapitre-iv-pronoms.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 4 - Pronoms</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/chapitre-v-noms-de-nombres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 5 - noms de nombres</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/chapitre-vi-verbes.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 6 - Verbes</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/chapitre-vii-adverbes-prepositions.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 7 - Adverbes, Prépositions, Conjonctions</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/chapitre-8-locutions-particulieres-idiotismes-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chapitre 8 - Idiotismes</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/appendice-manuscrits.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span>Appendice - manuscrits</span></a><br /><br />Tome 2:<br /><br /><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/09/tome-2-dissertations-troubadours-cours-amour.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Dissertations troubadours</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/tome-2-des-cours-d-amour.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Des cours d</a><span face="Verdana, sans-serif">'</span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/tome-2-des-cours-d-amour.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> amour</a></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-de-la-langue-romane.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Monuments de la langue romane</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/monuments-langue-romane-depuis-842-jusqu.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Monuments langue romane depuis 842</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/actes-titres-960-environ-comtes-carcassonne-vicomtes-beziers-foix-castelbon-bearn-bigorre-marsan-gavardan-rodez-armagnac-albret-rois-navarre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Actes titres 960</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/la-nobla-leyczon-poesies-des-vaudois.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La nobla leyczon - Poésies des Vaudois</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/la-barca.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">La Barca</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lo-novel-sermon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lo novel Sermon</a></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lo-novel-confort.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo novel Confort</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lo-payre-eternal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo payre eternal</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lo-despreczi-del-mont.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo despreczi del mont</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/avangeli-evangeli-quatre-semen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avangeli quatre semencz</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/manuscrit-abbaye-saint-martial-limoges-.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Diverses fragments manuscrit Abbaye Saint-Martial Limoges</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/genres-poesies-troubadours.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Genres poésies</span></a></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tome 3:</span></p><p align="LEFT" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-troisieme-pieces-amoureuses-comte-poitiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Comte de Poitiers</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/guiraud-le-roux.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guiraud le Roux</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/rambaud-orange.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rambaud d' Orange</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/la-comtesse-de-die-dia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Comtesse de Die, Dia</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-rogiers-peire-rotgiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pierre Rogiers, Peire Rotgiers</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/bernatz-ventadorn-bernard-ventadour.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernatz de Ventadorn, Bernard de Ventadour</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/geoffroi-rudel-jaufre-rudel-de-blaye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Geoffroi Rudel, Jaufre Rudel de Blaye, Blaia</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/augier-guilhem-guillem-augier-novella.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Augier - Guilhem - Guillem - Novella - Ogier</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/cabestaing-cabestany-guillaume-guillem-guilhem.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cabestaing, Cabestany, Guillaume, Guillem, Guilhem</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/alfonse-ii-roi-aragon-alfonso-2-rey-per-mantas-guizas-m-es-datz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alfonse II Roi Aragon - Alfonso II</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/peire-ramon-tolosa-toloza-pierre-raimond-toulouse.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peire Ramon Tolosa, Toloza, Pierre Raimond Toulouse</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/guillaume-de-beziers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillaume de Beziers</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/bertrand-de-born.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bertrand de Born</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/folquet-de-marseille-fulco-foulques.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Folquet de Marseille, Fulco, Foulques</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/albert-marquis-de-malespine-albertet.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Albert, marquis de Malespine, Albertet</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/gavaudan-le-vieux-gavaudas.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gavaudan le vieux</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/pons-de-capdueil-capduelh-capduoill.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pons de Capdueil, Capduelh, Capduoill</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arnaud de Marueil</a>, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arnaut de Mareuil</a>. <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maruelh</a>, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Marolh</a>, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Marol</a>, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maroill</a>, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maruoill</a>, <a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/arnaud-de-marueil-arnaut-de-mareuil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Meruoill</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pistoleta.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pistoleta</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/berenguer-de-palasol-berenguer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Berenguer de Palasol, Palazol, Palol, Palou, Palafolls</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-de-barjac-peire-de-barjac.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pierre de Barjac, Peire de Barjac</a></span></p><p><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/cadenet.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cadenet</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/sail-de-scola-salh-sail-saill-ecole.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sail, Salh, Saill, Scola, Escola, École, Bergerac</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/rambaud-de-vaqueiras-raimbaut.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud, Vaqueiras, Raimbaut de Vacqueyras</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pons-ponc-garda-guardia-saguardia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pons, Ponç de la Garda</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pons-ponc-garda-guardia-saguardia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guardia</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pons-ponc-garda-guardia-saguardia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Saguardia</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/peyrols-peirols-peirol.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peyrols, Peirols, Peirol</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/gaucelm-faidit.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gaucelm Faidit</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/guillaume-de-saint-didier-leidier.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillaume de Saint-Didier, Guillem de Sant Leidier</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/guiraud-giraud-guiraut-giraut-girautz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guiraud, Giraud, Guiraut, Giraut, Girautz de Borneil, Bornelh, Bornelh, Borneill, Bornell, Borneil, Borneyll</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/hugues-uc-nuc-brunet-brunec-brunenc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hugues, Uc, Nuc - Brunet, Brunec, Brunenc</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-vidal-peire-vidal-vidals.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peire Vidal, Pierre Vidal</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-peire-d-alvernha-alverne.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peire, Pierre; Alvernha, Alverne, Auvergne</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/uc-hugues-saint-cyr-circ-1213-1257.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Uc, Hugues, Saint Cyr, Circ</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/claire-clara-anduse-anduze-anduza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Clara, Claire; Anduse, Anduze, Anduza</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/blacas-blacatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Blacas, Blacatz</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/uc-bacalaria.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Uc de La Bacalaria</a>, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/uc-bacalaria.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hugues de La Bachelerie, Bachellerie</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/perdigon-perdigo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Perdigon, Perdigo</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/elias-de-barjols.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Elias de Barjols</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/raimond-de-miravals-miraval-miravalh.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimond de Miravals, Miraval, Miravalh</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/aubert-audebert-jausbert-josbert-gausbert-monge-puicibot-.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lo monge de Puicibot, Puycibot</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/la-dame-casteloze-na-castelloza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Na Castelloza, La Dame Casteloze</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/marcabrus-marcabruns-marcabrun-marcabrunela.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Marcabrus, Marcabruns, Marcabrun (fill de Marcabrunela)</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/gui-uisel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gui d' Uisel</a> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/aimeri-aimeric-de-sarlat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aimeric, Aimeri de Sarlat</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/giraud-guiraut-de-calanson-calanso.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Giraud, Guiraut de Calanson, Calanso</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/giraud-giraut-guiraut-salignac-salinhac.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Giraud, Giraut, Guiraut, Salignac, Salinhac</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/raimond-raymond-ramon-ramon-vidal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimond, Raymond, Ramon, Ramon, Vidal.</a> de Besalú</span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/deudes-daude-prades-pradas.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deudes, Daude, Prades, Pradas</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/guillem-magret-guillaume-maigret.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillem Magret, Guillaume Maigret</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/aimeri-aimeric-peguilain-peguilhan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aimeri, Aimeric, Peguilain, Peguilhan</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/elias-cairels-carirel-cayrel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Elias Cairels, Cairel, Cayrel</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-cardinal-peire-cardenal-cardinal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pierre Cardinal, Peire Cardenal, Cardinal</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/sordel-sordello-goito-goit.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sordel, Sordello, Goito, Goit (italiá)</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/le-moine-de-montaudon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Le moine de Montaudon</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/richard-de-barbezieux.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Richard de Barbezieux</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/blacasset.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Blacasset</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/giraud-riquier-guirautz-riquiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Giraud Riquier, Guirautz Riquiers</a> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tome 4:<br /><br /></span></p><p align="LEFT" lang="es-ES" style="break-before: page; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Des Tensons, des Complaintes historiques, des pièces sur les Croisades, des Sirventes historiques, des Sirventes divers, et des pièces Morales et Religieuses.<br /><br /></span></span></p><p align="LEFT" lang="es-ES" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">TENSONS.<br /><br />I.<br /><br />Senher <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/rambaud-orange.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raymbautz</a>, per vezer<br />De vos lo conort e 'l solatz<br />Suy sai vengutz tost e viatz,<br />Mais qu' ieu no suy per vostr' aver;<br />E vuelh saber, quan m' en irai,<br />Cum es de vos ni cossi us vai,<br />Qu' enqueron m' en lai entre nos.<br /><br />Tant ai de sen e de saber,<br />E suy tan savis e membratz,<br />Quant aurai vostres faitz guardatz,<br />Qu' al partir en sabrai lo ver:<br />S' es tals lo guaps cum hom retrai,<br />O si n' es tant, o meinhs o mai,<br />Cum aug dir ni comtar de vos.<br /><br />Gardatz vos que us sapchatz tener<br />En aisso qu' eras comensatz;<br />Quar hom, on plus aut es puiatz,<br />Plus bas <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=caure" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chai</a>, si s laissa <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=caure" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chazer</a>:<br />Pueys dizon tug que mal l' estai,<br />Per que fes, pus era non fai,<br />Qu' eras non te condug ni dos.<br /><br />Qu' ab pro manjar et ab jazer<br />Pot hom estar suau malvatz;<br />Mas de grans afans es <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=carregat" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">carguatz</a><br />Selh que bon pretz vol mantener;<br />Cove que s percas sai e lai<br />E <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2023/09/actes-titres-960.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tolha</a> e do, si cum s' eschai,<br />Quan ve que es luecx ni sazos.<br /><br />D' aisso vuelh que digatz lo ver<br />S' auretz nom drutz o molheratz,<br />O per qual seretz apelatz,<br />O 'ls <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/tomo-ii-continuacion-i.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">volretz</a> amdos retener:<br />Veiaire m' es, al sen qu' ieu ai,<br />dic, quar ben o sai,<br />Per so us o dic, quar ben o sai,<br />Qu' a dreg los auretz ambedos.<br /><br />Si voletz el segle parer,<br />Siatz en luec folhs ab los fatz:<br />Et aqui meteys vos sapchatz<br />Ab los savis gen captener;<br />Qu' aissi s cove qu' om los assai,<br />Ab ira 'ls us, l' autres ab jai,<br />Ab mal los mals, ab ben los bos.<br /><br />No us fassatz de sen trop temer,<br />Per qu' om diga: trop es senatz;<br />Qu' en tal luec vos valra foldatz<br />On sens no us poiria valer.<br />Tan quant auretz pel saur ni bai,<br />E 'l cor aissi <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=coindeta" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">coindet</a> e <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=gay" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">gai</a>,<br />Grans sens no us er honors ni pros.<br /><br />Senher Rambautz, ieu m' en irai,<br />Mas vostre respost auzirai,<br />Si us platz, ans que m parta de vos.<br /><br /><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span> <span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span> <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-rogiers-peire-rotgiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pierre Rogiers</a>.<br /></span></p><p align="LEFT" style="background-color: white; break-before: page; color: #222222; line-height: 19.8px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #222222; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="google-auto-placed" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #222222; height: auto; text-align: center; width: 570px;"><ins class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7445886997317547" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-status="unfilled" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="background-color: transparent; display: block; height: 0px; margin: 10px auto;"><div aria-label="Advertisement" id="aswift_1_host" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-block; height: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 570px;" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><iframe allow="attribution-reporting" allowtransparency="true" data-google-container-id="a!2" data-google-query-id="CKae2Mn88IEDFXQYrQYd7IwCHw" data-load-complete="true" frameborder="0" height="0" hspace="0" id="aswift_1" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="aswift_1" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?npa=1&client=ca-pub-7445886997317547&output=html&h=280&adk=3720548035&adf=2037058005&pi=t.aa~a.1760093260~rp.4&w=570&fwrn=4&fwrnh=100&lmt=1697129616&rafmt=1&to=qs&pwprc=6087569264&format=570x280&url=https%3A%2F%2Fchapurriau.blogspot.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DPierre%2BRogiers&host=ca-host-pub-1556223355139109&fwr=0&pra=3&rpe=1&resp_fmts=3&wgl=1&fa=40&uach=WyJXaW5kb3dzIiwiMTAuMC4wIiwieDg2IiwiIiwiMTE3LjAuNTkzOC4xNTAiLFtdLDAsbnVsbCwiNjQiLFtbIkdvb2dsZSBDaHJvbWUiLCIxMTcuMC41OTM4LjE1MCJdLFsiTm90O0E9QnJhbmQiLCI4LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJDaHJvbWl1bSIsIjExNy4wLjU5MzguMTUwIl1dLDBd&dt=1697129636685&bpp=3&bdt=9023&idt=3&shv=r20231004&mjsv=m202310100101&ptt=9&saldr=aa&abxe=1&prev_fmts=0x0&nras=2&correlator=6041928402554&frm=20&pv=1&ga_vid=1413555511.1685778984&ga_sid=1697129636&ga_hid=854532467&ga_fc=1&u_tz=120&u_his=3&u_h=1050&u_w=1680&u_ah=1010&u_aw=1680&u_cd=24&u_sd=1&dmc=8&adx=392&ady=1341&biw=1663&bih=901&scr_x=0&scr_y=300&eid=44759875%2C44759926%2C31078599%2C44804783%2C44805099%2C31078772%2C44804940%2C31078663%2C31078665%2C31078668%2C31078670&oid=2&pvsid=1212737562122484&tmod=1364097136&uas=3&nvt=1&fc=1920&brdim=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C1680%2C0%2C1680%2C1010%2C1680%2C901&vis=1&rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&abl=NS&fu=128&bc=31&td=1&nt=1&ifi=2&uci=a!2&btvi=1&fsb=1&xpc=NjvMQikus8&p=https%3A//chapurriau.blogspot.com&dtd=304" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; height: 0px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 570px;" vspace="0" width="570"></iframe></span></div></ins></div><p align="LEFT" lang="es-ES" style="line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">II.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pierre-rogiers-peire-rotgiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peire Rogiers</a>, a trassaillir<br />M' er per vos los ditz e 'ls covens<br />Qu' ieu ai a mi dons, totz dolens<br />De chantar, que m cugei sofrir;<br />E pus sai etz a mi vengutz,<br />Chantarai, si m n' ai estat mutz,<br />Que non vuelh remaner cofes.<br /><br />Mout vos dei lauzar e grazir,<br />Quar anc vos venc cor ni talens<br />De saber mos captenemens:<br />E vuelh que m sapchatz alques dir;<br />E ja l' avers no m sia escutz,<br />S' ieu suy avols ni recrezutz,<br />Que pel ver non passetz ades.<br /><br />Quar qui per aver vol mentir,<br />Aquelh lauzars es blasmamens,<br />E torn en mals ensenhamens,<br />E s fai als autres escarnir;<br />Qu' en digz non es bos pretz saubutz,<br />Mas als fagz es reconogutz,<br />E pels fagz ven lo dir apres.<br /><br />Per me voletz mon nom auzir,<br />Quals suy o drutz; er clau las dens,<br />Qu' ades pueia mos pessamens<br />On plus de prion m' o cossir.<br />E dic vos ben qu' ieu no sui drutz,<br />Tot per so quar no sui volgutz;<br />Mas ben am, sol mi dons m' ames!<br /><br />Peire Rogiers, cum puesc sufrir<br />Qu' ades am aissi solamens?<br />Meravil me si viu de vens;<br />Tort ai, si m fai mi dons murir,<br />S' ieu muer per lieys, farai vertutz;<br />Per qu' ieu cre que, si fos perdutz,<br />Dreg agra que plus m' azires.<br /><br />Ara 'l ven en cor que m' azir,<br />Mas ja fo, qu' er autres sos sens,<br />Qu' aitals es sos captenemens;<br />Per qu' ieu lo y dei tos temps grazir,<br />Sol pel ben que m n' es escazutz.<br />Ja, no m' en vengues mais salutz,<br />Li dei tos temps estar als pes.<br /><br />Si m volgues sol tan consentir<br />Qu' ieu tos temps fos sos entendens,<br />Ab bels digz n' estera jauzens,<br />E fera m senes fag jauzir;<br />E deuria n' esser cregutz,<br />Qu' ieu non quier tan que m fos crezutz<br />Mas d' un bon respieg don visques.<br /><br />Bon Respieg, d' aut bas son cazutz;<br />E si no m recep sa vertutz,<br />Per cosselh li do que m pendes.<br /><br /><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span> <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/rambaud-orange.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rambaud d' Orange</a>.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br />Index de Tensons:<br /><br /><a href="https://choixpoesies.blogspot.com/2023/10/amicx-bernartz-del-ventadorn.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III, IV, Amicx Bernartz del Ventadorn</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/v-ara-m-digatz-rambautz-si-vos-agrada.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">V, Ara m digatz Rambautz si vos agrada</a>,<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vi-gaucelm-faiditz-ieu-vos-deman.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VI, Gaucelm Faiditz ieu vos deman</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vii-perdigons-vostre-sen-digatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VII, Perdigons, vostre sen digatz</a>,<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/viii-n-uc-de-la-bachallaria-cosselhatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VIII, N Uc de la Bachallaria</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ix-gausselm-no-m-puesc-estener.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IX, Gausselm no m puesc estener</a>,<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/x-n-elias-conseill-vos-deman.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">X, N Elias conseill vos deman</a>, <br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xi-peire-vidal-pois-far-m-aven-tenson.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XI, Peire Vidal, pois far m' aven tenson</a>,<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xii-en-raymbautz-ses-saben.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XII, XII, En Raymbautz, ses saben</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiii-senher-blacatz-de-domna-pro.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIII, Senher Blacatz, de domna pro</a>,<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiv-gui-d-uiselh-be-m-peza-de-vos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIV, Gui Uiselh be m peza de vos</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xv-digatz-bertrans-de-san-felitz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XV, Digatz, Bertrans de San Felitz</a></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvi-us-amicx-et-un-amia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVI, Us amicx et un' amia,</a><br /><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvii-amicx-n-albertz-tensos-soven.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVII, Amicx N Albertz, tensos soven</a> <br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xviii-monges-digatz-segon-vostra-sciensa.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVIII, Monges, digatz, segon vostra sciensa</a><br /><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xix-l-autr-ier-fuy-en-paradis.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIX, L' autr' ier fuy en paradis,</a><br /><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xx-autra-vetz-fuy-parlamen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XX, Autra vetz fuy a parlamen</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Complaintes Historiques.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quascus plor e' <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=planh" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">planh</a> son <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/gaucelm-faidit.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dampnatge</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sa <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/rambaud-de-vaqueiras-raimbaut.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">malanansa</a> e sa dolor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ieu las! n' ai en mon <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=coratge" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">coratge</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan gran ira e tan gran <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=tristor" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tristor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ja, mos jorns, planh ni <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=plorat" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">plorat</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non aurai lo valen <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=prezat" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">prezat</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo pros Vescomte, que <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=mortz" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mortz</a> es,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/guillaume-de-beziers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bezers</a>, l' ardit e 'l <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=cortes" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cortes</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo gai e 'l mielh adreg e 'l <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=bon" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">bon</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l melhor cavallier del <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=mon" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mon</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mort l' an, et anc tan gran otratge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No vi hom, ni tan gran error</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais far, ni tan gran estranhatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De dieu et a nostre senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum an fag <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">li can renegat</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del fals <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/07/associacio-catalanista-matarranya-ascuma-calaceite-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">linhatge de Pilat</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' an mort; e pus dieus mort pres</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per nos a salvar, semblans es</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lui, qu' es passatz al sieu pon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per los sieus estorser laon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mil cavallier de gran linhatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mil dompnas de gran valor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Iran per la sua mort a ratge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mil borzes e mil servidor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que totz foran gent heretat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'lh visques, e ric et honrat:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar es mortz, ai dieus! quals dans es!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guardatz quals etz ni quo us es pres,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni selhs qui l' an mort qui ni don,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' eras no ns acuelh ni ns respon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A senhor tan fort deu salvatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esser, al gran et al menor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan del sieu honrat senhoratge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nos membrara e de l' honor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ns fetz et de la fezautat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vas selhs qu' eron a mort jutjat:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar es mortz, ai dieus! quals dans es!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=caitieu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Caitieu</a>, cum em tug a mal mes!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vas qual part tenrem, ni ves on</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Penrem port, tot lo cor m' en fon!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ric cavallier, ric de <a href="https://llengua-valenciana.blogspot.com/2021/06/capitol-xcviii-gloriosa-magdalena-lancant-arreus-plora-cor-peccats.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">linatge</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ric per erguelh, ric per valor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ric per sen, ric per vassallatge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ric per dar e bon servidor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ric d' erguelh, ric d' umilitat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ric de sen e ric de foldat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belhs e bos, complitz de totz bes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc no fo <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/12/carlos-rallo-badet-calaseit-disenado-coches.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nulhs hom</a> que us valgues;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Perdut avem en vos la fon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don tug veniam jauzion.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh dieu prec que fetz <a href="https://regnemallorca.blogspot.com/2021/09/cien-nombres-dios-cent-noms-deu-1-19.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">trinitat</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De se mezeis en deitat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el cel, on lo maior gaugz es,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Meta l' arma, e non li pes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a totz selhs qui pregatz son</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De son ben soccor' et aon.</span></p><p><span style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume, moine de Beziers.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed_0007-9731_1968_num_11_44_1461" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed_0007-9731_1968_num_11_44_1461</a><br /><br /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viscounts_of_B%C3%A9ziers" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viscounts_of_B%C3%A9ziers<br /></a><br /><br />Index:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/mon-chan-fenisc-dol-maltraire.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">II, mon chan fenisc ab dol et ab maltraire</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iii-si-cum-sel-qu-es-tan-grevatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III, Si cum sel qu es tan grevatz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iv-fortz-chauza-es-que-tot-lo-maior-dan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IV, Fortz chauza es, que tot lo maior dan</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/v-cascus-hom-deu-conoisser-et-entendre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">V, Cascus hom deu conoisser et entendre</a><br /></span><br /></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vi-ailas-per-que-viu-lonjamen-ni-dura.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VI, Ailas! per que viu lonjamen ni dura</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vii-era-par-ben-que-valors-se-desfai.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VII, Era par ben que valors se desfai,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/viii-anc-non-cugey-que-m-pogues-oblidar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VIII, Anc non cugey que m pogues oblidar</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/belh-senher-dieus-quo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IX, Belh senher dieus, quo pot esser sufritz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/planher-vuelh-en-blacatz-en-aquest-leugier-so.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">X, Planher vuelh En Blacatz en aquest leugier so,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/molt-mes-greu-d-en-sordel-quar-l-es-falhitz-sos-sens.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XI, Molt mes greu d' En Sordel, quar l' es falhitz sos sens,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pus-partit-an-lo-cort-en-sordel-bertrans.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XII, Pus partit an lo cor En Sordel e 'N Bertrans</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiii-ab-marrimen-et-ab-mala-sabensa.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIII, Ab marrimen et ab mala sabensa</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiv-razos-non-es-que-hom-deya-chantar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIV, Razos non es que hom deya chantar</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xv-ples-de-tristor-marritz-e-doloiros.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XV, Ples de tristor, marritz e doloiros</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvi-aissi-quo-l-malanans.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVI, Aissi quo 'l malanans,</span></a></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvii-planhen-ploran-ab-desplazer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVII, Planhen, ploran ab desplazer</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pièces sur les croisades.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus de chantar m' es pres talens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Farai un vers don sui dolens;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non serai mais obediens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-troisieme-pieces-amoureuses-comte-poitiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peytau</a> ni de Lemozi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/04/abc-espana-aragon-chapurriau-lengua-mana.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ieu m' en anarai en eyssilh</a>;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Laissarai en guerra mon filh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En gran <a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com/2017/02/puje-lo-dorondon-puje-la-broma-puje-la.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">paor</a> et en perilh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E faran li mal siey vezi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus lo partirs m' es aitan grieus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del seignoratge de <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-troisieme-pieces-amoureuses-comte-poitiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peytieus</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En garda de Falco d' Angieus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lais ma terra e son cozi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si Falco d' <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/07/6-27-pretensions-seconde-famille-anjou-royaume-naples-ruineux-voyages.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Angieus</a> no 'lh secor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l reys de cui ieu tenc m' onor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal li faran tug li pluzor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el veyran <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/tomas-bosque-la-codonera-teruel-arago.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">jovenet meschi</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si molt non es <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Saputo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">savis e pros</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant ieu serai partit de vos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tost l' auran abayssat en jos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fello Guasco et <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/07/6-27-pretensions-seconde-famille-anjou-royaume-naples-ruineux-voyages.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Angevi</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De proeza e de valor fui,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais ara <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/11/manuel-riu-fillat-insulte-amics-del-chapurriau-ignacio-sorolla-vidal-lo-apoye.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">nos partem abdui</a>;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu vauc m' en lay a selui</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On merce clamon <a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com/2017/04/carlos-fontanet-pelegri-le-hace-otro.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pelegri</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi lais tot quant amar suelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cavalairia et orguelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vauc m' en lay, ses tot destuelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On li peccador penran fi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Merce quier a mon companho,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' and li fi tort, que lo m perdo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu prec ne Jeshu del tro</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en <b><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/09/choix-poesies-originales-troubadours-introduction.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">romans</a></b> et en <u>lati</u>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mout ai estat cuendes e gais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas nostre seingner no 'l vol mais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar non posc plus soffrir lo fais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant soi apropchatz de la fi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz mos amicx prec a la mort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il vengan tuit al meu conort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ancse amey joi e <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=deport" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">deport</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Luenh de me et en mon aizi.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi guerpisc joy et deport</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E var e gris e sembeli.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-troisieme-pieces-amoureuses-comte-poitiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Comte de Poitiers</a>.<br /><br />//<br /><br />Index.<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ii-senhors-per-los-nostres-peccatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">II, senhors per los nostres peccatz</a></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iii-en-honor-del-paire-en-cui-es.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III, En honor del Paire en cui es</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iv-er-nos-sia-capdelhs-e-guerentia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IV, Er nos sia capdelhs e guerentia</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/v-so-qu-hom-plus-vol-e-don-es-plus-cochos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V, So qu' hom plus vol e don es plus cochos,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ara-sai-eu-pretz-quals-plus-gran.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VI. Ara sai eu de pretz quals l' a plus gran</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/era-nos-sia-guitz-lo-vers-dieus-iheus-critz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VII, Era nos sia guitz Lo vers dieus Iheus Critz,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/viii-nostre-senher-somonis-el-mezeis.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VIII, Nostre senher somonis el mezeis</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/pus-flum-jordan-ai-vist-monimen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IX, Pus flum Jordan ai vist e 'l monimen,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/x-ara-parra-qual-seran-enveios.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">X, Ara parra qual seran enveios</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xi-per-pauc-de-chantar-no-me-lays.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XI, Per pauc de chantar no me lays,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xii-si-m-laissava-de-chantar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XII, Si m laissava de chantar</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiii-hueimais-no-y-conosc-razo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIII, Hueimais no y conosc razo</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiv-aras-pot-hom-conoisser-e-proar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIV, Aras pot hom conoisser e proar</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xv-lo-senher-que-formet-lo-tro.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XV, Lo senher que formet lo tro</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvi-baros-ihesus-qu-en-crotz-fon-mes.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVI, Baros Ihesus qu' en crotz fon mes</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvii-bel-m-es-quan-la-roza-floris.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVII, Bel m' es, quan la roza floris</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/quan-lo-dous-temps-ven-e-vay-la-freydors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVIII, Quan lo dous temps ven, e vay la freydors,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xix-totz-hom-qui-ben-comensa-e-ben-fenis.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIX, Totz hom qui ben comensa e ben fenis</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xx-tornatz-es-en-pauc-de-valor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XX, Tornatz es en pauc de valor</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxi-emperaire-per-mi-mezeis.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXI, Emperaire, per mi mezeis,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ira-dolor-dins-mon-cor-asseza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXII, Ira e dolor s' es dins mon cor asseza,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/el-temps-quan-vey-cazer-fuelhas-flors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIII, El temps quan vey cazer fuelhas e flors,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxiv-qui-vol-aver-complida-amistansa.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIV, Qui vol aver complida amistansa</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ab-grans-trebalhs-marrimens.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXV, Ab grans trebalhs et ab grans marrimens</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes historiques.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En aquest guai sonet leugier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Me vuelh en cantan esbaudir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar hom que no s dona alegrier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No sai que puesc esdevenir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu me vuelh ab joy tenir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab <a href="https://tresorfelibrige.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los pros de Proensa</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui renhan ab conoissensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab belha captenensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si qu' om no 'ls en pot escarnir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De conquerre fin pretz entier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Agra ieu talen e dezir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no m' en falhisson denier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E rendas, don pogues complir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los fagz qu' ieu volgra mantenir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas pus a dieu non agensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu puesca far gran valensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gardar me dei de falhensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al meins, e d' aiso qu' ai servir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar pretz no demanda ni quier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab sels qui volen obezir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tant quant al poder s' afier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que hom se guart de falhir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' aisel que trop vol tenir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A molt petit de sciensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar l' avers non a valensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas quar hom en trai guirensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quar hom s' en pot far grazir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A l' emperador dreiturier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/federico-ii-hohenstaufen-emperador-que-desafio-papa_15842" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Frederic</a> vuelh mandar e dir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que, si mielhs no mante l' <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=imperi" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">empier</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Milan lo cuida conquerir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab grans faitz, e fai s' en auzir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don vos jur per ma crezensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que pauc pretz sa conoissensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E son sen e sa sabensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' en breu no l' en sap far pentir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dona sai ab cors plazentier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don negus hom no pot mal dir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no tem gap de lauzengier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sap los melhors retenir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab honrar et ab aculhir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan gen fenis e comensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So solatz e sa parvensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en re non hi fai falhensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a car nom per encarzir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Na Johana d' Est agensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A totz los pros, ses falhensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ie m vuelh ab los pros tenir.</span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Ventadour" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernard de Ventadour</a>.<br /><br />//<br /><br />Index:<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ii-un-sirventes-on-motz-non-falh.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">II, Un sirventes on motz non falh</a></span></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iii-ges-de-far-sirventes-no-m-tartz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III, Ges de far sirventes no m tartz,</a></span></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iv-pus-ventedorn-e-comborn-e-segur.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IV, Pus Ventedorn e Comborn e Segur</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/v-un-sirventes-fatz-dels-malvatz-barons.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">V, Un sirventes fatz dels malvatz barons,</a></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/sirventes-no-qual-far-longor-ganda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VI, D' un sirventes no m qual far longor ganda,</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lo-coms-mandat-mogut-per-en-ramon-uc-esparro.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VII, Lo coms m' a mandat e mogut,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/viii-rassa-mes-se-son-primier.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VIII, Rassa, mes se son primier</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ix-ges-no-mi-desconort-s-ieu-ai-perdut.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IX, Ges no mi desconort S' ieu ai perdut,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ieu-chan-reys-preguat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">X, Ieu chan, qu' el Reys m' en a preguat</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xi-gent-fai-nostre-reis-liouranda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XI, Gent fai nostre reis liouranda,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xii-pus-lo-gens-terminis-floritz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XII, Pus lo gens terminis floritz</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiii-greu-m-es-deisendre-carcol.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIII, Greu m' es deisendre carcol,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiv-quan-vey-pels-vergiers-desplegar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIV, Quan vey pels vergiers desplegar</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xv-pus-li-baron-son-irat-e-lor-peza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XV, Pus li baron son irat e lor peza</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvi-al-dous-nou-termini-blanc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVI, Al dous nou termini blanc</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvii-s-ieu-fos-aissi-senhers-e-poderos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVII, S' ieu fos aissi senhers e poderos</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/miez-sirventes-vueilh-far-dels-reis-amdos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVIII, Miez sirventes vueilh far dels reis amdos,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xix-non-estarai-mon-chantar-non-esparja.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIX, Non estarai mon chantar non esparja,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xx-quan-la-novella-flors-par-el-verjan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XX, Quan la novella flors par el verjan</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxi-un-sirventes-farai-novelh-plazen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXI, Un sirventes farai novelh, plazen</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxii-ja-nuls-hom-pres-non-dira-sa-razon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXII, Ja nuls hom pres non dira sa razon</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxiii-del-rei-d-arragon-consir.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIII, Del rei d' Arragon consir,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/quor-qu-om-trobes-florentis-orgulhos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIV, Quor qu' om trobes Florentis orgulhos,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxv-sendatz-vermelhs-endis-e-ros.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXV, Sendatz vermelhs, endis e ros,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxvi-bel-m-es-cant-aug-lo-resso.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXVI, Bel m' es cant aug lo resso</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ab-greu-cossire-fau-sirventes-cozen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXVII, Ab greu cossire Fau sirventes cozen; Bernard Sicart de Marjevols.</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/foilla-ni-flors-ni-chautz-temps-ni-freidura.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXVIII, Foilla ni flors ni chautz temps ni freidura</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/en-aquell-temps-reys-mori-anfos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIX, En aquell temps qu' el reys mori 'N Anfos</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/un-sirventes-faire-es-mos-pessamenz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXX, D' un sirventes faire Es mos pessamenz (Pierre de la Caravane)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxi-quant-vei-lo-temps-renovellar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXI, Quant vei lo temps renovellar, (Bertrand de Born, le fils)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxii-ja-de-far-un-nou-sirventes.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXII, Ja de far un nou sirventes</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxiii-ja-no-vuelh-do-ni-esmenda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXIII, Ja no vuelh do ni esmenda (Bernard de Rovenac)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/sirventes-grans-volontatz-preza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXIV, D' un sirventes m' es grans volontatz preza, (Bernard de Rovenac)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxv-doas-coblas-farai-en-aqest-son.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXV, Doas coblas farai en aqest son</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxvi-seigneiras-e-cavals-armatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXVI, Seigneiras e cavals armatz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ja-non-creirai-en-gui-de-cavaillon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXVII, Ja non creirai d' En Gui de Cavaillon</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_18.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXVIII, Estiers mon grat mi fan dir villanatge</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxix-belh-m-es-quan-d-armas-aug-refrim.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXIX, Belh m' es quan d' armas aug refrim (Guillaume de Montagnagout)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xl-guerra-e-trebalhs-e-brega-m-platz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XL, Guerra e trebalhs e brega m platz, (Boniface de Castellane)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xli-gerra-mi-play-quan-la-vey-comensar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLI, Gerra mi play quan la vey comensar,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlii-peire-salvagg-en-greu-pessar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLII, Peire salvagg', en greu pessar</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xliii-de-l-arcivesque-mi-sap-bon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLIII, De l' arcivesque mi sap bon</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ja-de-chantar-nulh-temps-no-serai-mutz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLIV Ja de chantar nulh temps no serai mutz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlv-un-sirventes-farai-ses-alegratge.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLV, Un sirventes farai ses alegratge,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlvi-en-luec-de-verjanz-floritz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLVI, En luec de verjanz floritz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ges-no-m-es-greu-s-eu-non-sui-ren-prezatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLVII, Ges no m' es greu s' eu non sui ren prezatz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlviii-mout-que-sovinenza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLVIII, Mout a que sovinenza</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlix-entre-dos-reis-vei-mogut-et-enpres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLIX, Entre dos reis vei mogut et enpres</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/l-mout-fort-me-sui-d-un-chan-meravillatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L, Mout fort me sui d' un chan meravillatz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/li-on-hom-plus-aut-es-pueiatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LI, On hom plus aut es pueiatz,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lii-comte-karle-ie-us-vuelh-far-entenden.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LII, Comte Karle, ie us vuelh far entenden</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/liii-al-bon-rey-qu-es-reys-de-pretz-car.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LIII, Al bon rey qu' es reys de pretz car,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/liv-nostre-reys-qu-es-d-onor-ses-par.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LIV, Nostre reys qu' es d' onor ses par (Bernard d' Auriac)</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/francx-reys-frances-per-cuy-son-angevi.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LV, Francx reys frances, per cuy son Angevi,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lvi-ancmais-per-aital-razo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LVI, Ancmais per aital razo</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tant-onratz-verays-ressos-plazens.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LVII, Tant m' es l' onratz, verays ressos plazens,</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes divers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br />Index:<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/cominal-vielh-flac-playdes-garin-apchier.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">I, cominal, vielh, flac, playdes</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ii-mos-cominals-fai-ben-parer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">II, mos Cominals fai ben parer</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iii-comtor-d-apchier-rebuzat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III, Comtor d' Apchier rebuzat,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iv-ancmais-tan-gen-no-vi-venir-pascor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IV, Ancmais tan gen no vi venir pascor,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/v-reis-pus-vos-de-mi-chantatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">V, Reis, pus vos de mi chantatz,</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vergoigna-aura-breument-nostre-evesque-cantaire.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VI, Vergoigna aura breument nostre evesque cantaire,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vii-mout-mi-plai-quan-vey-dolenta.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VII, Mout mi plai quan vey dolenta</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/belh-m-es-quan-vey-camjar-lo-senhoratge.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VIII, Belh m' es quan vey camjar lo senhoratge,</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ix-guerra-e-trebalh-vei-et-afan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IX, Guerra e trebalh vei et afan</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/x-quan-lo-dous-temps-d-abril.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">X, Quan lo dous temps d' abril</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xi-sirventes-e-chansos-lais.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XI, Sirventes e chansos lais</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xii-ar-faray-sitot-no-m-platz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XII, Ar faray, sitot no m platz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiii-ara-farai-no-m-puesc-tener.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIII, Ara farai, no m puesc tener,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiv-no-m-agrad-iverns-ni-pascors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIV, no m agrad iverns ni pascors</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xv-d-un-sirventes-far-ai-gran-talen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XV, D' un sirventes a far ai gran talen,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/de-nuilla-ren-non-es-tan-grans-cardatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVI, De nuilla ren non es tan grans cardatz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvii-tans-ricx-clergues-vey-trasgitar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVII, Tans ricx clergues vey trasgitar</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/per-espassar-ira-dolor-ay-dins-mon-cor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVIII, Per espassar l' ira e la dolor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xix-joan-fabre-yeu-ai-fach-un-deman.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIX, Joan Fabre, yeu ai fach un deman</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xx-messonget-un-sirventes.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XX, Messonget, un sirventes</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxi-pus-chai-la-fuelha-del-garric.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXI, Pus chai la fuelha del garric</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxii-belha-m-es-la-flors-d-aguilen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXII, Belha m' es la flors d' aguilen,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxiii-chantarai-d-aquetz-trobadors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIII, Chantarai d' aquetz trobadors</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxiv-pus-mos-coratge-s-esclarzis.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIV, Pus mos coratge s' esclarzis</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxv-auiatz-de-chan-com-enans-se-meillura.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXV, Auiatz de chan com enans se meillura,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/belh-m-es-quan-vey-pels-vergiers-e-pels-pratz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXVI, Belh m' es quan vey pels vergiers e pels pratz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxvii-no-m-laissarai-per-paor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXVII, No m laissarai per paor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxviii-sirventes-vuelh-far.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXVIII, Sirventes vuelh far</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxix-greu-m-es-durar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIX, Greu m' es a durar,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxx-ieu-ai-ja-vista-manhta-rey.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXX, Ieu ai ja vista manhta rey</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/qui-se-membra-del-segle-passatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXI, Qui se membra del segle qu' es passatz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxii-lo-segle-m-es-camjatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXII, Lo segle m' es camjatz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/per-lo-mon-fan-los-uns-dels-autres-rancura.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXIII, Per lo mon fan l' us dels autres rancura</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxiv-del-tot-vey-remaner-valor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXIV, Del tot vey remaner valor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxv-un-sirventes-fas-en-luec-de-jurar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXV, Un sirventes fas en luec de jurar,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxvi-falsedatz-e-desmezura.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXVI, Falsedatz e desmezura</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ticx-hom-que-greu-ditz-vertat-e-leu-men.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXVII, Ricx hom que greu ditz vertat e leu men,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxviii-li-clerc-si-fan-pastor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXVIII, Li clerc si fan pastor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxxix-per-folhs-tenc-polles-e-lombartz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXIX, Per folhs tenc Polles e Lombartz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xltos-temps-azir-falsetat-et-enjan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XL. Tos temps azir falsetat et enjan,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xli-tals-cuia-be-aver-filh-de-s-espoza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLI, Tals cuia be Aver filh de s' espoza,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlii-pus-ma-boca-parla-sens.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLII, Pus ma boca parla sens</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xliii-qui-ve-gran-maleza-faire.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLIII, Qui ve gran maleza faire</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xliv-tartarassa-ni-voutor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLIV, Tartarassa ni voutor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlv-tot-atressi-com-fortuna-de-ven.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLV, Tot atressi com fortuna de ven</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlvi-tan-son-valen-nostre-vezi.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLVI, Tan son valen nostre vezi,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlvii-razos-es-qu-ieu-m-esbaudey.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLVII, Razos es qu' ieu m' esbaudey,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlviii-un-sirventes-novel-vuelh-comensar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLVIII, Un sirventes novel vuelh comensar</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xlix-una-cieutat-fo-no-sai-quals.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLIX, Una cieutat fo, no sai quals,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/l-pus-peyre-d-alvernhe-chantat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">L. Pus Peyre d' Alvernhe a chantat</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/li-l-autre-jorn-m-en-pugiey-al-cel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LI, L' autre jorn m' en pugiey al cel,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lii-de-sirventes-aurai-gran-ren-perdutz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LII, De sirventes aurai gran ren perdutz,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ab-gran-dreg-son-maint-gran-seignor-del-mon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LIII, Ab gran dreg son maint gran seignor del mon</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/liv-per-tot-so-c-om-sol-valer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LIV, Per tot so c' om sol valer</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lv-qui-ha-talen-de-donar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LV, Qui ha talen de donar</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lvi-mon-sirventes-tramet-al-cominal.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LVI, Mon sirventes tramet al cominal</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/blog-post_20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LVII, Cristias vey perilhar Per colpa dels regidors,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lviii-qui-m-disses-non-dos-ans.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LVIII, Qui m disses, non a dos ans,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/fortz-guerra-fai-tot-lo-mon-guerreiar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LIX, Fortz guerra fai tot lo mon guerreiar</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lxvertatz-es-atras-tirada.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LX, Vertatz es atras tirada</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">I.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cominal, <a href="https://aguelosebeta.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vielh</a>, flac, playdes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/12/fuster-jordi-pujol.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Paubre d' aver</a> et escas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant faitz malvatz sirventes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que del respondre sui las;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l vostra cavalaria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Venra tota ad un dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant er so denan detras,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' avol bo e 'l bo malvas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc un bon mot non fezes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non i agues dos malvatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ie us tolrai vostre ses,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon chan ab que us fermiatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar chantatz ab vilania;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l comtessa m' en chastia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ten Beders e Burlas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ditz que vos rebuzas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc sagramen non tengues</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del tornel, quant l' avias;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni nul temps ver non disses,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si mentir non cuidavas;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et anas queren tot dia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om se fi, e qui se fia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tenetz lo taulier e 'ls datz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del joc sabetz assatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ie us tolia Vivares,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' Argentiera e 'l Solas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On lor comtes mans orbes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mezures vos hom lo vas;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quant Ponstorstz vos payssia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Sanh Laurens vos vestia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Siatz totz paubres e ras,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sieus es enquer, si us plas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et avetz tan de mal pres</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aras e d' aissi entras,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non sai cum vos tolgues</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l pe no us toli o 'l nas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O 'ls huelhs, o no us aussizia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no fos la confrairia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Chassier e de Carlas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab los pecols anaras.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ii-mos-cominals-fai-ben-parer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Garin d' Apchier</a>.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">II.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mos Cominals fai ben parer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que si 'l saubes dire ni far</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So qu' a mi degues enuiar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el en faria son poder;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas jovens e poders li falh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E paubreira e veillors l' assalh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' al guerrier non fai paor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non a amic ni senhor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no 'l tenha per enueyos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tan quant ditz nostras tensos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s' ieu lo vuelh ben dechazer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el vuelha tolre mon chantar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja non er qu' ilh don' a manjar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'l vuelha albergar un ser;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas metray lo chan din serralh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el soven trembl' e badalh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que la verchieira de sa sor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vendet de son gay maint pastor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car lai vivia ab sos lairos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Emblan las fedas e 'ls moutos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc ab armas non sap valer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom meinz, tant s' en volgues lauzar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni als guerriers, mas ab parlar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No saup hom meinz de dan tener;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas soven mov guerra et assalh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A sels que an croz e sonalh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don mil monge dins refeitor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pregan, ploran, nostre senhor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en Ponstortz e 'n Sanz Laurens fos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si cum es vielhs e sofraitos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Leialtat sol molt mantener,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E falsetat totz temps blasmar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas al tornei la i vim laissar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del tot metr' en non chaler;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que ditz lo par de Neralh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que home que nafre e talh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E prenda son lige senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni qu' el toilla castel ni tor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No 'l deu mantener nulhs homs pros,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el no 'l mante ni 'n randos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja nulh marit non cal temer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lui, ni sa molher gardar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans lo pot laissar domneiar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et estar ab leys a lezer;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quals qu' el de bois vil entalh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deboissar lo pot d' aital talh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses pel, ses carn e ses color</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ses joven e ses vigor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E d' ome qu' es d' aital faysos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non deu esser maritz gelos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Garin d' Apchier.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">III.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Comtor d' Apchier rebuzat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pos de chan vos es laissat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Recrezut vos lays e mat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Luenh de tota benanansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vencut, de guerra sobrat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Comtor, mal encompanhat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab pauc de vi e de blat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plen d' enuey e de carn ransa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aisi prenc de vos comjatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pois may de mi no chantatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del vostre vielh barat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de vostra vielha pansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del nas tort, mal talhat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del veser biaisat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tal vos a dieus tornat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' anas co escut e lansa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Be us a breujat lo corril</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Monlaur que tenias per vil, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que de may tro qu' en abril</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos fay estar en balansa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non aves senhoril,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant aut son dur cor apil!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ja us trobon en plan mil,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que m pren de vos pezansa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Can vos clavon lo cortil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sil que us son deus lo capil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tornat de brau humil,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tout chant et alegransa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s' anc raubes loc mongil,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ara us faitz dire a mil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dieus e l' orde clergil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos a tout pretz et onransa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pos de chantar em al som</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aiss' ie us desampar lo nom;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot vostr' argen torn en plom,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vostr' afar desenansa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vilhet pus blanc d' un colom,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Be us menon de tom en tom,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no sabetz qui ni com;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tart seres mais reis de Fransa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cominal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ancmais tan gen no vi venir pascor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el ve guarnitz de solatz e de chan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ve guarnitz de guerra e de mazan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ve guarnitz d' esmay e de paor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ve guarnitz de gran cavalairia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ve guarnitz d' una gran manentia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tals sol pro cosselhar e dormir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ara vay gent bras levat aculhir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belh m' es quan vey que boyer e pastor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Van si marrit q' us no sap vas o s' an,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E belh quan vey que 'l ric baro metran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So don eron avar e guillador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ara dara tals que cor non avia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E montara 'l pages qu' aunir solia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que grans guerra, quant hom no i pot gandir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai mal senhor vas los sieus afranquir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab nulha gent no trob om tan d' amor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni tan de fe, segon lo mieu semblan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com ab los sieus, que ja no falhiran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En nulha re, sol qu' om no falha lor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas a senhor qu' els sieus forsa e gualia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non pot hom fe portar ni senhoria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ab los sieus qui los sap gen baillir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pot hom lo sieu gardar e conquerir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El mon non a thesaurs ni gran ricor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que si' aunitz, sapchatz qu' ieu prez un guan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aitan tost mor, mas non o sabon tan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avols cum bos; e vida ses valor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pretz meyns que mort, e pretz mais tota via</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Honor e pretz qu' aunida manentia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar selh es folhs que se fai escarnir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E selh savis que se fai gen grazir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al pro comte de Tolza mon senhor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Prec que 'l membre qu' il valc ni qu' il tenc dan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que valha a cels que valgut l' an, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sian ric per lui bon servidor; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el savis dis que cel qui be volria </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esser amatz, ames be ses bauzia, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car qui be vol baissar ni frevolhir </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sos enemics, bos amics deu chauzir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bernard Arnaud de Montouc.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">V.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Reis, pus vos de mi chantatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trobat avetz chantador;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tan me faitz de paor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que m torn a vos forsatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E plazentiers vos en son:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas d' aitan vos ochaizon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ueymais laissatz vostre fieus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m mandetz querre los mieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu no soy reis coronatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni hom de tan gran ricor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que puesc' a mon for, senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Defendre mas heretatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas vos, que li Turc felon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Temion mais que leon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Reis e ducx, e coms d' Angieus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sufretz que Gisors es sieus!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc no fuy vostre juratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E conoissi ma folor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tant caval milsoudor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tant esterlis pezatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Donetz mon cosin Guion;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So m dizon siey companhon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tos temps segran vostr' estrieus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol tant larc vos tenga dieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Be m par, quan vos diziatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu soli' aver valor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m laysassetz ses honor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys que bon me laysavatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero dieus m' a fag tan bon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' entr' el Puey et Albusson</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Puesc remaner entr' els mieus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu no soi sers ni juzieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Senher valens et honratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m' avetz donat alhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no m sembles camjador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ves vos m' en fora tornatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas nostre reis de saison</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rend Ussoir' e lais Usson;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l cobrar es me mot lieus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu n' ai sai agut sos brieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu soi mot entalentatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vos e de vostr' amor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el coms, que us fes tan d' onor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' Engolmes n' es gen pagatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que Tolvera e la mayson,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A guiza de larc baron,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li donetz, qu' anc non fos grieus;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So m' a comtat us romieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Reis, hueymais me veiretz pron,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tal dona m' en somon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cui soi tan finamen sieus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que totz sos comans m' es lieus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Dauphin d' Auvergne.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vergoigna aura breument nostre evesque cantaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol veigna lo legatz que non tarzara gaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E farem denan lui los sirventes retraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O pels mieus o pels sieus lo cuig de l' orden traire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc mieils non o conquis lo seigner de Belcaire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol dieus gart lo legat que per aver no s vaire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no s vaira 'l legatz e vol gardar dreitura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ades nos ostara sa falsa creatura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Alverne, be us garnic de gran mal' aventura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui 'l fetz governador de la sainta escriptura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Be s pot meravillar qui conois sa figura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cossi s' ausa vestir de sainta vestidura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li vestiment son saint, mas fals' es sa persona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum cel que rauba e tol e pren, e ren non dona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas vai guerra mesclan plus que 'l Turcs de Mairona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E saup mieils prezicar la comtessa d' Artona;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si fos nostre vezis lo legatz de Narbona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais non portera anel ni crossa ni corona.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc tan fals coronat non ac en esta terra;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Grans meravilla es cum tota gens non erra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que nuills hom son amic ses aver non sosterra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quan pot tant donar, costa il mil solz la bera;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab deniers dels mortz alonga al rei sa guerra:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aitan l' azire dieus cum el ama Englaterra.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Englaterra ama el ben e fai gran fellonia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lo reis l' a cregut de mais qu' el non avia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quant el li promes que del frair' el creiria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fetz li frangner Mausac, quan lo reis lo tenia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal portara honor al rei ni seignoria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pois no la porta a dieu ni a sa preueiria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' evesques me dis mal segon sa fellonia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu li port ades honor e cortesia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas s' ieu dir en volgues so qu' ieu dir en sabria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El perdria l' evescat et ieu ma cortesia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Dauphin d' Auvergne.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mout mi plai quan vey dolenta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La malvada gent manenta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab paratge mov contenta;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E m plai quan los vey desfar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De jorn en jorn vint o trenta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls trop nutz ses vestimenta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E van lur pan acaptar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s' ieu ment, m' amia m menta.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vilas a costum de trueia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que de gent viure s' enueia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quant en gran ricor pueia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' aver lo fai folleiar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que 'l deu hom la tremueia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totas sazos tener vueia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l deu del sieu despensar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E far sufrir vent e plueia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui son vilan non aerma</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En deslialtat lo ferma,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' es fols qui be no 'l merma,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan lo vetz sobrepuiar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vilas, pus si conferma</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En tan ferm loc si referma,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De maleza non a par,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tot quan cossec aderma.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja vilan non deu hom planher,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l vetz bras o camba franher</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ren de sos ops sofranher,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vilan, si dieus m' ampar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A cel que pus li pot tanher,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per planher ni per complanher,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nuls hom no 'l deu ajudar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enans deu lo fag refranher.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rassa, vilana tafura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plena d' enjan e d' uzura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' erguelh e de desmezura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lur faitz non pot hom durar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar dieu geton a non cura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E leialtat e drechura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Adam cuion contrafar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus lur don mal' aventura!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand de Born.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">VIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belh m' es quan vey camjar lo senhoratge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls viels laisson als joves lurs maizos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quascus pot laissar en son linhatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aitans d' efans que l' us puesc' esser pros:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Adoncs m' es belh qu' el segle renovelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mielhs que per flor, ni per chantar d' auzelh.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui dona ni senhor vol camjar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vielh per jove ben deu renovelar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vielha la tenc dona pus capelaya,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es vielha quan cavalier non a;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vielha la tenc si de dos drutz s' apaya,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es vielha si avols hom l' o fa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vielha la tenc s' ama dins son castelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es vielha mal' ha ops de fachelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vielha la tenc pos l' ennueion juglar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es vielha quan trop vuelha parlar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joves dona que sap honrar paratge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es joves per bos fagz quan los fa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jove se te quant a adreg coratge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vas bon pretz avol mestier non a;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jove se te quan guarda son cors belh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es joves dona quan be s capdelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jove se te quan no y cal devinar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab belh jovent se guart de mal estar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joves es hom que lo sieu ben enguatge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es joves quant es ben sofraitos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jove se te quan pro 'l costa ostatge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es joves quan fa estraguat dos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jove se te quant art l' arqua e 'l vaixelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fai estorn e vouta e sembelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jove se te quan li plai domneiar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es joves quan ben l' aman juglar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vielhs es ricx hom quan re no met en guatge, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li sobra blat e vis e bacos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per vielh lo tenc liura huous e formatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A jorn carnal si e sos companhos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per vielh quan viest capa sobre mantelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vielh si a caval qu' om sieu apelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Viels es quan vol un jorn en patz estar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vielhs si pot guandir ses baratar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon sirventesc port e vielh e novelh, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Arnaut juglar, a Richart qu' el capdelh, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ja thesaur vielh no vuelh' amassar, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab thesaur jove pot pretz guazanhar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand de Born.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">IX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guerra e trebalh vei et afan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sofrir a mant baron truan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pauc m' es del dol e menz del dan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que m vueilh alegrar chantan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar ab joi vauc et ab joi pes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pensamens no m' enpacha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni sabers no m fai sofracha</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De far un novel sirventes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guerra m plai, sitot guerra m fan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amors e ma domna tot l' an;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar per guerra vei trair' enan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cortz e domnei, solatz e chan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guerra fai de vilan cortes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que m plai guerra ben facha, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E m plai quan la trega es fracha </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels Esterlins e dels Tornes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esterlins e Tornes camjan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tollen e meten e donan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Veirem de ill dui reis, ans d' un an,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo menz croi, segon mon semblan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero 'l senhers coms, ducs, marques,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">N' a ben sa pegnora tracha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas metre lo fan per gaicha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So dizon Gascon et Engles.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En breu veirem qual mais poiran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sofrir lo maltrach e 'l mazan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mant caval bai e mant ferran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Veirem e mant elm e mant bran,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mant colp ferir demanes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mant bratz, manta testa fracha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mant mur, manta tor desfacha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mant castel forsat et conques.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ges non crei Frances ses deman</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tengan lo deseret que fan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A tort a mant baron presan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero meravilha m don gran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del seinhor dels Aragones,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar ab lor dan non destacha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueis sai nos ades a pacha</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Desmandat a coms, duc, marques.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui s vuelha n' aia mal o bes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O enpacha, o desenpacha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O bratz rotz, o testa fracha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tan m' es del mort com del pres.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gay mi ten una bella res,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avinens, joves, ben facha,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai ab lei aital pacha</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com an Pisan ab Genoes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand de Born.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">X.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan lo dous temps d' abril</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fa 'ls arbres secs fulhar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls auzelhs mutz cantar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quascun en son lati,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben volgr' aver en mi</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poder de tal trobar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum pogues castiar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Las domnas de falhir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mal ni dan no m' en pogues venir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu cugiey entre mil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Una lial trobar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan cuiava sercar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totas an un trahi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fan o atressi</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Col laire al bendar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que demanda son par</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per sas antas sofrir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el mazans totz sobre lui no s vir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant an prim e subtil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lur cor per enganar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' una non pot estar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sa par non gali;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys s' en gab e s' en ri,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan la ve folleiar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui d' autruy afar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si sap tan gent formir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben es semblans qu' el sieu sapch' enantir. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E selha que del fil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A sos ops no pot far,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ad autra en fai filar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ja peior mati</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No us qual de mal vezi;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que so qu' avetz plus car</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos faran azirar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tal ren abelhir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que de mil ans no vos poiretz jauzir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si las tenetz tan vil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que las vulhatz blasmar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sempre us iran jurar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sobre las dens N Arpi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que so qu' om ditz que vi</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s fai a consirar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E saubran vos pregar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan gent ab lur mentir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lurs enjans nulhs hom no s pot guandir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui en loc feminil</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuia feutat trobar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben fai a castiar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu dic qu' en loc cani</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vai ben sercar sai:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui vol comandar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al milan ni baillar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sos poletz per noyrir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja us dels grans no m don pois per raustir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc Rainartz d' Isengri</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s saup tan gent venjar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan lo fetz escorjar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E il det per escarnir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Capel e gans, com ieu fas quan m' azir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Donas, pois castiar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No us voletz de falhir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amtas e dans vos n' aven a sufrir.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Pierre de Bussignac.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes e chansos lais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tot quan suelh far ni dire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ja no 'n parlarai mais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar des que fui natz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mi sui trebalhatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum pogues mi dons defendre </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels manens malvatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tot es niens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' aurs e l' argens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El vis e 'l fromens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai ves si atraire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dona de mal aire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' am e la bais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que 'l senhorey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sitot s' es de malvada ley.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jamais feutres ni gambais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Solatz, ni motz que fan rire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni torneys, on hom s' eslais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No seran prezatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Servitz ni honratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per elms ni per escutz fendre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tals temps es tornatz!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar s' etz belhs e gens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Larcx et avinens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non etz manens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No vos valra gaire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us fals d' avol aire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vilas e putnais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Part vos non estey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab deniers que tenha e maney.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Era 'n faran colh e cais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si m vau josta lor assire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Las falsas, cui dieus abais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et er me vedatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo joys e 'l solatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar conosc e sai entendre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Las lurs malvestatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys las avols gens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Diran entre dens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu sui mal dizens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu, per mon paire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuiava lur traire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo pel don lur nais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Malvestatz, e vey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per un lur en naisson trey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un pauc estan en bon plais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan si podon escondire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al prim que jovens las pais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tro qu' es aut montatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lur pretz ves totz latz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas pueys lo fan bas deyssendre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab lur orretatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En fan per totz sens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lurs drutz conoyssens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu serai lens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De tornar al laire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si m' en puesc estraire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar totz malvatz fais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Porta qui las crey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E parec en la cub' al rey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ges ab donas no m' irais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ja negus no s cossire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu per lur mal dir engrais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tan suy iratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan vey lur beutatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lay, on no s' eschay, despendre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ay ajustatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aitals motz cozens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lur es grans sens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E castiamens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar quant aug retraire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La foudatz ni braire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cove que s biais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que no folley,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans fassa so que ben l' estey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mielhs mi vai qu' al rey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab que m melhur e non sordey.</span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre de Bussignac.</span></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar faray, sitot no m platz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chantar verses ni chansos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes en son joyos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sai qu' en seray blasmatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas del senhor suy servire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per nos suferc martir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en crotz deynhet morir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu no m tem de ver dire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vey qu' el temps s' es camjatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls auzelletz de lurs sos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E paratges que chai jos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vilas coutz son prezatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Clercx e Frances cuy azire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu per ver vey dregz delir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E merces e pretz veuzir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus m' en do so qu' ieu 'n dezire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant es grans lur cobeytatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dreytura n' es al jos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et enjans e tracios</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es dreitz per elhs apellatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don pretz, dos, solatz e rire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Franh, e vezem car tenir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los malvatz que ges servir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non podon dieu ni ver dire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu suy al cor iratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar aissi s pert ad estros</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per sofracha d' omes bos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquest segle ves totz latz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu vey qu' hom met en azire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Drechura per fals mentir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l tort ans qu' el drech escrir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l mals enans qu' el bes dire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joglars, ben son desamatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La flor dels valens baros</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuy cortz, dompneyars e dos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plazion joys e solatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' er, si re als voletz dire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos pessaran descarnir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar ja no 'ls pot abellir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aver aver lur tolh rire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo valens coms, sens fench dire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mante pretz e s fa grazir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' Astarac, e 'l platz servir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E donar e joy e rire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume Anelier de Toulouse.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ara farai, no m puesc tener,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un sirventes en est son gay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab bos motz leus per retener,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sitot chantar cum sol no m play;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar li ric son tan non chalen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el pretz ne perdon d' aquest mon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar cobeytatz los vay vensen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don proeza s bayssa e s cofon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar aras no ven a plazer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joys ni deportz ni pretz veray,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enans creys malvestatz per ver</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E falsetatz contra ver vay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E paratges pren aunimen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per vilas coutz on totz be s fon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tan son ples de mal talen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tot bon fag de lor s' escon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui vol de lor grat aver</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Er ses merce ab cor savay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fara tot fach per aver</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol que n' aya, que pueys n' er may</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Honratz e tengutz per paren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sia vengutz no sai don;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' er non es prezatz hom valen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si non a pro de que s' aon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas us enfans cobra poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es a paratge lums e ray,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ses elh no pogra valer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans er al bas per tos temps may,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tant a pres gran honramen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De selhs de qui fetz planqua e pon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Eychanple tal qu' ab cor temen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son Frances, quar tan prop li son.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don prec Ieshu Crist que poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li don e qu' el garde, si 'l play,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que clercx no 'l puescon dan tener</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab fals prezicx totz ples d' esglay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tant es grans lur trichamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el fuecx enfernals plus preon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ardran, quar volon tant argen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' hom peccaire fan cast e mon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A la gleiza falh son saber,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vol los Frances metre lay</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On non an dreg per nulh dever,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gieton cristias a glay</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per lengatge sens cauzimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar volon lo segle redon;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero en camp clercx non aten,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas de perdon daran un mon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo coms a laus de tota gen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' Astarac, e s' espenh amon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son pretz, et a en dar talen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E flac cor ab luy no s' apon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume Anelier de Toulouse.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m' agrad' iverns ni pascors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni clar temps ni fuelhs de guarricx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar mos enans me par destricx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E totz mos magers gaugz dolors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E son maltrag tug mei lezer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dezesperat mei esper;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si m sol amors e dompneys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tener guay plus que l' aigua 'l peys;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pus d' amdui me sui partitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum hom eyssellatz e marritz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot' autra vida m sembla mortz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tot autre joy desconortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus d' amor m' es falhida 'l flors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l dous frug e 'l gras e l' espicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don jauzi' ab plazens predicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pretz m' en sobrav' et honors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E m fazia entr' els pros caber,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Era m fai d' aut en bas chazer;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si no m sembles fols esfreys,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc flama tan tost non s' esteys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu for' esteyns e relenquitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E perdutz en fagz et en digz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo jorn que m venc lo desconortz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no m merma, cum que m' esfortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero no m comanda valors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si be m sui iratz et enicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu don gaug a mos enemicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan qu' en oblit pretz ni lauzors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar ben puesc dan e pro tener,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sai d' irat jauzens parer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sai entr' els Latis e 'ls Grezeis:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l marques, que l' espaza m ceis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guerreye lai blancs e droguitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et anc pus lo mons fo bastitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No fes nulha gens tan d' esfortz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum nos, quan dieus nos n' ac estortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belhas armas, bos feridors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Setges e calabres e picx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E traucar murs nous et anticx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E venser batalhas e tors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vey et aug, e non puesc vezer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ren que m puesc' ad amor valer;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vauc sercan ab rics arneys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guerras e coytas e torneys,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don sui, conquerenz, enrequitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pus joys d' amor m' es falhitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz lo mons me par sol uns ortz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mos chans no m' es mais conortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo Marques vey honrat e sors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Campanes, e 'l coms Enricx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sicar, Montos e Salanicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Costantinople socors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar gent sabon camp retener,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pot hom ben proar en ver;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ancmais nulha gent non ateys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aitan gran honor apareys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per bos vassals, valens, arditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E nostr' emperi conqueritz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieus trameta nos esfortz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' elh se trai' a cap nostre sortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc Alixandres no fetz cors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni Karles ni 'l reys Lodoycx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant honrat; ni 'l coms N Aimericx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni Rotlan ab sos ponhedors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No saubron tan gen conquerer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan ric emperi per poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum nos, don pueia nostra leys;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' emperadors e ducx e reys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avem fagz, e castels garnitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pres dels Turcx e dels Arabitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ubertz los camis e 'ls portz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Brandis tro al bratz Sanh Jortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncs que m val conquitz ni ricors?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu ja m tenia per plus ricx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant era amatz e fis amicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E m payssia cortes' amors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">N' amava mais un sol plazer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sai gran terr' e gran aver;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ades on plus mos poders creys,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">N' ai maior ir' ab me mezeis;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus mos Belhs Cavaliers grazitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E joys m' es lunhatz e faiditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don no m venra jamais conortz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' es mager l' ira e plus fortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belhs dous Engles, francx et arditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cortes, essenhatz, essernitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos etz de totz mos gaugz conortz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quar viu ses vos fatz esfortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per vos er Damas envazitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Jerusalem conqueritz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l regnes de Suria estortz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els Turcx o trobon en lur sortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los pelegris perjurs faiditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que nos an sai en camp gequitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui los manten en cort es tortz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quascus val meins vius que mortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Rambaud de Vaqueiras.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' un sirventes a far ai gran talen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E farai lo, si dieus me benezia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tot lo mon vey tornar en nien,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que negus hom l' us en l' autre no s fia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans si m sirvetz, vos farai ab falsia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tro que us aya fach lo vostre perden,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aissi a gran desconoissemen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que ns dona dieus gran mal quascun dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de tot be frachura e carestia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De la gleysa vos dic primeiramen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que y corr engans, e far non o deuria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar cobeitatz la lassa e la pren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per deniers perdonon que que sia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E prezicon la gens la nueg e 'l dia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non aion enveya ni talen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De nulha ren, mas ges elhs non an sen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E devedon renou e raubaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et elhs fan lo, e d' elhs pren hom la via.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A legistas vey far gran falhimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E corr entr' elhs grans bautucx e bauzia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tot bon dreg fan tornar a nien,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fan tener de tort la dreyta via,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en aissi dampno l' arma e la via;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que n' iran trastug a perdemen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ins en yfern, e sofriran turmen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E greu dolor e peior malautia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En escurdat, ab fera companhia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En totz mestiers vey far galiamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol que y corra nulha mercadaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar messorguier son compran e venden,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ses mentir negus hom no us vendria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gieton dieu e la verge Maria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En messorgas per cobeitat d' argen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ailas! caytiu, quo no son conoyssen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que als deniers donon tal senhoria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que perdon dieu qu' els ten totz en bailia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar vey lo mon mal e desconoyssen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E senes fe e de tot avol guia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar hom paupres non troba ab manen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nulh' amistat, si gazanh no y vezia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E doncx aisselh que ns a formatz e ns cria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sofri mort oltra son mandamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faym quascun jorn, e faym dieu de l' argen, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E per deniers lo meten en oblia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a la fin negus non porta mia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ancmais non ayc coratge ni talen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De repentir, mas aras si podia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar quascun jorn propcham del fenimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que quascus cofessar si deuria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar gran signe en vi antan un dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ploc terra e sanc verayamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per so degram aver bon pessamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que valgues a son par qui podia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en aissi quascus s' emendaria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A mon Azaut vai corren e ten via</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mo sirventes, quar es flors de joven,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sobre totz yssaussa son pretz gen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sa valor e sa gaya paria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et agradans es en tot luec on sia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pons de Teza, dieu prec que us benezia, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar a totz etz de belh aculimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quascun jorn creyssetz vostr' onramen, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu me suy mes en vostra bailia, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar bona fi fai qui ab bon arbre s lia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pons de la Garde.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De nuilla ren non es tan grans cardatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum d' omes pros, e car n' es carestia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai n' a plaigner uns pros qan se cambia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et eu dic lo pel vescomt de Burlatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' auzit ai dir q' es de bon pretz camjatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car no il platz jes aitan cum sol valors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Eu non dic jes per so q' a mal so tenga,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enanz o fatz per respeig que reveigna;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vida es anta e desonors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui non a pretz segon q' es sa ricors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que hom non es tan pros ni tan prezatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non aia blasme de cui que sia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si us fols li ditz mal per follia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jes per aisso no s tenga per blasmatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enanz s' en deu tener per ben lauzatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que blasmes es del fol al pro lauzors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' eu li prec que mon conseill reteigna, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cum se sol captener se capteigna,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E laisse dir als nescis lor follors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ill conoissen en diran pro d' onors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu ai auzit mal dire d' En Blacatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per aisso non i s refrenet un dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E d' En Raimon Agout que tan valia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del marques de cui fon Monferratz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per aisso non semblet nuills iratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni non tolgron benfaig a cantadors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pauc vos ama, vescoms, qui us enseigna</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que de ben far hi de pretz no us soveigna;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Leu aura fait vostre fins pres son cors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si non avetz amics e lauzadors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De las domnas mi platz be lur honors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Caherci, e voill mal als seignors.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cadenet.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tans ricx clergues vey trasgitar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En aissi col trasgitaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que 'l filha c' an de comayre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan lur nepta al maridar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et atruep ne d' autres fols vers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que an tan d' ipocrisia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' om non conoys lor bauzia </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni l' enjans don lor ven l' avers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Falses clergue, e cals devers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es fassas tan gran folia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' el be mostres tot dia?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es be fols doncx vostres volers!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bos pastres non deu hom preyar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sas fedas per nulh afaire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que vos o vulhatz faire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es pastor, fariatz a cremar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui ben vol de dieu prezicar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non deu esser fols ventayre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car fols es lo prezicayre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ben ditz, e vuelha mal far;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fols si no 'l destrenh temers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fols qui s fenh que bos sia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fols sel que dieus oblia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fols qui sec sos vas plazers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On que s' an lo devis poders</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sap cal clercx fai bona via,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sap be la tricharia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels fals ples de totz mals sabers;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sap com per otracuiar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An portels tras lor repaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per on intran li cofraire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vergonhos, can van cofessar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mal qu' ilh fan deu hom blasmar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l ben grazir e retraire:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ufana non lor play gayre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que aisso lor puesc ieu lauzar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ricx manjars ni ricx jazers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni erguelh ni feunia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas empero tota via</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan so c' a dieu es desplazers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A sel hom cui es fis pretz vers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes, e cortezia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al mieu car senhor t' envia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dir qu' ie 'l prec que s gar de fals clercx;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' ieu soi sieus ses bauzia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per far e dir totz sos plazers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand Carbonel.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XVIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per espassar l' ira e la dolor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' ay dins mon cor, e per cofizamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' ay bon en dieu, fas lo comensamen </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' un sirventes contra la gran folor </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fals clergue fan sotz bela semblansa; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ilh dizon be, mas en vey ses doptansa </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ilh fan tot mal, don yeu ay dolor gran, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car sel que vai la lei de dieu mostran, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Degra ben far, e seguir drech semdier; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas cobeitat fay home messongier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Laia cauza es tengud' al doctor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So dis Catos, can nescis lo repren;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui mais val mais fay de falhimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Can falh en res, que us hom ses valor:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui prezica c' ayam en dieu fiansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fassam be per la su' amistansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sertas ben dis; mas lo repres deman</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' o dis per que fai nulh fach malestan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que honestat non porta costalier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni fier ni franh ni fay fach de murtrier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ai! fals clergue, messongier, traidor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Perjur, lairo, putanier, descrezen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant faitz de mals cascun jorn a prezen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tot lo mon avetz mes en error:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc Sans Peyre non tenc captal en Fransa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni fes renou, ans tenc drech la balansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De liautat; no faitz vos pas senblan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per argen anatz a tort vedan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys n' absolvetz, pueys no datz empachier, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys ses argen no y trob om deslieurier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non crezantz pas silh fol entendedor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Blasme totz clercx, mas los fals solamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni d' autra part no vazan entenden</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' aiso digua per doptansa de lor:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais que m plagra fezessan acordansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels reys que an guerr' e desacordansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si c' otra mar passessan est autr' an,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l Pap' ab els; e lay fezesson tan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que crestiantat s' en dones alegrier;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E valgra may, qu' encar son sa guerrier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar es ben dretz, pus ieu n' ai dich blasmor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el be qu' els fan laus e vaza dizen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Drap de color e vaysela d' argen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Refudan tot per dieu nostre senhor:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi 'ls gart dieus de mal e de pezansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com els non an ni erguelh ni bobansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni riquezas no van cobezeian,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni joc d' amor, mas autre dieu non an:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Adonc mostran can veian, qu' en l' armier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' en vay l' arma e la carn el carnier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al pus privat Proensal, ses doptansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que huey viva e de mais d' alegransa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vay, sirventes, a sel on car lay van</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Miey sirventes, dir qu' el pres qu' entr' enan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sosten, qu' el gart de fals clercx, car leugier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son a mal far e fals e messongier.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand Carbonel.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XIX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joan Fabre, yeu ai fach un deman</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A ton fraire, et a m' en bel espos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">G**, dis ieu, per que es fabre vos?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E respondec: Car ieu vau fabregan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aquel mestier que hom a, cal que sia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O d' aquel art lo vay lo mons seguen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' aysi n' a faitz dretz adhordenamen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncx qui foudat fay per aital semblan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dic ieu qu' es fols, c' aisi 'l jutja razos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es tracher sel que fay trassios;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es layres aysel que vay emblan:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui malvestat fay nulhs hom non poiria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tolre lo nom del malvat sertamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que fay bon renhar adrechamen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per tu, Joan, que vey anar obran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Malvayzamen, soi per sert cossiros;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ieu dizia que savis iest e pros,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon cor dira: Bertran, tu vas faulan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que anc nulh homs mays no fetz de fulia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni d' avoleza que Joans vay fazen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En son alberc, prezen de tota gen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab ta molher et ab tu va s colcan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E manj' e beu la femna d' un gibos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tos temps devetz esser fort doloiros,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Caitieu, dolens de ta folia gran.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A joc de datz o en bordelairia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Te troba hom, cant hom te vay queren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joan, per sert, mens vales de nien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz hom savis garda per adzenan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncx veyas y, e cals es tos ressos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l mal c' adutz fol' e vils messios,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On non yray mon sirventes selan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans lo volray ensenhar cascun dia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A tot home per so c' an retrazen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La malvestat del teu cor recrezen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joan, car ieu t' ay amat ses bauzia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E t' am encars, te vau aiso dizen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' amicx non es qui non o fay parven.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand Carbonel.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Messonget, un sirventes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">M' as quist, e donar l' o t' ay</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al pus tost que ieu poyrai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El son d' En Arnaut Plagues;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que autr' aver no t daria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non l' ay; ni s' ieu l' avia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non t' en seria amicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s' era de mil marcx ricx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' un denier no t' en valria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en tu non es nulha res</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De so qu' a joglar s' eschai,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tos chans no val ni play,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni tos fols ditz non es res;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E croya es ta folia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E paubra ta joglaria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan que si no fos N Albricx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El marques que es tos dicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nulhs hom no t' alberguaria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas d' una res t' es ben pres </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que d' aisso, qu' aras pus play, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">As pus qu' anc non aguist may </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Follia e nescies;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si negus hom que sia </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De ta folhor te castia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tu non creiras sos casticx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar per folhor t' es abricx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tal que per sen no t valria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per tu blasmon lo marques</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li croy joglar e 'l savay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per lo ben que elh te fay;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu vuelh qu' en Verones</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al comte tenhas la via;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal dig, que mais li valria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Us braus balestiers enicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que traisses als enemicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s' ieu tu li trametia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hugues de Saint-Cyr.</span></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per solatz revelhar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar es trop endormitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E per pretz qu' es fayditz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aculhir e tornar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mi cuyei trebalhar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas er m' en sui giquitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per so quar sui falhitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar non es d' acabar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum plus m' en ven voluntatz e talans, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plus creys de lai lo dampnatges e 'l dans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Greu es a sofertar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A vos o dic, qu' auzitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum era jois grazitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tug li benestar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hueymais podetz jurar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ja de fust no vitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni vilas miels formitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Estra grat cavalgar:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lagz es l' afars e greus e malestans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don hom pert dieu e reman malanans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu vi torneis mandar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E segre gens garnitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pueys dels miels feritz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Una sazo parlar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar es pretz de raubar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Buous, motos e berbitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cavaliers si' aunitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s met a domneiar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus que toca dels mans motos belans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni que rauba gleizas ni viandans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On son gandit joglar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu vi gent aculhitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a tal mestier fo guitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que solia guidar?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vey senes reptar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anar tals escarits,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus fon bos pretz failhitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que solia menar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De companhos, e no sai dire quans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gent en arneis e bels e benestans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vi per cortz anar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De joglaretz petitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gen caussatz e vestitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol per domnas lauzar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar non auzon parlar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant es bos pretz delitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dont es lo tortz issitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De las mal razonar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Diatz de quals d' elhas o d' els amans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu dic de totz, qu' el pretz n' a trag enjans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu eys que suel sonar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz pros hom issernitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Estauc tant esbaitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no m sai cosselhar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en luec de solassar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aug en las cortz los critz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aitan leu s' es grazitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lans e de bramar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo comtes entre lor cum us bos chans </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels ricx afars e dels temps e dels ans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas a cor afrancar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s' es trop endurzitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non deu hom los oblitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'ls viels faitz remembrar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mal es a laissar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Afar pus es plevitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l mal don sui guaritz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m qual ja mezinar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas so qu' om ve, volv e vir en balans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E prenda e lais e forss' e dams los pans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aitan me puesc vanar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc mos ostaus petitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No fon d' els envazitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sels cui aug totz duptar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc no fetz mas honrar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los volpils mal arditz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncs mos senher chauzitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si deuria pensar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non l' es ges pretz ni laus ni bobans </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu que m laus d' el sia de lui clamans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Eras non plus per que no m' o demans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que blasmes er, si vau d' aissi clamans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So di 'l Dalphins que conois los bons chans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Giraud de Borneil.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus chai la fuelha del garric</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Farai un guai sonet novelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que trametrai part Mongibel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al marques qu' el sobrenom gic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Monferrat, e pren selh de sa maire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a laissat so que conquis son paire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal resembla lo filh Robert Guiscart</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' Antiocha conques e Mongizart.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marques, li monges de Clunhic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vuelh que fasson de vos capdel,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O siatz abbas de Cystelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus lo cor avetz tan mendic,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mais amatz dos buous et un araire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A Monferrat qu' alhors estr' emperaire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben pot hom dir qu' ancmais filhs de lhaupart </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s mes en crotz a guiza de raynart.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gran gaug agron tug vostr' amic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant agues laissada la pel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don folretz la capa e 'l mantelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tug cuideron estre ric</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Silh que per vos son liurat a maltraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que son tondut et an paor del raire:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quascus aten socors de vostra part;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no y venetz, qui dol y a, si 'l guart.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marques, li baron vair' e pic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An contra cel trait un cairel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lor tornara sus capel;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de l' emperador Enric</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos dic aitan que ben sembla 'l rey Daire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sos baros gitet de lor repaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dont elh ac pueys de morir gran reguart; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas mantas vetz qui s cuida calfar s' art.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo regisme de Salonic,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses peirier e ses manguanel,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pogratz aver, e man castel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' autres, qu' ieu no mentau ni dic;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per dieu, marques, Rotlan dis e sos fraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Guis marques e Rainaut lur cofraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Flamenc, Frances, Burgonhos e Lombart</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Van tug dizen que vos semblatz bastart.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vostr' ancessor, so aug dir e retraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Foron tug pros, mas vos non soven guaire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l revenir non prendetz geynh et art, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vostr' onor perdretz lo tertz e 'l quart.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Elias Cairels.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belha m' es la flors d' aguilen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant aug del fin joy la doussor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fan l' auzelh novelhamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pel temps qu' es tornat en verdor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E son de flors cubert li reynh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gruec e vermelh e vert e blau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De molherat ges no m' es gen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s fasson drut ni amador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab las autruis van aprenden</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Engienhs ab que gardon las lor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas selh per que hom las destrenh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Port' al braguier la contraclau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vilas cortes hi eis de son sen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E molherat dompneiador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' azes quan brama eyssamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum fai lebriers ab son senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ieu no cre pros dompna denh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Far drut molherat gelos brau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Molherat fan captenemen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De veziat enguanador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' autruy pan guasta e despen, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' sieu met en luec salvador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas selh a cuy grans fams en prenh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Manja lo pan que non l' abau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Maritz que marit vay sufren</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deu tastar d' atretal sabor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que car deu comprar qui car ven;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l gelos met li guardador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys li laissa sa molher prenh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' un Girbaudo filh de Girbau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aqui naisson li recrezen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us non ama pretz ni valor:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ai! cum an abaissat joven</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tornat en tan gran error!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sest ama l' aver e l' estrenh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li folh e 'l gars son naturau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancta Maria, en Orien</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guiza 'l rey e l' emperador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E faitz lor far ab la lor gen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo servizi nostre senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que 'lh Turc conosco l' entressenh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dieus pres per nos mort carnau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi vay lo vers definen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu que no 'l puesc far lonjor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el mals mi ten e lo turmen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m' a mes en tan gran languor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu no suy drutz, ni drutz no m fenh, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni nulhs joys d' amor no m' esjau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus, que nasques en Betlehen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tu los capdela e 'ls acor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per lo nostre salvamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Prezes en cros mort e dolor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vers dieus, vers hom, vai m' accoren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trinus unus n' aor e 'n lau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non er mais drutz, ni drutz no s fenh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los pitars, ni joys non l' esjau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre d' Auvergne.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chantarai d' aquetz trobadors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que chantan de manhtas colors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El sordeyor cuida dir gen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas a chantar lor er alhors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' entremetre n' aug cent pastors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us no sap que i s monta o i s dissen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aisso m' er mal Peire Rogiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que n' er encolpatz premiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar chanta d' amor a presen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E covengra 'l mielhs un sautiers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En la gleisa, o us candeliers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Portar ab gran candela arden.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El segonz Guirautz de Bornelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sembla drap sec al solelh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab son magre chantar dolen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es chans de vielha portaselh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si s mirava en espelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s prezaria un aguilen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El tertz Bernatz del Ventadorn</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es menres d' En Bornelh un dorn;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas en son paire ac bon sirven</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per trair' ab arc manal d' alborn;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sa maire calfava 'l forn,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et amassava l' issermen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El quartz de Briva 'l Lemozis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Us joglaretz pus prezentis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sia tro en Benaven;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E semblaria us pelegris</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Malautes, quan chanta 'l mesquis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a pauc pietatz no m' en pren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Guillems de Ribas lo quins</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es malvatz defors e dedins,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dis totz sos vers raucamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu non pres ren sos retins, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' atrestan s' en faria us chins;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dels huelhs sembla vout d' argen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El seizes N Elias Gausmars</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es cavayers e s fai joglars;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fai o mal qui lo y cossen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'l dona vestirs belhs ni cars,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aitan valria 'ls agues ars</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en joglaritz, s' en son ja cen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Peire Bermon se baysset,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus qu' el coms de Toloza 'l det,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc no soanet d' avinen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que fon cortes qui 'l raubet,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fe o mal, quar no 'l talhet</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquo que hom porta penden.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' ochen es Bernatz de Sayssac </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc negun bon mestier non ac </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas d' anar menutz dons queren; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que despueys no 'l prezei un brac </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus a 'N Bertran de Cardalhac </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Queri un mantelh suzolen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El noves es En Raymbautz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s fai per son trobar trop bautz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ieu lo torni a nien,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non es alegres ni cautz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu pres trop mais los pipautz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que van las almornas queren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Ebles de Sancha 'l dezes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A cuy anc d' amor non venc bes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sitot se canta de Coyden;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vilanetz es e fals pages,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ditz hom que per dos poges</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sai si logua e lai si ven.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' onzes Guossalbo Rozitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s fai de son chan trop formitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan qu' en cavallairia s fen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et anc no fon tan ben guarnitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per elh fos dos colps feritz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si doncs no 'l trobet en fugen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El dozes us petitz Lombartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que clama sos vezins coartz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas elh es d' aquelh eys parven;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per q' us sonetz fai gualiartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab motz amaribotz bastartz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E luy apellon Cossezen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peire d' Alvernhe a tal votz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que chanta cum granolh' en potz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lauza s trop a tota gen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero maiestres es de totz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab q' un pauc esclarzis sos motz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a penas nulhs hom los enten.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo vers fo faitz als enflabotz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A Poivert tot jogan, rizen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre d' Auvergne.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus mos coratge s' esclarzis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per selh joy dont ieu suy jauzens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vey qu' amors part e chauzis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu n' esper estrenamens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben dey tot mon chant esmerar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om re no mi puesca falsar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per pauc es hom desmentitz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh en cui sest' amors cauzis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joves, cortes e sapiens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E selh cui refuda delis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E met a totz destruzemens;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar qui fin' amor vol blasmar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Elha 'l fai si en folh muzar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per art cuida esser peritz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So son fals jutges raubador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fals molheratz e jurador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Homicidi e lauzengier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lengu' a loguat, creba mostier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aissellas putas ardens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui son d' autrui maritz cossens; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cyst auran guazanh ifernau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Homicidi e traidor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Simoniaix, encantador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Luxurios e renovier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vivon d' enoios mestier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cill que fan faitilhamens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E las faitileiras pudens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Seran el fuec arden engau.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ebriaicx et escogossatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fals preveires e fals abatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Falsas reclusas, fals reclus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lai penaran, dis Marcabrus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tuit li fals y an luec pres,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car fin' amors o a promes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lai er dols dels dezesperatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ay! fin' amors, fons de bontatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tot lo mon enlumenatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Merce ti clam, lai no m' acus</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Em defendas, qu' ieu lai non us,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en totz luecx me tenh per ton pres,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per ton lairon en totas res;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per tu esper estre guidatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon cor per aquest vers destrenh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar mi plus qu' els autres reprenh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que qui autrui vol encolpar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dregs es que si sacha guardar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no sia dels crims techitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De que lieys encolpa e ditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueis poira segur castiar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero si er asatz cauzitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sel que ben sap dire e 'l ditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que pot si se vol remembrar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Marcabrus.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Auiatz de chan com enans se meillura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Marcabrus, segon s' entensa pura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sap la razo e 'l vers lassar e faire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si que autr' om no l' en pot un mot traire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero sospir, quar mouta gens abura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De malvestat, c' ades creis e peiura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' aquist baro an comensat estraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E passat per un pertuis de taraire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li sordeior an del dar l' aventura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li meillor badon ves la penchura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La retraissos fai trist e sospiraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' a rebuzos fant li ric lur affaire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No i a conort en joven mas trop surra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni contra mort ressort ni cobertura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ist acrupit l' an gitat de son aire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de cami per colpa de la maire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui per aver per vergonh' e mezura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E giet honor e valor a non cura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Segon faisson es del semblan confraire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A l' erisson et al goz et al laire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Proeza franh e avoleza mura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no vol joi cuillir dins sa clauzura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dreitz ni razo no i vei mais tener guaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan per aver es un gartz emperaire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Coms de Peiteus, vostre pretz s' asegura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a 'N Anfos de sai, si gaire ill dura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lai Avignon e Proensa e Belcaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De meils per sieu no fes Tolzan son paire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' aquest N' Anfos far contenensa pura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni envas mi fai semblan de frachura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sai vas Leo en sai un de bon aire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Franc de sazo, cortes e larc donaire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De malvestat los gart sanct' escriptura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no lur fassa c' a floquet ni peintura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sel qu' es e fo regom, recx e salvaire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La sospeiso del rei 'n Anfos m' esclaire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Marcabrus.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXVI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belh m' es quan vey pels vergiers e pels pratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tendas e traps, e vey cavals armatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vey talar ortz e vinhas e blatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vey gienhs traire, e murs enderrocatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aug trompas e grans colps dels nafratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mal lur grat meto 'ls en las postatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aital guerra m' agrada mais que patz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non tals treguas ont hom si' enganatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot aisso dic per l' Enfant d' Arago;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E deu aver nom Enfant per razo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar leu s' ave qu' enfans fa fallizo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et elh falhi quant aucis son baro</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Raymon Guillem, qu' anc treguas no 'l tenc pro,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni en sa cort jutjamens datz no 'l fo;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que totz selhs a cuy elh treguas do</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Devon duptar aquelh enfant fello.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Treguas trencar escien esta lag</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quant a fe no s' emenda 'l forfag;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que l' enfant a fag un sol assag,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab un mal sag qu' als Catalas a fag,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dizon tug qu' om de selhs treguas gag,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' el son cors y fo mes en fol plag;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a filh de rey esta mal atrazag,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant ampara nulh offici de sag.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En aissi par qu' el sag no fon certas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar n' a lauzor d' aul gent e de vilas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gran blasme de totz los sobiras;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si d' est sag no s clamon Catalas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom los tenra totz per flacx e per vas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E plus suffrens que negus hermitas;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E meta hi quascus per si sas mas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ostenra pus que rabia de cas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al vescomte de Cardona despley</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon sirventes, ans que alhors desrey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mai vol pretz que laire pres mercey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar en valor se banha, don ieu crey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que pro a pretz, qui s vuelha so plaidey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot vescomte qui n' a egal d' un rey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A gran poestat esta mal, fe que us dey, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que trenc treguas ni que tan lag desrey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar de guerra no s pot honrar lo rey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trencan treguas, o vol tornar so crey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bernard de Rovenac.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXVII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m laissarai per paor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' un sirventes non labor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En servizi dels fals clergatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quant sera laboratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Conoisseran li plusor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' engan e la fellonia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mov de falsa clerzia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lai on an mais forsa ni poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan plus de mal e plus de desplazer.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquist fals prezicador</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An mes lo segl' en error,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il fan los mortals peccatz:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pois cill cui an prezicatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan so que ven far a lor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tuit segon orba via;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncs si l' uns orbs l' autre guia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non van amdui en la fossa cazer?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si fan, so dis dieus, qu' ie 'n sai ben lo ver.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vers es que notre pastor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son tornat lop raubador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il rauban deves totz latz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mostran semblan de patz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E confortan ab doussor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los oveillas noit e dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pois quant las an en bailia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ill las fan morir e dechazer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ist fals pastor, don eu m' en desesper.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pois fan autre desonor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al segle, et a dieu maior;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s' uns d' els ab femna jatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lendeman tot orrejatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tenra 'l cors notre seignor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es mortals eretgia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que nuls preire no deuria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab sa putan orrejar aquel ser</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lendeman deia 'l cors dieu tener.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si vos en faitz clamor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Seran vos encusador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E seretz n' escumeniatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni, s' aver non lor donatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab els non auretz amor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni amistat ni paria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vergena, sancta Maria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Domna, si us platz, laissatz me 'l jorn vezer </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els puosca pauc doptar e mens temer!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vai sirventes, ten ta via,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E di m' a falsa clerzia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aicel es mortz qui s met en son poder; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a Tolosa en sab hom ben lo ver.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume Figueiras.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXVIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes vuelh far</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En est son que m' agensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No 'l vuelh plus tarzar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni far longu' atendensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sai, ses duptar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en aurai malvolensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car fauc sirventes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels fals d' enjans ples,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Roma que es</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Caps de la dechasensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On dechai totz bes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m meravilh ges,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, si la gens erra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el segl' avetz mes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En trebalh et en guerra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car pretz e merces</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mor per vos e sosterra:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma enganairitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' etz de totz mals guitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sims e razitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo bon reys d' Anglaterra</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fon per vos trahitz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma trichairitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cobeitatz vos engana,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a vostras berbitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tondetz trop la lana;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas sayns Esperitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que receup carn humana</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entenda mos precx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E franha tos becx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, e no m' en precx, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar yest falsa e trefana </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vas nos e vas Grecx.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rom', als homes pecx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rozetz la carn e l' ossa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E guidatz los secx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab vos ins en la fossa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trop passatz los decx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De dieu, quar es tan grossa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vostra cobeitatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vos perdonatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per deniers peccatz; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De trop mala trasdossa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, vos cargatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, be sapchatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vostr' avols barata</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vostra foldatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fetz perdre Damiata.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Malamen renhatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, dieus vos abata</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En dechazemen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tan falsamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Renhatz per argen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, de mal' escata</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es ab fals coven.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, veramen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sabem senes duptansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab gualiamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De falsa perdonansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Liuretz a turmen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo barnatge de Fransa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La gent de Paris;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l bon rey Loys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per vos fon aucis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab falsa prezicansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">'L gitetz del pays.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rom', als Sarrazis </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faitz petit de dampnatge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas Grecx e Latis </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Geratz a carnalatge: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ins el foc d' abis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, avetz vostr' estatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'n perdicio;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ja dieus no m do,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, del perdo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni del pellegrinatge</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fetz d' Avinho.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ses razo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avetz manta gent morta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ges no m sap bo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tenetz via torta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a salvatio,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, serratz la porta;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' a mal govern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' estiu e d' ivern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui sec vostr' estern,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el diables l' enporta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ins el foc d' ifern.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ben dessern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los mals qu' om ne pot dire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar faitz per esquern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels crestias martire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas en qual cazern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trobatz qu' om dey' aucire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, 'ls crestias?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vers dieus e vers pas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vers cotidias</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Me don so qu' ieu dezire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vezer dels Romas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, vers es plas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que trop etz angoissoza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels prezicx trefas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que faitz sobre Toloza;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lag rozetz las mas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A ley de cer rabioza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als paucs et als grans:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas si 'l coms prezans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Viu encar dos ans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fransa n' er doloirosa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels vostres enjans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, tant es grans </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La vostra forfaitura, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dieus e sos sans </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En gitatz a non cura, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant etz mal renhans, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma falsa e tafura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' en vos s' escon </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s baissa es cofon </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' enguan d' aquest mon, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant faitz gran desmezura </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al comte Ramon!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, dieus l' aon, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l don poder e forsa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al comte que ton</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los Frances e 'ls escorsa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls pen e 'n fai pon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant ab luy fan comorsa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a mi plai fort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, dieus recort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li vostre gran tort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l plai, qu' el coms n' estorsa </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vos e de mort.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, be m conort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' abans que trigue guaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Venretz a mal port,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si l' adreitz emperaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Endressa sa sort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fai so que deu faire:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ieu dic ver,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vostre poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Veyretz dechazer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieus, del mon salvaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lais m' o tost vezer!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, per aver </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faitz manta fellonia, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mant desplazer, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E manta vilania;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan voletz aver</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del mon la senhoria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que res non temetz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieu ni sos devetz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans vei que fairetz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais qu' ieu dir non poiria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De mal per un detz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, tan tenetz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Estreg la vostra grapa </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que so que podetz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tener, greu vos escapa; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'n breu non perdetz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poder, a mala trapa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es lo mon cazutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mortz e vencutz. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, la vostra papa </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai aitals vertutz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, selh qu' es lutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del mon e vera vida</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vera salutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos don mal' escarida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tans mals saubutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faitz, don tot lo mons crida.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma desleyals,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Razitz de totz mals,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Els focs yfernals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ardretz, senes falida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si non pessatz d' als.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, als cardenals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos pot hom ben rependre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per los criminals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peccatz que fan entendre; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non pensan d' als</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas cum puoscan revendre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieu e sos amicx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no y val casticx.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, grans fasticx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es d' auzir e d' entendre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los vostres prezicx.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ieu suy enicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vostre poders monta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quar grans destricx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz ab vos nos afronta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar vos etz abricx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E capdelhs de gran anta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de dezonor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vostre pastor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son fals e trachor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, e qui 'ls acointa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai trop gran folhor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, mal labor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fa 'l papa, quar tensona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab l' emperador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'l dreg de la corona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li met en error,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a sos guerriers perdona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aitals perdos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui non siec razos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, non es bos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans qui 'l ver en razona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es trop vergonhos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, 'l glorios</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sufri mort e pena</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En la crotz per nos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vos don la mala estrenha;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar totas sazos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Portatz la borsa plena,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, d' avol for;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tot vostre cor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avetz en tezor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don cobeitatz vos mena</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El foc que non mor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, del mal cor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que portatz en la gola</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nais lo sucx don mor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mons e s' estragola</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab dossor del cor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el savis tremola,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar conois e ve</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mortal vere,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de lai on ve,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, del cor vos cola</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don li pietz son ple.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ben ancse</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A hom auzit retraire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el cap sem vos te,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el faitz soven raire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que cug e cre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ops vos auria traire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, del cervel;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar de mal capel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Etz vos e Cystelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a Bezers fezetz faire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mout estranh mazelh.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rom', ab fals sembelh </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tendetz vostra tezura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E man mal morselh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Manjatz, qui que l' endura;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car' avetz d' anhelh</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab simpla guardadura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dedins lop rabat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Serpent coronat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vibra engenrat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el diable us apella</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com al sieu privat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume Figueiras.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXIX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Greu m' es a durar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar aug tal descrezensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dir ni semenar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no m platz ni m' agensa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om non deu amar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui fai desmantenensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A so don totz bes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ven e nais et es</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Salvamens e fes;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu farai parvensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En semblan que m pes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No us meravilhes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Negus, si eu muov guerra</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab fals mal apres</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a son poder soterra</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz bos faitz cortes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls encauss' e 'ls enserra:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Trop se fenh arditz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar de Roma ditz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal, qu' es caps e guitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De totz selhs qu' en terra</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An bos esperitz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Roma es complitz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz bes, e qui 'ls li pana</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sos sens l' es falhitz; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar si meteys enguana, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' elh n' er sebellitz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don perdra sa ufana: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus auia mos precx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que selhs qu' an mals becx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joves e senecx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Contra la ley romana,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Caion dels bavecx.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, selhs per pecx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tenc totz e per gent grossa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per orbs e per secx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lur carns e lur ossa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cargon d' avols decx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don caion en la fossa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On lur es sermatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pudens focx malvatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don mais desliatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No seran del trasdossa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' an de lurs peccatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ges no m platz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' avols hom vos combata;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels bos avetz patz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' usquecx ab vos s' aflata: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels fols lurs foldatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fes perdre Damiata;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas li vostre sen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan sels ses conten</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Caytiu e dolen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que contra vos deslata,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni regna greumen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, veramen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sai e cre ses duptansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a ver salvamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aduretz tota Fransa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Oc, e l' autra gen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que us vol far ajudansa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas so que Merlis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Prophetizan dis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del bon rey Loys</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que morira en pansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ara s' esclarzis.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Piegz de Sarrazis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de pus fals coratge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Heretiers mesquis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son qui vol lur estatge;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ins el foc d' abis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vay en loc de salvatge,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En dampnatio, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar selhs d' Avinho </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Baysses, don m' es bo, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, lo mal pezatge, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don grans merces fo.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, per razo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Avetz manta destorta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dressad' a bando;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et uberta la porta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De salvatio</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don era la claus torta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ab bon govern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bayssatz folh esquern;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui sec vostr' estern,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' angel Michel lo 'n porta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l garda d' ifern.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' estiu e l' yvern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deu hom ses contradire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, lo cazern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Legir, si que no s vire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quan ve l' esquern</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum Iehus pres martire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Albir se lo cas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 's bos crestias;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' adoncx non a cossire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz es fols e vas.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, los trefas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sa leys sospechoza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als fols gigz vilas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que fos de Tolosa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On d' enjans certas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non es doncx vergonhoza,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ans de dos ans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas si 'l coms prezans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cove qu' els engans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lays e la fe duptoza,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E restaur' els dans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, lo reys grans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es senhers de dreytura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als falses Tolzans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don gran mal' aventura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tot a sos mans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan tan gran desmezura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' usquecx lo rescon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E torbon est mon:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'lh comte Raymon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ab elhs plus s' asegura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No 'l tenray per bon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, be s cofon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E val li pauc sa forsa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui contra vos gron,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni bast castelh ni forsa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar en tan aut mon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s met ni no s' amorsa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dieus non recort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son erguelh e 'l tort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don pert tota s' escorsa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pren dobla mort.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, be m conort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el coms ni l' emperaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys que son destort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vos, no valon gayre;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar lur folh deport</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lur malvat veiaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los fatz totz cazer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A vostre plazer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us no s pot tener;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sitot s' es guerreiayre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non li val poder.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, ieu esper </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vostra senhoria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Fransa, per ver, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuy no platz mala via, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fassa dechazer </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' erguelh e l' eretgia, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fals heretges quetz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non temon vetz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni cre als secretz; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan son ples de feunia </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de mals pessetz!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, be sabetz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fort greu lur escapa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui au lor decretz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi tendon lur trapa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab falces trudetz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab que quascus s' arrapa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz son sortz e mutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el lur tolh salutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don quecx es perdutz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ilh n' an capel o capa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E remanon nutz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Clauzis e sauputz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Naysson, senes falhida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Crematz o perdutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lur malvada vida</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc negus vertutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No fe, ni ges auzida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non avem sivals,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si fos leyals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lur vida mortals,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus crey l' agra eyssauzida;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas non es cabals.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui vol esser sals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ades deu la crotz penre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per heretiers fals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dechazer e mespenre;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el celestials</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hi venc son bras estendre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot per sos amicx;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pus tals destricx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pres, ben es enicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh que no 'l vol entendre </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni creyr' als chasticx.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, si pus gicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Renhar selhs que us fan anta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al Sant Esperitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant hom lor o aconta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan son fols mendicx</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us ab ver no s' afronta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No y auras honor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, li trachor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son tan ples d' error</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' on plus pot quascus monta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quecx jorn sa follor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, folh labor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fa qui ab vos tensona;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De l' emperador</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dic, s' ab vos no s' adona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en gran deshonor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ne venra sa corona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sera razos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas pero ab vos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Leu troba perdos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui gen sos tortz razona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni n' es angoissos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Roma, 'l glorios</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que a la Magdalena</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Perdonet, don nos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esperan bona estrena;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo fols rabios</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tans ditz fals semena,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fassa d' aital for</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Elh e son thezor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E son malvat cor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum heretiers mor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Germonde, dame de Montpellier.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu ai ja vista manhta rey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don anc no fis semblan que vis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai ab tal joguat e ris</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don anc guaire no m' azautey;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai servit a manht hom pro</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don anc no cobrey guazardo;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a manh nesci, ab fol parlar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ai ja vist trop ben son pro far.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai ja vist per avol drut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A domna 'l marit dezamar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a manh nesci acaptar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plus qu' a un franc aperceubut,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E per domnas ai ja vist ieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A manht hom despendre lo sieu;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai ne vist amat ses dar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mal volgut ab molt donar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu ai vist donas demandar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab plazers et ab honramens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys venia us desconoyssens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Abrivatz de nesci parlar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en avia la mielher part.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Esguardatz si son de mal art!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Manthas n' i a qu' els plus savays</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Acuelhon mielhs en totz lurs plays.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu ai vist en domnas ponhar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' ensenhatz e de ben apres,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l nescis avinen nemes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el plus savis ab gen preyar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai vist nozer chauzimens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A trops valer ab trichamens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que val mais, a mos entens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En luec foudatz que sobriers sens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A domn' ai vist hom encolpar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De so que no meria mal,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que so laissavon de tal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On se pogron a dreg clamar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ai ja tal ren esguardat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On n' er en ren mon cor virat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que m' an fait mos rics volers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Manthas vetz dons e desplazers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume Adhémar.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui se membra del segle qu' es passatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com hom lo vi de totz bos faitz plazen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni com hom ve malvais e recrezen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquel d' aras, ni com er restauratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non er per cel qui venra plus malvatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz hom viura ab gran dolor membran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cals es ni fo ni er d' aissi enan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas non es dreitz c' om valens ni prezatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Se recreza per aital membramen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans taing s' esfortz tot jorn plus vivamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' om sufra 'l fais de pretz qu' es mesprezatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car cel n' a mais que plus fort n' es cargatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E car es dreitz s' esforso ill prezan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De ben, on plus l' avol s' en van laisan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En plus greu point non pot nuillz esser natz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com cel que pert dieu e 'l segl' eissamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot aital son li trist malvatz manen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' an mes a mort domnei, joi e solatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan los destreing non fes e cobeitatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' onor e pretz en meton en soan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieu e 'l mon en geten a lor dan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ai! com pot tan esser desvergoignatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nuls hom gentils que an' enbastarden</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son lignatge per aur ni per argen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' avers vai leumens e la rictatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l vida es breus, e la mortz ven viatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per c' om degra leialmen viure aman,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deu retener del mon grat gen regnan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels maiors mov tota la malvestatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pois apres de gra en gra deissen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tro als menors, per que torn en nien</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fins jois e pretz, e qui vol pretz ni 'l platz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pot l' aver leu, car tan n' es granz mercatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per cinc solz n' a hom la peza e 'l pan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l tenon vil li ric malvatz truan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Na Gradiva, qui que estei malvatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per vos n' azir malvestat et enjan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et am valor e joi e pretz e chan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al rei tramet mon sirventes viatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cel d' Aragon, qu' el fais lo plus pesan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sosten de pretz, per qu' el ten entre man.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sordel.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo segle m' es camjatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan fort, don suy iratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a penas sai que m dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu suelh esser uzatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De chans e de solatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de cavalairia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mesclat ab cortezia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E so per qu' om valia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Era ma voluntatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en ditz et en fatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en tot quan podia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E las domnas vezia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selhas cuy valor tria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab lur plazens beutatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don era conortatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De gran joy qu' en avia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E trac en garentia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amor que mi movia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del tot m' era donatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A so que valor platz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l segles m' o sufria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aras tem que blasmatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En fos e condampnatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ieu res d' aisso fazia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del tot mi suy viratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz enicx e forsatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A so que no m plai mia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que me coven de platz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pensar e d' avocatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per far libelhs tot dia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pueys esgart la via</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si nulh corrieu veiria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ilh venon daus totz latz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Polsos et escuyssatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que la cortz los m' envia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si dizon folhia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Blasmar non l' auzaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys me dizon: Puiatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En cort e demandatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La pena s' escieuria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om no us perdonaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l jorn en vos falia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Veus a que suy tornatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Senhors, ar esgardatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si sui be a la lhia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu am trop mais lo glatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No fas las flors dels pratz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no sai on me sia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Senhors, a dieu siatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar hom que viu iratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Val meyns que si moria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' al rey Castellan platz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es sobre totz honratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu tengua lai ma via,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en elh m' er restauratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Joys e chans e solatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' alhors no m revenria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand d' Alamanon.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per lo mon fan l' us dels autres rancura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li clerc dels laicx, e 'l laic d' elhs eissamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li poble s planhon de desmezura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lors senhors, e 'l senhors d' elhs soen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi es ples lo mons de mal talen:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas er venon sai deves Orien</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li Tartari, si dieus non o defen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els faran totz estar d' una mensura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per manh forfag e per mantha laidura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' an fag e fan clerc e laic malamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Venra, si ven esta dezaventura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A crestias, s' a dieu merce non pren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fass' al papa metr' atempramen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En so don an li clerc e 'l laic conten;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar si 'lh los fai ben d' un acordamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non lor pot pueys nozer nulh' aventura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A! per que vol clercx belha vestidura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni per que vol viure tan ricamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni per que vol belha cavalgadura?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el sap que dieus volc viure paubramen:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni per que vol tan l' autrui ni enten?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el sap que tot quan met ni quan despen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Part son manjar e son vestir vilmen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tolh als paubres, si non men l' Escriptura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Els grans senhors per que no y s prendon cura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no fasson tort, ni forson la gen?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu non tenc ges per menor forfaitura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om fors' els sieus cum quan l' autrui dreg pren;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans es mager, quar falhis doblamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar so de se ni d' autrui non defen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A son poder los sieus, adrechamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Falh en dreg lor tan qu' en pert sa drechura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas totz pobles a de bon sen frachura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a son senhor fassa en re falhimen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar totz hom deu amar d' amistat pura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son bon senhor e servir leyalmen:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A senhor tanh qu' am los sieus bonamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lialtatz lor ne fai mandamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' us ame l' autre tan coralmen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no s puesca entr' els metre falsura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Reys Castellas, l' emperis vos aten;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas sai dizon, senher, qu' atendemen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai de Breto, per que s mov grans rancura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que d' aut rey tanh, quant un gran fag enpren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el tragu' a cap o 'n segua s' aventura.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume de Montagnagout.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXIV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del tot vey remaner valor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om no s n' entremet sai ni lay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni non penson de nulh ben say,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni an lur cor mas en l' aor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E meron mal clercx e prezicador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar devedon so qu' a els no s cove,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que hom per pretz non do ni fassa be;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et hom que pretz ni do met en soan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ges de bon loc no 'l mov al mieu semblan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar dieus vol pretz e vol lauzor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieus fo vers hom, qu' ieu o say;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et hom que vas dieu res desfay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieus l' a fait aitan d' onor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' al sieu semblan l' a fait ric e maior,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pres de si mais de neguna re;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncx ben es folhs totz homs que car no s te,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que fassa en aquest segle tan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sai e lai n' aya grat on que s n' an.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar se son faitz enqueredor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E jutjon aissi com lur play;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero l' enquerre no m desplay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans me plai que casson error,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' ab belhs digz plazentiers ses yror</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Torno 'ls erratz desviatz en la fe,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui s penet que truep bona merce;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en aissi menon dreg lo gazan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tort ni dreg no y perdan so que y an.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enquers dizon mais de folhor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aurfres a dompnas non s' eschay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero si dompna piegz no fay</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'n leva erguelh ni ricor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per gen tener no pert dieu ni s' amor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ja nulhs homs, si 'lh estiers be s capte,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per gen tener ab dieu no s dezave;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ne ylh per draps negres ni per floc blan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No conquerran ja dieu, s' al re no y fan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tug laisson per nostre senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nostre clercx, lo segle savay,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no pessan mas quan de lay</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi 'ls guart dieus de dezonor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum elhs non an ni erguelh ni ricor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni cobeytatz no 'ls enguana ni 'ls te,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni volon re de so belh que hom ve;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Res no volon, pero ab tot s' en van;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys prezon pauc qui que s' i aia dan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sirventes, vay al pros comte dese</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Toloza, membre 'l que fag li an,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E guart se d' elhs d' esta hora enan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Guillaume de Montagnagout.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un sirventes fas en luec de jurar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E chantarai, per mal e per feunia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De malvestat que vey sobremontar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E decazer valor e cortezia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu vey als fals los fis amonestar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et als lairos los lials prezicar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls desviatz mostron als justz la via.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enguanatz es en son nesci cuiar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Folhs qui cuia que enjans e bauzia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fassa son don decazer e mermar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Enans los sors e 'ls creys e 'ls multiplia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Meravilh me cum totz no van raubar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus malvestat ama hom e ten car,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lialtat ten hom a fantaumia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Glotz emperier no vol vezer son par,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li clerc an aquelha glotonia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en tot lo mon no volrion trobar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Home mas els que tengues senhoria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els feyron leys per terras guazanhar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum poguesson creysser e non mermar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ades fai pron un petit de baylia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab totas mas vey clergues assajar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que totz lo mons er lurs, cuy que mal sia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar els l' auran ab tolre o ab dar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O ab perdon, o ab ypocrizia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O ab asout, o ab beur', o ab manjar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O ab prezicx, o ab peiras lansar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O els ab dieu, o els ab diablia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Gostia, diguatz m' a 'N Azemar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si defendre si vol de la clercia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Miels qu' en lur fag si guart en lur parlar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O si que non en bada s' armaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els trazon so don hom no s pot guardar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quant autres fan enguanas farguar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et elhs enguans per maior maystria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non aus dire so que elhs auzon far,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas anc rascas non amet penchenar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni elhs home qui lur dan lur castia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXVI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Falsedatz e desmezura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An batalha empreza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab vertat et ab dreytura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vens la falseza;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E deslialtatz si jura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Contra lialeza;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et avaretatz s' atura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Encontra largueza:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Feunia vens amor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E malvestatz honor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E peccatz cassa sanctor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E baratz simpleza.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si es hom que dieu descreza,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sos afars enansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab que non aia grineza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas d' emplir sa pansa:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A cui platz dreitz e tortz peza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Soven a grevansa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui s' enten en sancteza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tray greu malanansa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an l' enguanador</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lur afar honor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas li mal entendedor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jutjon per semblansa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aras es vengut de Fransa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que hom non somona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas selhs que an aondansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vin e d' anona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' om non aia coindansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab paupra persona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aia mais de bobansa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquelh que meyns dona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' om fassa maior</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' un gran trafeguador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qu' om leve lo trachor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l just dezapona.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Coms Raymon, ducx de Narbona,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Marques de Proensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vostra valors es tan bona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tot lo mon gensa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar de la mar de Bayona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entro a Valensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Agra gent falsa e fellona</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lai ab viltenensa;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas vos tenetz vil lor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que Frances bevedor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plus que perditz ad austor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No vos fan temensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben volon obediensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selhs de la clercia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E volon ben la crezensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol l' obra no y sia:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Greu lur veyretz far falhensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas la nueg e 'l dia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no porton malvolensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni fan symonia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E son larc donador</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E just amassador;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas li autres n' an lauzor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ilh la folhia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No sai dire l' error</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del segle fals traytor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fai de blasme lauzor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de sen folhia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieu prec per sa doussor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ns gar d' enfernal dolor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ilh verge Maria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXVII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ricx hom que greu ditz vertat e leu men,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E greu vol patz e leu mov ochaizo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dona greu e leu vol qu' om li do,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E greu fai be e leu destrui la gen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E greu es pros e leu es mals als bos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E greu es francx e leu es orgulhos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E greu es larcx e leu tol e greu ren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deu cazer leu d' aut luec en bas estatge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De tals en sai que pisson a prezen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et al beure rescondo s dins maizo;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et al manjar no queron companho,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et al talhar queron en mais de cen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a l' ostal son caitiu e renos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a tort far son ric e poderos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et al donar son de caitiu prezen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et al tolre fortz e de gran coratge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Malditz es hom qui 'l ben laissa e 'l mal pren;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls ricx an pres enguan e tracio,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an laissat condug e messio;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an pres dan e gran destruzimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an laissat lays e vers e chansos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an pres plaitz, e novas e tensos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an laissat amor e pretz valen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an pres mal voler e far outratge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi cum son maior an meyns de sen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais de tort et ab meyns de razo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais de dan tener, ab meyns de pro,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais d' orguelh, ab meyns de cauzimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais de tolre et ab meyns de bels dos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais de mals, ab meyns de bels respos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais d' enueg, ab meyns d' ensenhamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mais d' enguan, ab meyns de bon coratge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ara diguatz, senhors, al vostre sen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De dos barons qual a maior razo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan l' un dels dos pot dar e tolre no,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autre pot tolr' e dar no pot nien:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar diran tug que dars val per un dos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E veyretz los tolre totas sazos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A que far doncx van emblan ni tolen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus lo donars a dos tans d' avantatge?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mos chantars es enueg als enoios</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et als plazens plazers; cui platz razos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tug li dig son enoios e plazen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So qu' als us platz als autres es salvatge.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXVIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li clerc si fan pastor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E son aucizedor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E semblan de sanctor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan los vey revestir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pren m' a sovenir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">d' En Alengri q' un dia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Volc ad un parc venir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas, pels cas que temia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pelh de moton vestic,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab que los escarnic;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys manjet e trahic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selhas que l' abellic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rey et emperador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Duc, comte e comtor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cavallier ab lor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Solon lo mon regir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aras vey possezir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A clercx la senhoria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab tolre et ab trazir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab ypocrizia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab forsa et ab prezic,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tenon s' a fastic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui tot non lor o gic, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et er fag quan que tric.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi cum son maior,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son ab mens de valor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab mais de follor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab mens de ver dir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab mais de mentir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab mens de clercia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab mais de falhir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab mens de paria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels fals clergues o dic,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ancmais tant enemic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu a dieu non auzic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De sai lo temps antic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan son al refector,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m' o tenc ad honor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a la taula aussor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vey los cussos assir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E primiers s' eschausir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Auiatz gran vilania,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar hi auzon venir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et hom non los en tria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero anc non lai vic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Paupre guarso mendic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sezer latz qui son ric;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aisso los vos esdic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja non aion paor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Alcays ni Almassor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que abbas ni prior</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los anon assalhir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni lurs terras sazir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que afans lur seria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas sai son en cossir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del mon quossi lur sia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni cum En Frederic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gitesson de l' abric;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero tal l' aramic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc fort no s' en jauzic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Clergues, qui vos chauzic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses fellon cor enic</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En son comde falhic,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc peior gent no vic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XXXIX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per folhs tenc Polles e Lombartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E Longobartz et Alamans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si volon Frances ni Picartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A senhors ni a drogomans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar murtriers a tort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tenon a deport;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ieu non laus rey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non guarde ley.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aura 'l ops bos estandartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que fieira mielhs que Rotlans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que sapcha mais que Raynartz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aia mais que Corbarans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tema meyns mort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el coms de Monfort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui vol qu' a barrey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mons li sopley. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas sabetz quals sera sa partz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De las guerras e dels mazans?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los critz, las paors e 'ls reguartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que aura fagz, e 'l dol e 'l dans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Seran sieu per sort.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aitan lo conort,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab aital charrey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Venra del torney.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben petit val tos giens ni t' artz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si pertz l' arma per tos efans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per l' autruy carbonada t' artz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' autruy repaus t' es afans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys vas a tal port</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On cre que quecx port</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' enguan e 'l trafey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls tortz faitz que fey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anc Carles Martel ni Girartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni Marsilis ni Aigolans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'l rey Gormons ni Yzombartz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non aucizeron homes tans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que n' aion estort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo valen d' un ort;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni non lur envey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Thezaur ni arney.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non cug qu' a la mort</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Negus plus enport</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aver ni arney,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas los faitz que fey.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XL.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tos temps azir falsetat et enjan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab vertat et ab dreg mi capdelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si per so vauc atras o avan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m' en rancur, ans m' es tot bon e belh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els uns dechai lialtatz mantas vetz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls autres sors enjans e mala fes;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas si tant es qu' om per falsetat mon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aquel montar dissen pueys en preon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li ric home an pietat tan gran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De paubra gen, com ac Caym d' Abelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que mais volon tolre que lop no fan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mais mentir que tozas de bordelh:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'ls crebavatz en dos locx o en tres,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No us cugessetz que vertatz n' issis ges</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas messongas, don an al cor tal fon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sobrevertz cum aigua de toron.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mans baros vey, en mans luecx, que y estan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plus falsamen que veyres en anelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui per fis los ten falh atrestan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum si un lop vendia per anhel;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar els no son ni de ley ni de pes;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans foron fag a ley de fals poges, PUGESA</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On par la cros e la flors en redon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no y trob om argent quan lo refon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Daus Orient entro 'l solelh colguan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fas a la gent un covinent novelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al lial hom donarai un bezan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l deslials mi dona un clavelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et un marc d' aur donarai al cortes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l deschauzitz mi dona un tornes;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al vertadier darai d' aur un gran mon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si m don' un huou quecx messongier que y son.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tota la ley qu' el pus de las gens an</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Escriuri' eu en un petit de pelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En la meitat del polguar de mon guan;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls pros homes paysseria d' un tortelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar ja pels pros no fora cars conres; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas si fos hom que los malvatz pagues, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cridar pogra, e non gardessetz on: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Venetz manjar li pro home del mon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sel que no val ni ten pro per semblan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pros ni valen non tanh que hom l' apel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni vertadier, quan met dreg en soan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan dreitura ni vertat non l' es bel;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car qui fai mal ni tort, razos non es</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en cueilla grat ni lauzor ni pretz ges;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E se ditz ben un reprochier pel mon:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sel q' una ves escorja autra non ton.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A totas gens dic e mon sirventes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que si vertatz e dreitura e merces</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non governon home en aquest mon,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni sai ni lai no cre valors l' aon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faidit, vai t' en chantar lo sirventes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Drech al Tornel a 'N Guigo, qui que pes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car de valor non a par en est mon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas mon senher En Ebles de Clarmon.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tals cuia be</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aver filh de s' espoza,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no y a re</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plus que selh de Toloza;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar s' esdeve</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que la molher coitoza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Acuelh ab se</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Alcun baratador,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don ilh rete,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plus vilh d' un' autra toza,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un filh de que</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai heres al senhor:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per so ai fe</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que malvestatz si noza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En tal qu' ieu cre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fon filhs de prior.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant es viratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mons en desmezura</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que falsetatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es en luec de drechura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cobeitatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Creys ades e melhura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E malvestatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es en luec de valor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pietatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A d' hoste sofrachura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E caritatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai del segle clamor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es lauzatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui de dieu non a cura,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pauc prezatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui vol aver s' amor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui des en sai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entro en la Turquia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E daus en lai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tro que part Normandia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ad un savai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Baron tot o daria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non cug ni sai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que visques ses rancor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que greu si fai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fort gran manentia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son don apai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De conquerre maior;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal li eschai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aitan grans baronia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus non l' estrai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del nom de raubador.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mais val assatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un ribaut ab pauprieyra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que viu en patz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sofre sa nescieyra,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us coms malvatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tot jorn fai sobrieira</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' avols peccatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non tem dezonor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' al ribaut platz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La via dreitureira,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l coms es las</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De dieu e de sanctor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quar lo bas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom a valor entiera</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l coms non pas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pretz ieu mais lo melhor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que faran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li baron de mal aire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tot jorn fan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mal e 'l be non guaire?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quossi poiran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los tortz qu' an faitz desfaire?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que lur enfan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Seran plus tolledor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non daran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En l' arma de lor paire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo pretz d' un guan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni negus en la lor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li enguan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' auran fag l' enguanaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Retornaran</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sobre l' enguanador.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non ai talan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aver aital repaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' eras en chan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E totz temps mais en plor.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus ma boca parla sens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mos chantars es faitis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vuelh ab belhs motz ben assis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dressar los entendemens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels malvais mal entendens, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que cuion que valha mais </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom messongiers que verais; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l sen tenon a folhia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l dreit tornon en biais.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ves yfern fay son eslais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l govern ten ves abis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh que vertatz aborris</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ab dreitura s' irais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tals bast murs e palais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del dreit de las autras gens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el segles deconoyssens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ditz que mot fa bona via,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar es savis e creyssens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot atressi com l' argens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El foc arden torna fis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' afina e s' adoussis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo bons paupres paciens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En las trebalhas cozens;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l malvatz manens savais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On plus gent si viest e s pais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Conquier de sa manentia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dolor e pena e pantais.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas d' aisso no 'l pren esglais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar gallinas e perdis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo conorton e 'l bos vis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l ben qu' en la terra nais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dont el es jauzens e gais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys ditz a dieu en ligens:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu suy paupres e dolens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si dieus li respondia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Poiria 'l dire: Tu mens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Semblans es als aguilens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Croys hom que gent si guarnis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que defora resplandis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dins val meyns que niens;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es mager fenhemens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que si us escaravais</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si fenhia papaguais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan se fenh que pros hom sia </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Us malvatz manens savais.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tals si fenh pros e valens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar sol gent si viest e s pais,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que es malvatz e savais;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas si los autres payssia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per aquo valria mais.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui ve gran maleza faire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De mal dir no se deu traire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu vuelh dir e retraire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ricx hom dezeretaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es piegers que autre laire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fai diablia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peior que negun raubaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tart se castia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ricx hom, quan va per carreira,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El mena per companheira</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Malvestat, que vai primeira</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E mejana e derreira;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gran cobeitat enteira</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li fai companhia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tort porta la senheira,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et erguelh la guia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ricx hom mals quan vay en plassa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que cuiatz vos que lai fassa?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant autr' om ri e solassa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A l' un mov plag, l' autre cassa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' un maldi, l' autre menassa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' autre afolhia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no y fai joy ni abrassa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si com far deuria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ricx hom, quan fai sas calendas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sas cortz e sas bevendas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De toutas e de rezendas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai sos dos e sas esmendas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sos lums e sas oferendas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de raubaria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en guerras met sas rendas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en plaideria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ricx hom mals, quan vol far festa, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Auiatz quossi fai sa questa:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant bat la gent et entesta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tro que denier non lur resta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no y qual venir tempesta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni fam ni moria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys fai cara mout honesta,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui no 'l conoyssia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un pauc ai dig de la gesta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dire volia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tan gran massa n' y resta</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fort pauc embria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLIV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tartarassa ni voutor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No sent plus leu carn puden</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com clerc e prezicador</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Senton ont es lo manen:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mantenen son siei privat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quan malautia 'l bat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fan li far donatio</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tal que 'l paren no y an pro.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Frances e clerc an lauzor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De mal, quar ben lur en pren;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E renovier e trachor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An tot lo segl' eyssamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab mentir et ab barat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">An si tot lo mon torbat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no y a religio</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no sapcha sa lesso.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Saps qu' esdeven la ricor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De selhs que l' an malamen?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Venra un fort raubador</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non lur laissara ren,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So es la mortz, qu' els abat;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab quatr' aunas de filat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los tramet en tal maizo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ont atrobon de mal pro.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom, per que fas tal follor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que passes lo mandamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De dieu, que es ton senhor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E t' a format de nien?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La trueia ten el mercat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh que ab dieu se combat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el n' aura tal guizardo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com ac Judas lo fello.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus verais, plens de doussor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Senher, sias nos guiren;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guardatz d' enfernal dolor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peccadors e de turmen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E solvetz los del peccat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En que son pres e liat;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E faitz lur verai perdo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab vera confessio.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot atressi com fortuna de ven</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que torba 'l mar e fa 'ls peyssos gandir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es torbada en est segle la gen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per un fort ven que dels cors fan salhir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fals messongiers, deslial e trahire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab que s cuion eyssaussar e formir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en aissi fan veritat delir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'n pert son dreg hom bos qui 'l ver vol dire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A! greu sera est segl' en l' estamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que a estat, segon que auzem dir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que hom era crezutz ses sagramen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab sol la fe, si la volgues plevir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E veritatz era sens escondire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ar es tornatz lo segl' en tal azir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quecx pessa de son par a trazir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' ieu apelh aquest segle trazire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui auzes dir quals son li falhimen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que fan en cort selhs qui degron regir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et an jurat de tenir lialmen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dreg a quascun? primiers los vey fallir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fan semblan aqui mezeis de rire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls clamatiers, quan ven al departir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab penhoras, ab dar et ab servir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Perdon lo sen, quant auzo 'l jutge dire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entr' els clergues non truep departimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tut son d' un sen, d' un cor e d' un albire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E siervon dieu aitan honestamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Nulh' autra ren non lur pot abellir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni es nulhs hom que mal en puesca dire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas selh que y es, si doncx no vol mentir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el cavalguar e 'l manjar e 'l dormir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l juec d' amor tenon a gran martire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No y truep cosselh mas qu' estem lialmen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que pensem e Ihesum Crist servir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar el nasquet pel nostre salvamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E volc en crotz per nos la mort sofrir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aital senhor, qui 'n poiri' autr' eslire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el fes de se nau per nos reculhir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als grans perils don no podem gandir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses cofessar, e so qu' aurem fag dire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLVI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan son valen nostre vezi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tan cortes e tan huma,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que si las peiras eran pa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que las aiguas fosson vi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li pueg bacon e pouzi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No serion larc, tals n' i a.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tals n' i a, mas non dirai qui,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que foron porc en Guavauda,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en Vianes foron ca,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en Velaic foron masti,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Seguon l' afaitamen cani;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas, quar non an coa, rema.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En jurar de femna no m fi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni son sagramen no vuelh ja;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar si 'l metiatz en la ma</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per ver dir un marabeti,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E per mentir un barbari,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo barbari guazanhara.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tals a lo semblant effanti</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el sens es de Trebellia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l lengua de logicia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l voluntatz d' En Alengri:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tals a belh cors e saura cri</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dins a felh cor e vila.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dig vuelh aver de Sarrazi</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fe e ley de crestia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E subtileza de paia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ardimen de Tartari;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui es guarnitz en aissi</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Val be messongier Castella.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar fai tort e messongas di</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Atressi com de tals n' i a.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLVII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Razos es qu' ieu m' esbaudey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sia jauzens e guays</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El temps que fuelha e flor nays,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et un sirventes despley,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar lialtatz a vencut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Falsedat; e non a guaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ieu ai auzit retraire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' uns fortz trachers a perdut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son poder e sa vertut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieus fai e fara e fey,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si com es dous e verays,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dreitz als pros et als savays,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E merce segon lur ley:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar a la pagua van tut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' enguanat e l' enguanaire, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si com Abels e son fraire; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que 'l traytor seran destrut </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li trahit ben vengut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dieu prec que trachors barrey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E los degol e 'ls abays</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aissi com fos los Alguays,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar son de peior trafey:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas aisso es ben sauput,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pieger es tracher que laire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Atressi com hom pot faire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De covers morgue tondut,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai hom de trachor pendut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lops e de fedas vey</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que de las fedas son mays;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E per un austor que nays </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son mil perditz, fe que us dey: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ad aquo es conogut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que hom murtrier ni raubaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No platz tant a dieu lo paire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni tan non ama son frut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com fai del pobol menut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Assatz pot aver arney</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cavals ferrans e bays,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tors e murs e palays,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ricx hom, sol que dieu reney:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncx ben a lo sen perdut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Totz hom a cuy es veiaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que, tollen l' autrui repaire,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuge venir a salut,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'l don dieus quar a tolgut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar dieus ten son arc tendut</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E trai aqui on vol traire;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fai lo colp que deu faire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A quec, si com a mergut,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Segon vizi e vertut.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLVIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un sirventes novel vuelh comensar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que retrairai al jorn del jutjamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A selh que m fetz e m formet de nien;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l me cuia de ren ochaizonar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si 'l me vol metre en la diablia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu li dirai: Senher, merce no sia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el mal segle trebaliey totz mos ans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E guardatz me, si us plai, dels turmentans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tota sa cortz farai meravilhar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quant auziran lo mieu plaideyamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu dic qu' el fai ves los sieus fallimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l los cuia delir ni enfernar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar qui pert so que guazanhar poiria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per bon dreg a de viutat carestia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el deu esser dous e multiplicans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De retener sas armas trespassans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja sa porta non si degra vedar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sans Peires pren hi gran aunimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar n' es portiers, mas que y intres rizen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quascun' arma que lai volgues intrar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar nulha cortz non er ja ben complia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' uns en plor e que l' autres en ria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sitot s' es sobeirans reys poyssans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no ns obre, sera li 'n faitz demans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Los diables degra dezeretar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et agra en mais d' armas pus soven,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l dezeret plagra a tota gen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et el mezeis pogra s' o perdonar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tot per mon grat; totz los destruiria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus tug sabem qu' absolver s' en poiria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bel senher dieus, siatz desheretans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels enemicx enoios e pezans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ieu no mi vuelh de vos dezesperar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans ai en vos mon bon esperamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que devetz m' arma e mon cors salvar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que m valhatz a mon trespassamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E far vos ai una bella partia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m tornetz lai don muec lo premier dia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O que m siatz de mos tortz perdonans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu no 'ls feira, si no fos natz enans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ieu ai sai mal, et en yfern ardia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Segon ma fe, tortz e peccatz seria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu vos puesc be esser recastinans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que per un ben ai de mal mil aitans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per merce us prec, dona sancta Maria</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab vostre filh nos siatz bona guia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si que prendatz los paires e 'ls enfans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls metatz lay on esta sanhs Joans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">XLIX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Una cieutat fo, no sai quals,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On cazet una plueia tals</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tug l' ome de la cieutat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que toquet foron dessenat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tug dessenero, mas sol us;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquel escapet e non plus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que era dins una maizo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On dormia, quant aco fo:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquel levet, quant ac dormit</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fon se de ploure gequit,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E venc foras entre las gens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On tug feiron dessenamens.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' us fo vestis, e l' autre nus,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autr' escupi vas lo cel sus;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' uns trais peira, l' autre astelas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autre esquisset sas gonelas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' uns feri e l' autre enpeis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' autre cuget esser reis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tenc se ricamens pels flancx,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' autre sautet per los bancx;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' us menasset, l' autre maldis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autre ploret e l' autre ris,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autre parlet e no sap que,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autre fes metoas de se.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aquel qu' avia son sen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Meravilhet se molt fortmen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vi ben que dessenat son;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gard' aval e gard' amon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si negun savi n' i veira; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E negun savi non i a:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Grans meravelhas ac de lor;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas molt l' an els de luy maior,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el vezon estar saviamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cuion qu' aia perdut lo sen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car so que ill fan no ill vezon faire.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A quascun de lor es veiaire</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ill son savi e ben senat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas lui tenon per dessenat;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui 'l fer en gauta, qui en col;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El no pot mudar no s degol.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' uns l' enpenh, l' autre lo bota,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El cuia eissir de la rota;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' uns l' esquinta, l' autre l' atrai,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El pren colps e leva e chai.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cazen, levan, a grans ganbautz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' en fug a sa maizo de sautz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fangos e batut e mieg mortz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ac gaug quan lor fon estortz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquesta faula es al mon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Semblan et a tug silh que i son;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aquest segles es la cieutatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que es totz ples de dessenatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el maior sen c' om pot aver</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si es amar dieu e temer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gardar sos comandamens:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ar es perdutz aquel sens;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La plueia sai es cazeguda;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Una cobeitatz es venguda,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Uns orgoills et una maleza</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que tota la gen a perpreza;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si dieu n' a alcun onrat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autr' el tenon per dessenat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E menon lo de tom en vil,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car non es del sen que son il,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el sen de dieu lor par folia;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' amicx de dieu, on que sia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Conois que dessenat son tut,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car lo sen de dieu an perdut;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'lh tenon lui per dessenat</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car lo sen del mon a laissat.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pierre Cardinal.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus Peyre d' Alvernhe a chantat </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels trobadors qu' en son passat, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chantarai a mon escien</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aquels que pueissas an trobat;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no m' aion ges cor irat,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ieu lor malvatz fatz lur repren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo premiers es de Sanh Desdier</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guillems que chanta voluntier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a chantat mot avinen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas, quar son desirier non quier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non pot aver nulh bon mestier,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es d' avol aculhimen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo segons de Sanh Antoni</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vescoms qu' anc d' amor non jauzi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni no fes bon comensamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que la primeyra 'l a tray;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et anc pueis re non li queri,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Siei huelh nueg e jorn ploran s' en.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lo ters es de Carcasses</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Miravals que fai motz cortes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dona son castel soven;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no y estai l' an ges un mes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ancmais kalendas no y pres;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que no i ha dan qu' il se pren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo quartz Peirols, us alvernhatz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a trent' ans us vestirs portatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es pus secs de lenh' arden,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es sos chantars peiuratz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc, pus si fon enbaguassatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A Clarmon, no fes chan valen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l cinques es Gaucelms Fayditz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que es de drut tornatz maritz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lieys que sol anar seguen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non auzim pueis voutas ni critz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni anc sos chans no fon auzitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas d' Uzercha entro qu' Agen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l seizes Guilems Azemars,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' anc no fo pus malvatz joglars;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a pres manh vielh vestimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fai de tal loc sos chantars</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don non es a sos trenta pars;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E vey l' ades paubr' e sufren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab Arnaut Daniel son set,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a sa vida ben non cantet</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas uns fols motz qu' om non enten;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pus la lebre ab lo buou casset,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E contra suberna nadet,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No valc sos chans un aguillen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Tremoleta 'l catalas</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui fai sos sos leuetz e plas,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sos cantars es de nien,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E peinh sos peills cum s' er' auras;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben a trent' ans que for' <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/tomas-bosque-la-codonera-teruel-arago.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">albas</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no fos lo <a href="https://www.druni.es/blog/ideas-tinte-pelo-negro-azabache/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">negrezimen</a>. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l noves N Arnautz de Maruelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ades lo vey d' avol escuelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si dons non a chauzimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fay o mal, quar no l' acuelh;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ades claman merce siei huelh,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On plus canta l' aigua 'n dissen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Salh de Scola es lo dezes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que de joglar s' es faitz borges</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A Brajairac o compr' e ven;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quant a vendut son arnes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El s' en va pueis en Narbones</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab un fals cantars per prezen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' onzes es Guiraudetz lo Ros</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sol vieure d' autrui chansos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es enoios a tota gen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas quar cuiava esser pros, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si se partic dels filhs N Anfos </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que l' avian fag de nien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lo dotzes es en Folquetz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Marcelha, us mercadairetz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a fag un fol sagramen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan juret que chanso no fetz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Perjur nos an say dig pro vetz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que s perjuret son essien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lo trezes es mos vezis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guillems lo marques mos cozis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non vuelh dire mon talen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car ab los seus chantars frairis</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' es totz peiuratz lo mesquis,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et es viells ab barba et ab gren.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Peire Vidals es dels derriers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non a sos membres entiers;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et agra l' obs lenga d' argen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al vilan qu' er uns pelliciers;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que anc, pus si fetz cavaliers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non ac pueys membransa ni sen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guilhems de Ribas lo quinzes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' es de totz fatz menutz apres,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E canta voluntiers non jen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E percassa s fort, s' il valgues,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car nulh tems no 'l vim bel arnes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans vieu ses grat e paubramen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab lo sezesme n' i aura pro</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo fals Monge de Montaudo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab totz tensona e conten;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a laissat dieu per baco,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quar anc fetz vers ni canso, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Degra l' om tost levar al ven.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo vers fe 'l monges, e dis lo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A Caussada primeiramen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E trames lo part Lobeo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A 'N Bernat son cors per prezen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Moine de Montaudon.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' autre jorn m' en pugiey al cel,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aniey parlar ab sanh Miquel</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don fui mandatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et auzi un clam que m fon bel:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Eras l' auiatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sanh Jolias venc denan dieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dis: Dieus, a vos mi clam ieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com hom forsatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dezeretatz de tot son fieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E malmenatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar qui ben voli' alberguar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De mati m solia preguar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu 'l fos privatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Eras no y puesc cosselh donar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab los malvatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aissi m' an tolt tot mon poder, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om no m pregua mati ni ser; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Neys los colgatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Laissan mati dejus mover;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben suy antatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De Tolza ni de Carcasses</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m plang ta fort ni d' Albiges,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com d' autres fatz:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Cataluenh' ai totz mos ces,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E y suy amatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Peiragorc e 'n Lemozi,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas lo coms e 'l reys los auci,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sui ben amatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a 'n de tals en Caerci</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don sui paguatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De lai Roergu', en Gavauda,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m clam ni m lau qu' aissi s' esta;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero assatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Y a d' aquelhs q' usquecx mi fa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas voluntatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Alvernhe ses aculhir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Podetz alberguar e venir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Descovidatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il non o sabon fort gent dir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ben lur platz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En Proensa et els baros</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ai ben enquera mas razos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non sui clamatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels Proensals ni dels Guascos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni trop lauzatz.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Moine de Montaudon.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De sirventes aurai gran ren perdutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E perdrai en enquera un o dos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Els rics malvatz on pretz es remasutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' a lor non platz donars ni messios,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni lor platz res que taingna a cortezia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas be lor platz quant ajoston l' argen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per so n' a mais cel que lo met plus gen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' onors val mais que avols manentia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja non serai desmentitz ni vencutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' anc hom escars non fo aventuros;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si n' i a un qu' en sia cregutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncs n' a el faig alcun fag vergoignos:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' avers non vol solatz ni leugaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni vol trobar home larc ni meten,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans lo vol tal qu' estia aunidamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tal qu' endur so que manjar deuria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que val tesaurs qu' ades es rescondutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni cal pro tenc a nuill home qu' anc fos?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aitan n' ai eu, sol non sia mogutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com an aquil que lo tenon rescos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' a mi non costa un denier si s perdia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ill an tot l' esmai e 'l pessamen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quan perdon l' aver perdon lo sen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a mi an pro donat de que ria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per valens faitz es hom miells mantengutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et acuillitz et honratz per los bos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E n' es hom miells desiratz e volgutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'n pot menar plus honratz compaignos:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que malvestatz ab pretz no s' aparia,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni s' acordon per lo mieu escien;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que pretz vol dar e metre largamen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E malvestatz estreing e serra e lia.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lai a 'N Guillem Augier, on pretz s' es clutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tramet mon chant, car el es cabalos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'ls enemics ten sobratz e vencutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et als amics es francs et amoros,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Larcs et adregs e senes vilania;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tot quant a dona e met e despen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non o fai ges ab semblan dolen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' en val mais, ja tan pauc non metria.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bertrand du Pujet.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab gran dreg son maint gran seignor del mon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sempre de bos servidors sofraichos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab gran dreg prendon maintas sazos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Danz e destrics, quan se pogran gandir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab gran dreg faillon a conquerer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Terras e gent, quan n' an cor e voler,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car an mes tot so per qu' om vai pueian</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En honrament et en pretz, en soan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E car il tan senz tota valor son</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non dur' ab els servire fiz ni bos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car s' esdeve, sia tortz o razos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que cascuns vol l' us aprendr' e seguir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De son seignor per miels ab lui caber:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncs si fezesson aissi lur dever</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Li croi seignor com il s' en van loingnan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Grieu aurion servidor mal obran.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sol per so si dechai e s cofon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo segl' e s pert, car il son nuaillos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E nonchalen de totz faitz cabalos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E m meravil com pot esdevenir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' il no voillan proeza mantener,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car s' ab proeza pueion en poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en ricor, don tan gran talent an,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' eu m' en vau trop fort meraveillan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car totz seingner, on mais a cor volon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' aver mais e d' esser mais poderos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De valer deu esser mais voluntos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de tot so que fassa 'ls pros grazir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E maiorment de dar, car fai tener</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per pro maint hom a pauc d' autre saber,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E de tot' autra valor sol que n' an,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el don si gart qu' o met en luec prezan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s' om prezatz, que don pren, no i respon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gent, quant obs es l' onors e 'l pretz e 'l pros</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en ven, celui per cui faig es lo dos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Restaura tot; car chascus que l' au dir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si s preza ren ni sab en re valer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A tan bon cor vas lui com degr' aver</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cel que n' a pres lo don, per qu' a afan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s deu nuls hom tener dar si onran.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als seingnors cug aver faig gran plazer </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En aquest chant, al pros per mantener </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lur bel capteing, et als autres montran, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' il volon far lur pron, so qu' a far an.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Boniface Calvo.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LIV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per tot so c' om sol valer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et esser lauzatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Deval et es encolpatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car es proeza folia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E leialtatz non sabers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gaieza leujaria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' aissi es camjatz valers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En avoles' e il en lui, qu' om te</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo croi per pro, e qu' el pros non val re.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sitot * eu saber</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De far malvestatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per q' eu seria prezatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et en poder puiaria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Conoissenza e devers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mi capdellon tota via</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De guiza, que mos volers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m sofre ges que m plaia fais, per que</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mi prezon cil qu' el mal tenon per be.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Anz voill ab aital voler</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Meinz poder assatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dels crois mal enseingnatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ples de tota vilania</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mi plai en re lurs plazers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni lur mendiga paria,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car mi par lur chapteners</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant laitz e tant aunitz, que per ma fe, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qan sovinenza n' ai, m' enueg de me.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sai qu' eu faria parer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab mos ditz serratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m lau com outracuidatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non a totz, que s' o fazia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De messoini' auri' el vers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Semblanz', e tant se valria;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas sitot no m faill lezers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ges de chantar no m membra ni m sove,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas sol per cels qu' entendemenz soste.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Domna, tan mi fai plazer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bels faitz e honratz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo senz e la granz beutatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">La valors e 'l cortezia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vos que res fors poders</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No m sofraing a far que sia</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Perdutz l' auzirs e 'l vezers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l senz dels avols, per cui s' esdeve</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' om lau celui c' avinen no s capte.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Boniface Calvo.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LV.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui ha talen de donar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tal don que sia lauzatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entr' els savis, deu pensar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tres chauzas, ben o sapchatz:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cals es el eis taing que s pes,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cals cel qu' el don deu penre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E cals los dos; qu' estiers res</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No 'l pot de blasme defendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om don tan gran non deu dar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' en sia trop fort grevatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni tant pauc qu' a soanar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo taingna cellui qui er datz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni dons avinens non es</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">C' om lo 'n poiria rependre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">O chauzir qu' el non saubes</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">So que s taing a far entendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E quant hom per si honrar </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Da 'l sieu e n' es desonratz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No s pot maiorment desfar; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' avers e l' honors prezatz </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Val mais que nuls autre bes; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Doncs qui 'ls pert non pot contendre </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que d' autra guiza pogues</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan bassa valor descendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que requer' e pregar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo rei castellan mi platz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el deia mos chanz membrar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E non crei' uns sieus privatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car il an tal us apres</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E tal art, so il vol aprendre,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quecs, per pauc qu' el n' agues,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son pretz volri' escoiscendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tan mi fai ma dompn' amar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amors, qu' en sui fol jugatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que can deuria poingnar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El rei de servir, li fatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Plazers; e no m' en tueil ges,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car sai qu' il m' en degra rendre</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bon guierdon, s' il plagues</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Adreg sa merce despendre.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Boniface Calvo.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LVI.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mon sirventes tramet al cominal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De tota gen, e si 'l volon auzir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni l' entendo ni 'l sabo devezir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quascus hi pot triar lo ben del mal;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que cobeytatz a tant sazit en brieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mon que no y cort dreg ni tem hom dieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni no y trob om merce ni chauzimen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni vergonha ab lo pus de la gen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Clergue volon trastot l' an per engual</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab cobeitat gent caussar e vestir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l ric prelat volo s tant enantir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ses razo alargan lor deptal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si tenetz de lor un honrat fieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Volran l' aver; e no 'l cobraretz lieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si no lor datz una summa d' argen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no lor faitz plus estreg covinen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rey e comte, baylo e senescal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Volo 'ls castels e las terras sazir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A lur gran tort las paubras gens delir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E li baro son tornat atretal;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E ditz quascus: Ieu penrai d' aquo mieu; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab tot son plus paubres que romieu; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no tenon vertat ni sagramen;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E nos autres em tug d' aquelh eys sen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si monge nier vol dieus que sian sal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per pro manjar ni per femnas tenir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni monge blanc per boulas a mentir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni per erguelh Temple ni Espital,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni canonge per prestar a renieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben tenc per folh sanh Peir' e sanh Andrieu </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que sofriro per dieu aital turmen, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' aquest s' en van aissi a salvamen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si capelan per pro beure a Noal,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni legistas per tort a mantenir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ostalier per son oste trahir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E loguadier per falsar lor jornal,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E raubador e metje e corrieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rauban la gen, se salvo, non cre ieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que menudet no vivon folhamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E selhs qu' estan cofes e peneden.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Revendedor, obrier e menestral</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Iran a dieu, si lor o vol sofrir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab car vendre et ab pliven mentir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E camjador et home de portal,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E renovier yssamen com Juzieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E noyriguier panan so qu' om lor plieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E laurador terras sensals tenen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Festas obran e mezinas crezen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A l' autra gen darai cosselh leyal,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sitot no 'l say a mos ops retenir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que quecx pesses de be far e de dir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que non aurem negus plus de cabal,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni 'n portarem escrit el nostre brieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ad aysselh jorn que rendrem comt' a dieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Al derrier jorn' que tenra parlamen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ayselh senhor que ns formet de nien.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De totz los reys ten hom per pus cabal</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo rey 'N Anfos, tan fay bos faitz grazir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dels comtes selh de Rodes chauzir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai sa valor e son pretz natural,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dels prelatz selh de Memde, qu' el trieu</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sec drechamen e despen gent lo sieu,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dels baros son fraire, tan valen</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son tug siey fag e siey captenemen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui mon chantar me repren no m' es grieu, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si maynt fan be sitot pauc m' en fatz ieu; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab que las gens renheson leyalmen,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pueys poirion dir: De folh apren hom sen.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Raimond de Castelnau.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LVII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cristias vey perilhar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per colpa dels regidors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar entr' elhs no cap amors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni patz ni dreitz, qu' ab tortz far</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son d' autruy dreg enveyos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E creys lurs iniquitatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Creyssen lurs possessios.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En aisso truep voluntos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo pus de las poestatz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ja non dirai dels prelatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ilh devon governar nos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mostran via per salvar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si s fan don lur tanh lauzors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieus fassa 'ls drech guidar!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per sas obras deu mostrar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh que repren las follors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si que 'l n' eschaya honors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ayssi deu hom essenhar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar non es maiestres bos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per sol dictar apelatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'ls faitz no fay cabalos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aisso lais, qu' autra razos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">M' o tolh don suy apessatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' els reys truep desacordatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que d' un voler non sai dos;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant vol quascus contrastar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab l' autre, don es paors</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dieus tot o desampar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Un temps vol dieus yssausar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Crestias, e 'l fon sabors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar el pus era valors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E pessavan d' elh honrar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Contra Sarrazis fellos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et avian entr' elhs patz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et amor totas sazos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas er es contrarios</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' us a l' autre, que duptatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No y es enjans ni baratz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni cuberta tracios;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">L' us cuia l' autr' enjanar:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas pus greu m' es dels maiors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el mals pot a mais montar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan l' us ve l' autre baissar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Se deurian far socors,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar qui val a valedors;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas estiers los vey obrar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que del creysser son gilos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E del mermar fan solatz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om val als pus poderos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bos reys castellas, N Anfos,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab dreg faits tot quant fassatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et auretz pro companhos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El devers sia gardatz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vostres, e 'l pretz per vos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Giraud Riquier.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LVIII.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qui m disses, non a dos ans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el laus me fos desgrazitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del rey 'N Anfos, de pretz guitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mot me fora greus afans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' er es tant vil tengut sai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E blasmatz, que sol parlar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Non aus de luy ad honor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don ai al cor tal dolor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab pauc chant no 'n desampar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">A moutz homes l' aug blasmar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que li foran valedor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si guerra l' agues sabor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant com a cor de donar:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas ieu las! suy en esmai,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Com me sol lauzar mos chans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per elh que m' er abelhitz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant qu' ieu serai sebelhitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans que dreg alhors los lans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mala veyra sos efans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si 'l pus de la gent ver ditz, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que vius n' er despostaditz; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dieus don me mort enans, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar ja gran joy non aurai </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tro per ver auia comtar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que 'l sieu enemic maior</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Aian ab luy tal amor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que d' elhs no 'l calha gardar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab dreg a volgut renhar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et ab pretz et ab valor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Creyssen de terr' ab lauzor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo reys N Anfos que dieus gar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et aras deu mielhs e mai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Voler dreg e patz dos tans,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol que non si' escarnitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que de dieu si' aizitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E sos pretz no s desenans.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mos ditz sera pro bastans</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sol que per luy si' auzitz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu parti totz esferzitz;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E si m' enten, non l' er dans;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero aitan li dirai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que reys deu amicx amar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas de l' als dir ai temor,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'lh chauzisca son melhor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per son dreg dever a far.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jamais no m' esforsarai</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">D' el rey castellan lauzar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni d' autre, si en error</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ven son pretz, qu' a deshonor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Me pogues ab dan tornar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No suy astrucx de senhor</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que m vuelha de cor amar.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Giraud Riquier.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LIX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fortz guerra fai tot lo mon guerreiar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E destruir, per que tot er destrutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ab totz esfortz vey las gens esforsar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De dechazer us austres dechazutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De drechura, q' us non es drechuriers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ans es ab tort qui pot pus torturiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant que temors de dieu no y fai temensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui conoys mescre sa conoyssensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' el mons es estranhatz de mondar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar hom no cre autre ni es crezutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni es amatz per ren ni pot amar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni ben voler, ans es totz ben volgutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om dona dreg, dat per dieu, per deniers;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E per aver avera 'ls messongiers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que dieus fa ses pro far penedensa </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Als crestias crestatz de paciensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Q' us ab son par no s pot apariar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ses decebre, don quecx es deceubutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E gualiatz, tan vol quecx gualiar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Creyssen lo sieu, don mals es tant cregutz</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om no vol far ben, e fa voluntiers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mal, per que patz nos fug, qu' el vers paziers</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Par que nos falh per la nostra falhensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E no nos val quar nos no 'l faym valensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas qui fes totz los bes que pogra far,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E que s tengues dels mals on es tengutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et oblides so que deu oblidar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E decores de cor so qu' es salutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E volgues dreg quar dreitz es dreitz semdiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' aissi viven viu hom e non estiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et obezis so qu' es d' obediensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De belh saber agra belha sabensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vers paires dieus, don no ns podem pairar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vera via, vertatz e vera lutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vers salvamens per que ns devem salvar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vera bontatz don totz bes es vengutz,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amaires vers als amadors entiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Defendemens defendens d' aversiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Faitz nos obrar tals obras ab crezensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' entr' els gueritz trobem ab vos guirensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Amples <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2021/01/lo-cami-traduit-per-ramon-guimera.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">camis</a> ab trops de <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2021/01/lo-cami-traduit-per-ramon-guimera.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">caminiers</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Leus per saber e per tener leugiers,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Es selh de mort, e mortals ab temensa</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh de vida, per qu' a paucx vius agensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si be m falhic no crey que y fes falhensa,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mos Belhs Deportz, deport truep e guirensa.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Giraud Riquier.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">LX.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vertatz es atras tirada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E messonja enantida</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E lialtatz encaussada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E falsetatz aculhida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om ten per dreg son voler </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et obra de son poder</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don tortz es tan poderos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que dreitz es a non chaler</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vengutz, que no y val sermos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sancta fes es sermonada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mot, e pauc l' obra seguida;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant es plazens e privada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selha de mondana vida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om, per complir son plazer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Desconoys dreg e dever,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E d' aver es tant curos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hom, e pro non pot aver,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no sap que s' es razos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E crey qu' a dieu non agrada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar amors non es aizida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni merces non es trobada;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que patz nos es falhida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om non la vol enquerer;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Don deu lo mons dechazer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar dieus totz savis, totz bos, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No vol en loc remaner</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On baratz renh e tensos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas si patz fos essercada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant com es guerr' afortida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Erguelhs non agra cassada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Merce qu' al mon fort oblida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per qu' amors no y pot caber</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni sens no y pot res valer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' erguelhs e baratz ginhos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tolhon auzir e vezer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ad home totas sazos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ihesus Cristz nos a mostrada</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Via qu' es del ver gaug guida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mas tant es pauc ademprada,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que petit es polida,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar mot es greus per tener</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' om manjar be ni jazer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">No y pot, ans viu sofrachos</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Del mon que deu fort temer,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quar tot l' es contrarios.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lo mons no dona lezer</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De be, e fai mal plazer;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E qui pus l' es amoros</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mens a de ben far poder,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tant es lo mals saboros!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sanctz paires dieus glorios,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Senher, datz nos tal saber</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' el mon azirem per vos.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Giraud Riquier.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pièces morales et religieuses.<br /><br />Index:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/i-senher-dieus-que-fezist-adam.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">I, Senher dieus, que fezist Adam,</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vers-dieus-el-vostre-nom.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">II, Vers dieus, el vostre nom e de sancta Maria</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iii-patz-passien-ven-del-senhor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III, Patz passien ven del senhor</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/iv-razos-es-e-mezura.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IV, Razos es e mezura,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/v-ben-volgra-s-esser-pogues.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">V, Ben volgra, s' esser pogues,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vi-verges-en-bon-hora.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VI, Verges, en bon' hora</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/vii-dieus-vera-vida-verays.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VII, Dieus, vera vida, verays,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/viii-ja-hom-pres-ni-dezeretatz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VIII, Ja hom pres ni dezeretatz</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ix-pus-lo-dous-temps-ve-jogan-e-rizen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IX, Pus lo dous temps ve jogan e rizen,</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/lo-paire-filh-sant-espirital.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">X, Lo pair' e 'l filh e 'l sant espirital</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xi-mantas-vetz-sui-enqueritz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XI, Mantas vetz sui enqueritz</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xii-nueg-e-jorn-suy-en-pensamen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XII, Nueg e jorn suy en pensamen</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiii-oi-maire-filla-de-dieu.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIII, Oi! Maire, filla de dieu,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xiv-un-decret-fauc-drechurier.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIV, Un decret fauc drechurier,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xv-vera-vergena-maria.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XV, Vera vergena Maria,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvi-dels-quatre-caps-que-la-cros.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVI, Dels quatre caps que a la cros</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xvii-ihesum-crist-nostre-salvaire.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVII, Ihesum Crist, nostre Salvaire,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/ben-es-adreigz-e-sap-qu-es-alegranza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVIII, Ben es adreigz E sap qu' es alegranza,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xix-sirvens-suy-avutz-et-arlotz.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIX, Sirvens suy avutz et arlotz,</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xx-domna-dels-angels-regina-lenga.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XX, Domna, dels angels regina</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxi-be-volria-de-la-mellor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXI, Be volria de la mellor</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxii-cor-ai-e-voluntat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXII, Cor ai e voluntat</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxiii-luecx-es-qu-om-si-deu-alegrar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIII, Luecx es qu' om si deu alegrar;</a><br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/xxiv-esperansa-de-totz-ferms-esperans.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIV, Esperansa de totz ferms esperans</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Tome 5:<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-cinquieme-appendice-biographies.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Appendice - Biographies</a> (+ Index)<br /><br />Tome 6:<br /><br /><a href="https://lopapaparlechapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/11/grammaire-comparee-langues-europe-latine-chapitre-1.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Grammaire comparée langues Europe latine - chapitre 1, Substantifs</a> (+ Index)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Lexique roman:<br /><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: large;">Pièces diverses. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Chanson attribuée au <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/tome-troisieme-pieces-amoureuses-comte-poitiers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Comte de Poitiers</a> et a Prebost de Valence.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En aissi cum son plus car,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no solon, mey cossir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E plus honrat mey desir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dey plus plazens chansos far.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E s' ieu tan plazen chanso</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fas, que n' ai plazen razo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben er ma chansos plazens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E <a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com/2017/06/guay-cultiva-maracuya-huerta-mayor.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">guaya</a> et <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/10/giraud-riquier-en-cataluenha-la-gaya.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">avinens</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'el dig e 'l fag e 'l ris e 'l bel semblan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Son avinens de vos, per cuy <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/tomas-bosque-la-codonera-teruel-arago.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ieu chan</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Per que m dey ben esforsar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ab lauzar et ab servir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vostre ric pretz grazir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'n dey Amors merceiar,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Car de mi vos a fag do,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que be m ren ric guizardo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dels greus, durs malstraytz cozens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E dels plazens pessamens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' ieu ai de vos, cuy am e vuelh e blan</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E fug e siec e dezir e soan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sens mi fai vos soanar, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que no m' en mostra jauzir;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Azautz vos mi fay <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=abellis" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">abelhir</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Dompna, e m fai vos dezirar; </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E siec vos, car m' es tan bo, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quan remir vostra faisso, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E us fug pel brug de las gens, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E us blan, quar etz tan valens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E us vuelh, e us col per sufrir derenan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E us am, quar vey qu' a mon cor plazetz tan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">S' ieu volia ben lauzar </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vostra lauzor, ses mentir, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' honrar e l' aculhir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l vostre avinen parlar, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E las beutatz qu'en vos so,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l bel sen e 'l plazen no, </span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l ricx guays captenemens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ben sabria 'l meyns sabens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Quals etz, per qu' ieu no us vuelh ges lauzar tan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cum mostra vers, ni cum ai en talan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Neys no m' auzi cossirar</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Que ja us prec, ni vos aus dir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Si cum faitz jauzen morir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Ni no m vuelh dezesperar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'en la vostr' entencio</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Suy ricx, pueys ai sospeysso</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu' Amors, qu' els ricx autz cors vens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Mi puesca, aitan leumens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De vos donar so que ieu li <a href="https://textos-dante-alighieri.blogspot.com/2020/08/purgatorio-canto-xxvi.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">deman</a>,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fin gaug entier, qu' als no 'lh vau demandan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Belha dona, ges no m par</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu 'om deya may obezir</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Autra del mon ni servir,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">En dreg d' amor, ni honrar;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Et a ben plazent razo</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Selh qu' es en vostra preizo,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'el vostr' humils, francs parvens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fai dels <a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com/2018/04/senalizacion-camino-rural-ulldemo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cors mortz</a> vius jauzens;</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l mal que m datz son ben, e pro li dan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E l' ira joys, e repaus li afan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/06/silvia-dilla-valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Na Salvatga</a>, mout m' es gens</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Vostre ricx captenemens,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Qu'el dig e 'l fag son gay e benestan,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">E 'l vostre cors d' aquelh mezeys semblan.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">// Index:<br /><br /><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/giraud-roux-be-m-ten-en-son-poders-amors.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Giraud le Roux - be m ten en son poders Amors</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/rambaud-orange-assatz-sai-d-amor-ben-parlar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud Orange - Assatz sai d amor ben parlar</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/pierre-rogiers-ges-non-puesc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pierre Rogiers. Ges non puesc en bon vers falhir</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/estat-ai-cum-hom-esperdutz-bernar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bernard de Ventadour. Estat ai cum hom esperdutz</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/us-novels-pessamens-m-estai-pierre-raimond-toulouse.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pierre Raimond de Toulouse. Us novels pessamens m' estai</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/be-m-platz-quar-treva-ni-fis-bertrand-born.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bertrand de Born. Be m platz quar treva ni fis</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/los-mals-amor-ai-ieu-ben-totz-apres-folquet-marseille.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Folquet de Marseille. Los mals d' amor ai ieu ben totz apres,</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/ben-fora-oimais-sazos-locs-guillems-adhemars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillaume Adhemar. Guillems Adhemars. Ben fora oimais sazos e locs</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/grans-beutatz-fis-ensenhamens-arnaud-marueil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arnaud de Marueil. La grans beutatz e 'l fis ensenhamens</a></span></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/aital-dona-cum-ieu-sai-berenguer-.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Bérenger de Palasol. Aital dona, cum ieu sai,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/cadenet-oimais-m-auretz-avinen.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Cadenet. Oimais m' auretz avinen</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/rambaud-de-vaqueiras-ja-non-cugei-vezer.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Rambaud de Vaqueiras. Ja non cugei vezer</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/moutas-sazos-es-hom-plus-volontos-gaucelm-faidit.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Gaucelm Faidit. Moutas sazos es hom plus volontos</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/aquest-terminis-clars-gens-giraud-borneil.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Giraud de Borneil. Aquest terminis clars e gens,</span></a></p><p><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2023/12/cuendas-razos-novelhas-plazens-hugues-brunet.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Hugues Brunet. Cuendas razos, novelhas e plazens</span></a></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"></span></p><p>ETC...</p><div></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-90958055318151302292022-06-01T02:00:00.002-07:002022-06-01T02:00:36.769-07:00Santiago Hernández Ruiz<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Lucci, Marcela (2017). «Semblanza de Santiago Hernández Ruiz (Atea,</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">1901 - Valderrobres, 1988)». En <a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes</a> - Portal <a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/editores_editoriales_iberoamericanos/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Editores y Editoriales </a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/editores_editoriales_iberoamericanos/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Iberoamericanos (siglos XIX-XXI)</a> - <a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/editores_editoriales_iberoamericanos/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">EDI-RED</a>:</span></div><p><a href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/santiagohernandez-ruiz-atea-1901--valderrobres-1988-semblanza-846930/" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana;" target="_blank">http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/santiagohernandez-ruiz-atea-1901--valderrobres-1988-semblanza-846930/</a><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=6784" imageanchor="1" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt="Santiago Hernández Ruiz" border="0" data-original-height="666" data-original-width="567" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5PhxV2jVFOrbnVJZoq4z9a0rhChJ7-w9j-svs0vpE9lwhpVg5TJhicbd3BaMxmCP_dH9CuUP4F14nPDNTyqBe8cgMUKlDb7DN9KkDP08gdPaYqURkaKGny300pq0hh2fvaeXp-4p6elCXYaHHpqy8bLZFcSxUN-OgYP0zZTcfrKPTiQYpk4pzWaLtXA/w544-h640/Santiago%20Hern%C3%A1ndez%20Ruiz.jpg" title="Santiago Hernández Ruiz" width="544" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Marcela Lucci: Semblanza de SANTIAGO HERNÁNDEZ RUIZ</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><b>Santiago Hernández Ruiz</b> (Atea, 1901 - <b>Valderrobres</b>, 1988) fue <b>pedagogo </b>y político. </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Su labor teórica en el campo de la <b><a href="https://mexico.unir.net/educacion/noticias/que-es-pedagogia/#:~:text=La%20pedagog%C3%ADa%20es%20una%20ciencia,all%C3%A1%20de%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20formal." rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pedagogía</a></b> lo convirtió en una de las figuras señeras </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">de la educación española del siglo XX. Estudió Magisterio en Zaragoza, donde trabajó </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">además en diversas empresas editoriales. Ejerció como maestro en <a href="https://bodegaspaniza.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Paniza</a> entre 1925 y </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">1930. Continuó su carrera docente en Madrid y en Teruel. Militó en el <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/ccec/6331?lang=en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Partido </a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://journals.openedition.org/ccec/6331?lang=en" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Republicano Radical Socialista</a> y en <a href="https://www.unionrepublicana.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Unión Republicana</a>, y era miembro de la <a href="https://www.ugt.es/que-es-ugt" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Unión </a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.ugt.es/que-es-ugt" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">General de Trabajadores</a> (<a href="https://www.ugt.es/que-es-ugt" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">UGT</a>). <br />Durante la <a href="https://www.congreso.es/cem/iirepesp" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">II República (1931-1936)</a> fue presidente de </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">la Comisión de Estudios Pedagógicos y de la Asociación Nacional del Magisterio. El </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">editor <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Diccionario_de_pedagog%C3%ADa_publicado_bajo.html?id=4zVsAAAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Luis Sánchez Sarto</a> lo convocó para colaborar en la redacción del <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Diccionario_de_pedagog%C3%ADa_publicado_bajo.html?id=4zVsAAAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Diccionario de</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Diccionario_de_pedagog%C3%ADa_publicado_bajo.html?id=4zVsAAAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedagogía</a> Labor que <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Diccionario_de_pedagog%C3%ADa_publicado_bajo.html?id=4zVsAAAAIAAJ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Editorial Labor lanzó al mercado en 1936</a>. En 1937 fue designado </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Secretario General de Instrucción Pública de la República.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">En julio de 1939 se exilió en <a href="https://mexiko.diplo.de/mx-es/temas/kultur/pol-exil-seite/877316" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">México</a>, donde se relacionó inmediatamente con el</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">ambiente educativo y editorial. Fue docente en la <a href="http://www.itroque.edu.mx/conocenos/historia-de-roque.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Escuela Normal Rural de Roque</a>, en el </span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.ateneoesmex.com/inicio/el-instituto-hispano-mexicano-ruiz-de-alarcon-una-escuela-poco-conocida-del-exilio/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Instituto Hispano-Mexicano Ruiz de Alarcón</a>, en el Colegio de Madrid y en la Escuela </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Nacional de Maestros. En 1947 fue designado miembro del Consejo Técnico de la </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Dirección General de Enseñanza. Entre 1957 y 1967 trabajó como experto de la </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">UNESCO para el proyecto de esa organización sobre la educación en Hispanoamérica.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Desde 1967 fue docente en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sin embargo, su trabajo teórico –centrado en resaltar el valor espiritual de la</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">educación y la importancia del maestro como agente central de la labor educativa– y su </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">experiencia previa en el ámbito editorial, permitieron que se afianzara su prestigio como </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">teórico de la pedagogía. En Ciudad de México fue muy fructífera su relación con </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">diversos proyectos editoriales promovidos por exiliados españoles. Gracias a su antigua </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">relación con Manuel Sánchez Sarto llegó a la Editorial Atlante, la empresa que Sánchez </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sarto y <a href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/31946/estanislau-ruiz-ponseti" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Estanislau Ruiz Ponsetí</a> fundaron en 1939 para impulsar las obras de </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">intelectuales y científicos vinculados al PSUC y para promover el auxilio económico </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">para exiliados comunistas en México. Si bien la editorial publicó trabajos de ficción </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">como Destierro, Sonetos, Décimas concéntricas y Excéntricas. Burlas y veras </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">castellanas (con prólogo de <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWRrvGN5BdA" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Azorín</a>) (1942) y Nueve sonetos y tres romances con una </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">carta rota, incoherente e impertinente a Alfonso Reyes (1952), de Juan José </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Domenchina; Poemas (1952), de Ida Gramcko; ¿No era mi hijo? (1953), de Madeleine </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Joye, versión española de Margarita Nelken; o El salario del miedo (1954), de Georges</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Arnaud (traducción y notas de José López y López), el catálogo tiende a la publicación </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">de obras científicas y de divulgación, como Cooperativas, talleres, huertos y granjas </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">escolares (1940), de Domingo Tirado Benedí; Diccionario de Filosofía (1941), de José </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ferrater Mora; Diccionario de química (1943), de Stephen Miall, traducido y anotado </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">por José Giral; Tratado de anatomía patológica (1946), de Isaac Costero; Acuarelas </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">(1935-1945) (1946), de Diego Rivera o Pediatría práctica (1952), de José Barón </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Fernández. Esta elección convirtió a Atlante en un entorno ideal para la producción </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">intelectual de Hernández Ruiz. Para esta editorial, considerada una de las más </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">prestigiosas y rentables del exilio español en México, Hernández Ruiz dirigió, junto al </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">también pedagogo <a href="https://www.ecured.cu/Domingo_Tirado_Bened%C3%AD" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Domingo Tirado Benedí</a>, la obra en dos volúmenes La Ciencia de la </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Educación (1940), trabajo que se convertiría en uno de los títulos más importantes de su</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">obra pedagógica y del catálogo de la editorial.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Santiago Hernández también colaboró intensamente con las editoriales Herrero</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Hermanos y Luis Fernández G., que más tarde se convertiría en Fernández Editores. De </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">la vinculación con estas dos editoras debemos mencionar para Luis Fernández G.: </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Nosotros, libro de lectura para tercer año (1951); Amanecer, libro de lectura para </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">primer año; Primeras Luces, libro de lectura para segundo año; Curiosidades y </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ejemplos, libro de lectura para cuarto año; Continente, libro de lectura para quinto </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">año y Cultura y Espíritu, libro de lectura para sexto año (todos de 1952) y, para </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Herrero Hermanos: Aritmética y Nociones de Geometría, primer ciclo; Aritmética y </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Nociones de Geometría, segundo ciclo; Aritmética y Geometría, tercer ciclo e Historia </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">de América, quinto año (todos de 1952).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sus trabajos para esas casas editoriales, que fueron elegidos como textos de</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">enseñanza por la Secretaría de Educación Pública azteca, ayudaron a convertir a</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Santiago Hernández Ruiz en un referente prestigioso en el campo de la educación y la </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">pedagogía y en un autor rentable para el mercado del libro Mexicano. Para <a href="http://www.elem.mx/institucion/editorial/21639/1/numero/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">UTEHA</a> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">(<a href="http://www.elem.mx/institucion/editorial/21639/1/numero/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Unión Tipográfica Editorial Hispano Americana</a>), la editora que <a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/jose-maria-gonzalez-porto-torreborredo-pontevedra-1895--ciudad-de-mexico-1975-semblanza/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">José María González </a></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/jose-maria-gonzalez-porto-torreborredo-pontevedra-1895--ciudad-de-mexico-1975-semblanza/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Porto</a> había fundado en <a href="https://www.visitmexico.com/ciudad-de-mexico" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ciudad de México</a> en 1937, Hernández Ruiz dirigió </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Metodología General de la Enseñanza (1949) y Organización Escolar (1954). </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Además de las obras mencionadas, la producción científica de Hernández Ruiz</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">destaca por los siguientes títulos: Antología pedagógica Platón (Luis Fernández G.,</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">1957), La clase (Fernández Editores, 1960), La escuela y el medio (Secretaría de</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Educación Pública de México, 1945) y Psicopedagogía del interés: estudio histórico, </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">crítico, psicológico y pedagógico del concepto más importante de la pedagogía </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">contemporánea (UTEHA, 1950).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br />Marcela Lucci</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.udg.edu/ca/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Universitat de Girona</a> / <a href="https://uca.edu.ar/es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina</a> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Selección bibliográfica:<br /><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">CARDA ROS, Rosa María y Faustino LARROSA MARTÍNEZ (2007). La</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">organización del centro educativo: Manual para maestros. México: Editorial</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Club Universitario, p. 14.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">CASTAÑEDA RINCÓN, Javier (2006). La enseñanza de la geografía en México: una</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">visión histórica, 1821-2005. Ciudad de México: Plaza y Valdés, p. 108.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">CERRILLO TORREMOCHA, Pedro C. y María Teresa MIAJA (coords.) (2013). La</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">literatura infantil y juvenil española en el exilio mexicano. San Luis de Potosí:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">El Colegio de San Luis, p. 237.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">DE BATTISTI, Pablo Jesús (2011). «Clasificaciones de la Pedagogía General y</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Pedagogías Específicas: un análisis de las demarcaciones efectuadas por</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">especialistas del campo pedagógico», en:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://ecpuna.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/actas/De_Battisti-_Pablo_Jesus.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://ecpuna.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/actas/De_Battisti-_Pablo_Jesus.pdf</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">DÍAZ BARRIGA, Ángel (comp.) (1993). El Examen: textos para su historia y debate.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Ciudad de México: Plaza y Valdés.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">ELIZER IXBA, Alejos (2013). «La creación del libro de texto gratuito en México</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">(1959) y su impacto en la industria editorial de su tiempo. Autores y editoriales</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">de ascendencia española», RMIE (Revista Mexicana de Investigación</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Educativa), n.º 8, pp. 1.189-1.211.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">HERNÁNDEZ DÍAZ, José María (2002). «Maestros, inspectores y pedagogos en el</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">exilio español de 1939». En José María BALCELLS y José Antonio PÉREZ</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">BOWIE (eds.). El exilio cultural de la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939. Alicante:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Disponible en:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/el-exilio-cultural-de-la-guerra-civil19361939--0/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/el-exilio-cultural-de-la-guerra-civil19361939--0/</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Hernández Ruiz, Santiago», en</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://www.calatayud.org/enciclopedia/santiago_hernandez.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.calatayud.org/enciclopedia/santiago_hernandez.htm</a>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">JUAN BORROY, Víctor Manuel (2001). «El pedagogo aragonés Domingo Tirado</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Benedí», en <a href="http://www.unizar.es/cce/vjuan/domingo_tirado.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.unizar.es/cce/vjuan/domingo_tirado.htm</a>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">——— (2002). «Introducción». En Alejandro TIANA FERRER y Víctor Manuel</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">JUAN BORROY (eds.). Santiago Hernández Ruiz (1901–1988) y la educación</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">de su tiempo. Miradas desde un centenario. Zaragoza: UNED. Disponible en:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://www.unizar.es/cce/vjuan/centenario_hernandez.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.unizar.es/cce/vjuan/centenario_hernandez.htm</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">LÓPEZ-OCÓN, Leoncio (2013). «La editorial Atlante: claves de una iniciativa cultural </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">de los <a href="https://www.exiliadosrepublicanos.info/es/historia-exilio" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">republicanos españoles exiliados</a>», Laberintos. Revista de estudios sobre </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">los exilios culturales españoles, n.º 15, pp. 129-155.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">——— (2015). «Entre dos continentes o de cómo se fundó en 1939 la editorial</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">republicana Atlante», en <a href="http://www.geocritiq.com/2015/01/entre-doscontinentes-o-de-como-se-fundo-en-1939-la-editorial-republicana-atlante/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.geocritiq.com/2015/01/entre-doscontinentes-o-de-como-se-fundo-en-1939-la-editorial-republicana-atlante/</a>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">SANDOVAL, Rosa María (1991). «La carrera de Filosofía de la Facultad de Filosofía y </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Letras de la UNAM. Análisis de la Institucionalización de la disciplina (1955-</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">1972)». En Concepción BARRÓN TIRADO et al. La formación y el desempeño</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">profesional del licenciado en educación: un estudio comparativo avances de</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">investigación 1989 - 90. Ciudad de México: UNAM, pp. 53-54.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Santiago Hernández, nuestro pedagogo más universal», en</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://www.calatayud.org/noticias/DICIEMBRE-01/121201_1.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.calatayud.org/noticias/DICIEMBRE-01/121201_1.htm</a>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Santiago Hernández Ruiz», en <a href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0032513.xml" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0032513.xml</a>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Santiago Hernández Ruiz (Atea, 1901 - Valderrobles, 1988)», en</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://atea.webcindario.com/paginas/SantiagoHernandezRuiz.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://atea.webcindario.com/paginas/SantiagoHernandezRuiz.htm</a>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">VIÑAO FRAGO, Antonio (2004). Escuela para todos: educación y modernidad en la</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">España del siglo XX. Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia.</span></div></div><p>Enciclopedia aragonesa:<br /><br /></p><p>(<a href="https://www.aragon.es/municipios/atea" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Atea</a>, Z., 1-V-1901 - Valderrobres, T., 8-IV-1988). El más importante pedagogo aragonés tras la muerte de Joaquín Costa, realiza en su lugar natal sus estudios primarios, que continúa con un hermano maestro en Sena de Sijena (H.) y Villamayor del Gállego (Z.). En 1915 ingresa en la Escuela Normal de Zaragoza, si bien por escasez de recursos económicos realiza los estudios de la carrera como alumno libre, a la vez que trabaja en la librería Gómez Pastor, en Coso, 87. En 1919 toma el grado superior de primera enseñanza en el colegio de San Felipe, y hasta 1925, en que gana las oposiciones, ejerce diversos trabajos: auxiliar técnico en la editorial Ruiz Hermanos de Madrid (1920), maestro de párvulos del colegio Santo Ángel de la Guarda de la misma ciudad (1921-24).</p><p>Desde 1925 es maestro nacional de Paniza (Z.), cuya escuela hoy lleva su nombre, y desde 1931 del grupo escolar «Pilar de Zaragoza» de Madrid, por nueva oposición libre. En 1933 gana la plaza de director del Grupo «Tirso de Molina» de la capital de España, y en 1935 el cargo de inspector de primera enseñanza, que ejercerá en Teruel, donde también dirige una academia para el ingreso en el Magisterio. Ya desde 1928, en que recibe el Premio Nacional de Literatura por su antología de textos Letras Españolas, destacan sus actividades publicísticas. Entre 1932 y 1936 es sucesivamente secretario general, presidente de la Comisión de Estudios Pedagógicos y presidente de la Asociación Nacional del Magisterio, de cuyo trisemanario El Magisterio fue siete años colaborador permanente y tres años director.</p><p>Militante del Partido Radical-Socialista y luego de Unión Republicana sindicado en U.G.T., es sin embargo invitado a ocupar, profesionalmente, el cargo de secretario general de Instrucción Pública durante la guerra civil, en 1938, siendo ministro el anarquista Blanco. Al finalizar la guerra, se exilia a México, donde alcanzará los máximos honores y distinciones y realiza una labor gigantesca en sus numerosas publicaciones, viajes, clases y conferencias. México, que se honra con su presencia, es su segunda patria, si bien Santiago Hernández regresa a España desde fines de los 60 y pasa largas temporadas en Valderrobres (T.), villa natal de su esposa. En 1939 es profesor del colegio Luis Vives de México y, siempre en dicha ciudad, en 1940 director de Enseñanza Primaria de la academia Ruiz de Alarcón; en 1941 subdirector general y director de Primaria del famoso colegio Madrid; en 1947 supervisor de Educación Normal y miembro del Consejo Técnico de la recién fundada Dirección General de Enseñanza Normal, con desempeño de la cátedra de Historia de la Educación en la Escuela Nacional de Maestros.</p><p>Entre 1957 y 1967 trabaja como experto itinerante del «Proyecto Principal n.° 1» de la Unesco para la extensión de la enseñanza primaria en América Latina, con predominio del trabajo de campo en escuelas unitarias, ante grupos de inspectores. Son años de experiencias muy intensas, con repetidos viajes a la práctica totalidad de los países de América del Centro y del Sur. Numerosas escuelas -como las de Dulce Nombre en Nicaragua o San Pablo del Lago en Ecuador y otras muchas se organizan según sus enseñanzas prácticas. En Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras y El Salvador colabora en proyectos destinados a elevar la escolaridad en las áreas rurales, en la formación y perfeccionamiento de profesores e inspectores escolares. También lleva a cabo importantes trabajos en Panamá, Colombia, Venezuela, Perú (donde le acompaña el también aragonés Amando Sacristán), Chile, Argentina (profesando en Buenos Aires en la cátedra de Juan Mantovani), Brasil, etc.</p><p>De nuevo en México, donde sigue extraordinariamente activo, ocupa desde 1967 las cátedras de Didáctica Superior y Técnica de la Dirección y Supervisión de Escuelas (licenciatura), Metodología de la Enseñanza Superior (Maestría) y Formación y Desarrollo de Planes y Programas de Enseñanza (Doctorado) en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma. En 1981, se retiró de las tareas docentes y siguió publicando artículos y libros y redactando sus memorias, que se han publicado recientemente.</p><p>En 1980, el rey le otorgó la Cruz de Alfonso X el Sabio, siendo nombrado en 1984 hijo adoptivo de la ciudad de Zaragoza.</p><p>Hombre jovial, comunicativo, sencillo, disfrutó de cientos de amigos y un gran prestigio entre sus compañeros allá donde estuvo, desde la Zaragoza de los años 20, con Casas, Arnal Cavero, Fatás, etc., hasta el exilio mexicano, donde se reencuentra con Jarnés, Arana, Andújar, etc.</p><p>Obra: Sus libros gozan de merecida fama universal en el mundo de habla española y portuguesa, bien sean sencillos libros de lectura, bien profundos estudios de didáctica y organización escolar. Destaquemos en España, los libros escolares de lectura Un año de mi vida; Curiosidades; Mis amigos y yo y Letras españolas; en esos años colabora en La Educación y El Magisterio de Aragón, de Zaragoza; Disciplina Escolar, El Maestro y Avante de Barcelona, y Cooperativas escolares y El Magisterio Nacional ya citado, en Madrid.</p><p>En México: libros para niños, de Lectura (1.° a 6.° años), Geografía e Historia de la Nación, el Continente y el Mundo; Aritmética de 3.° a 6.°, de gran aceptación; Revistas pedagógicas: La Escuela Mexicana, con el inspector español Orencio Muñoz, y Mensaje. Obras científicas: Ciencia de la Educación (con el inspector aragonés Domingo Tirado Benedí) y Metodología de Aritmética en la enseñanza primaria, en editorial Atlante. Psicopedagogía del Interés; Pedagogía Natural; Metodología general y Organización Escolar, en la editorial Uteha, las dos últimas quizá sus obras más conocidas y estudiadas en España, se realizaron bajo su dirección, con introducción, síntesis final y varios capítulos propios, por un equipo de treinta profesores españoles e hispanoamericanos. En otras editoriales: Fesa, dirección de la serie «Ensayos Pedagógicos» con más de cuarenta títulos, de los que catorce son suyos; Porrúa, Teoría General de la Educación y la Enseñanza; Ministerio de Educación, La Escuela y el medio; Rex, Biografía de Miguel Servet; Unesco, La escuela unitaria; Yangües, La legislación de Primera Enseñanza de la República; Fernández, Disciplina escolar, Antología pedagógica de Platón, Antología pedagógica de Aristóteles, Antología pedagógica de Quintiliano, La escuela completa de maestro único; Hernández, Manual de didáctica general; Escuela española, Fracasos escolares, y numerosos ensayos sobre formación de maestros, deserción escolar, escuelas rurales, las desventajas del sistema de exámenes, etc. También publicó El correr de los siglos. Una historia total del hombre (dos tomos).</p><p>Bibliografía: Una pequeña biografía suya en Covarrubias, A.: Proyección de la pasión de enseñar; Santiago de Chile, 1975. El <a href="https://ice.unizar.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación</a> de la <a href="https://universidad-zaragoza.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Universidad de Zaragoza</a> ha publicado en 1997 sus memorias, siendo <a href="http://redaragon.elperiodicodearagon.com/cultura/librosydiscos/default.asp?accion=au&pkid=20125" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Víctor Manuel Juan Borroy</a> el encargado de la introducción y edición científica: <a href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=217291" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Una vida española del siglo XX. Memorias (1901-1988)</a>.</p><p><a href="https://alacarta.aragontelevision.es/programas/la-voz-de-mi-calle/cap-65-santiago-hernandez-ruiz-valderrobres-02112021-2205" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://alacarta.aragontelevision.es/programas/la-voz-de-mi-calle/cap-65-santiago-hernandez-ruiz-valderrobres-02112021-2205</a></p><p>En la <b><a href="https://callejero.club/valderrobres/calle-de-santiago-hernandez-ruiz" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">calle Santiago Hernández Ruiz</a></b> no sólo se respira historia, también música. Son varios los motivos. Uno de ellos es que allí se encuentra la <b>casa natal de <a href="https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/08/21/eps/1534848978_452121.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Elvira de Hidalgo</a></b>, gran soprano maestra de <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-TwMfgaDC8" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">María Callas</a>. Otro, es que antiguamente la calle fue el lugar en el que los jóvenes de la localidad rondaban. Antolino y Luis, hoy con unos años más, siguen teniendo las mismas ganas de cantar y bailar. Gracias a su empeño se recuperó la letra del <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-diXlaleSE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bolero de Valderrobres</a>.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5-diXlaleSE" width="320" youtube-src-id="5-diXlaleSE"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comCalle de Santiago Hernández Ruiz, 44580 Valderrobres, Teruel, España40.8737131 0.15755814.600934796383989 -34.998692 67.146491403616011 35.313808tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-91428467845153888962021-10-17T04:04:00.000-07:002023-12-30T11:33:11.123-08:00Lógica de D. Andrés Piquer, médico de su majestad. Fórnoles. Fórnols.<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span>Lógica de D. <a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Andrés Piquer</a>, médico de su</span><span> </span><i>magestad</i><span>, tercera edición.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><br /></span><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="Lógica de D. ANDRÉS PIQUER, Médico de su majestad.: TERCERA EDICIÓN. MADRID. MDCCLXXXI. (1781)" border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="217" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghl8UIzkoX9bPuAkEJZFLpgCuPEuj7CYpDn7LLArEUp7Ck4XnKT0JAg4lpPfgruYF6goe0iEPUYE6T_PqhSxoSGWbwC_EEzTMyoqJjVnEb8PZLJH29OC5rlUyCJHnMXipJvUpReT5CFCI2Ad0MiD0VWsMQsV17O39_wPqxbZyoLwvgYaS3xDKmCzWI=w201-h320" title="Lógica de D. ANDRÉS PIQUER, Médico de su majestad.: TERCERA EDICIÓN. MADRID. MDCCLXXXI. (1781)" width="201" /></a></div><br /><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Lógica de D. Andrés Piquer, médico de su magestad, tercera edición" border="0" data-original-height="342" data-original-width="520" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLIFn7mSt4FBjB0_beQSgOjy4IOAGIcMCB-wtnlOCFT3ND1H7XtzgbUBOPjM9KUgN0AdWXkJlVoeoprYej8NRvJalEuCVl5ZZnRmvpF5rOGTM8n_fMvdjegr7P5mKXX4GvepA2ksxZzog/s400/l%25C3%25B3gica-piquer.jpg" title="Lógica de D. Andrés Piquer, médico de su magestad, tercera edición" width="400" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Por D. <b>Joachin Ibarra</b>, impresor de Cámara de S.M</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Lógica de D. Andrés Piquer, médico de su magestad, tercera edición. Introducción" border="0" data-original-height="1415" data-original-width="1024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCKobE7bVB4AEa9Q56wuqGl_qmGpbaXB1aY2mjyzQMgDWKd2opQI7XCyyL8JGe_ZnuIgcHbqr4P6PcYThDKECOKKPGMvFc6zeKDOcjHNCM_lTzhw1l-GF3Uzo3YUStL_laFblGsj_DZzs/w463-h640/L%25C3%25B3gica_de_D_Andr%25C3%25A9s_Piquer_introducci%25C3%25B3n.JPEG" title="Lógica de D. Andrés Piquer, médico de su magestad, tercera edición. Introducción" width="463" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><span face="Verdana, sans-serif"><br /></span></span><br /></span><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">/ Ortografía actualizada en parte por <a href="http://ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramón Guimerá Lorente</a>.<br />Quitaría muchas comas, y algunas seguro que me las dejaré porque el OCR no las ha escrito. /<br /><br />Lógica de D. <a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ANDRÉS PIQUER</a>, Médico de su <i>Magestad</i>. (Algunas palabras en cursiva en las primeras hojas indican cómo escribía <a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Andrés Piquer</a>, como por ejemplo: Magestad, con g).</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">TERCERA EDICIÓN.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">MADRID. MDCCLXXXI. (<i>1781</i>)</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Por D. <b>Joachin Ibarra</b>, Impresor de Cámara de S. M.<br /><br />CON PRIVILEGIO.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">//<br /></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Continúa aquí</a></span></div></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-70585548861257521142021-05-06T15:32:00.002-07:002023-12-30T11:31:36.645-08:00Villaboñudos del Río, embalse, pantano<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Las <a href="https://administracion.gob.es/pag_Home/espanaAdmon/comoSeOrganizaEstado/Administracion_Gral_Estado.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">administraciones</a>, por todos es sabido, suelen ser muy lentas a la hora de resolver según qué asuntos. No obstante, a veces <a href="http://construccionesginer.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">sorprende la efectividad y rapidez</a> con la que actúan en determinadas ocasiones. <br /><br />Como lo que ocurre en una zona, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme</a>, y en la que una empresa está planteando construir una <b><a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/2016/07/pantano-pena-beceite-valderrobres.html" target="_blank">presa hidroeléctrica</a></b> de 180 metros de altura. Cuando el <b><a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/2016/07/pantano-pena-beceite-valderrobres.html" target="_blank">embalse</a> </b>esté lleno, inundará una extensión de 2.000 hectáreas, varias tierras de cultivo, bosques y <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search/label/oso" target="_blank">algún cortijo</a>. También inundará un castillo de estilo <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/pozo-aines-tarazona-turiasonense.html" target="_blank">mudéjar</a>, declarado <a href="https://patrimoniointeligente.com/que-es-un-bic/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bien de Interés Cultural</a>, pero está ya todo previsto: lo desmontarán y se lo llevarán 180 metros más arriba. De igual modo la localidad de <a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/opinion/lentitudes-y-prisas/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Villaboñudos del Río</a> no se verá afectada porque su entorno está declarado como zona <a href="https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/red-natura-2000/zepa.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ZEPA</a>. El proyecto inicial recogía una <b>presa</b> 12 metros más alta, que hubiese inundado la localidad, pero finalmente el informe de impacto ambiental fue desfavorable al existir esa <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2020/12/requiem-per-un-llaurado-espanol.html" target="_blank">zona de protección de aves</a>. Lo cierto es que la mitad de sus habitantes están muy ilusionados con el nuevo puerto de <b><a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com/2016/07/pesquera-toll-pablet-pozos-banarse.html" target="_blank">agua dulce</a></b> que les prometió el ministro y que está recogido en el Plan de Revitalización que se aplicará en la zona. Sin embargo, a solo 2 kilómetros,, no correrá la misma suerte la pequeña pedanía de <a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/opinion/lentitudes-y-prisas/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Villaboñudos de la Ribera</a>, de 11 habitantes y que cuenta con una extraordinaria <b>ermita del siglo XII</b>. Este núcleo urbano no cuenta con ninguna figura de protección y «<a href="https://issuu.com/elcuerpoabierto/docs/arendt__hannah_-_eichmann_en_jerusa" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">con gran dolor del gobernador</a>» serán derribadas ermita y viviendas.</span></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1em 0px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero lo importante de todo ello es que la <b>presa </b>generará 900 <b>megavatios </b>de <b>electricidad </b>sin emitir ni un solo gramo de <u>dióxido de carbono</u> -<a href="https://www.factorenergia.com/es/blog/autoconsumo/aumento-del-consumo-energia-verde/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">energía verde</a>-. Además, gracias a sus 417 <b><a href="https://www.superprof.es/diccionario/matematicas/aritmetica/hectometro-cubico.html" rel="" target="_blank">hectómetros cúbicos</a></b> de capacidad, podrá usarse esa <b>agua </b>en algún sitio y su <a href="http://construccionesginer.blogspot.com" target="_blank">construcción</a> generará muchos puestos de trabajo. En este caso la administración lo ha hecho fabulosamente bien. El proyecto fue declarado de interés nacional y en tan solo unos meses se aprobó.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1em 0px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Sin embargo aquí seguimos sin noticias de los daños por la <a href="http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/borrascas/2019-2020/estudios_e_impactos/gloria" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">borrasca Gloria</a>. Estamos en mayo, han pasado 15 meses desde que se hundiesen pabellones, granjas, almacenes, calles y olivos y hasta aquí aún no ha llegado ni un euro. <br />Lo han adelantado todo los ayuntamientos y las empresas afectadas. Los afectados confían en la palabra de la Ministra, del <a href="https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/presidente/biografia/Paginas/index.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Presidente del Gobierno</a> y del <a href="https://www.aragon.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ejecutivo autonómico</a> que dieron su palabra de que llegaría esa ayuda. Mientras tanto muchos afectados han tirado la toalla por el <b><a href="https://www.latiendadelapicultor.com/blog/como-hacerse-apicultor-tramites-legales-burocracia/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">enjambre de trámites burocráticos</a></b> que han tenido que hacer. ¡Qué diferencia con la celeridad que encontraron los del <b><a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search/label/embalse" target="_blank">embalse</a> </b>anteriormente citado! No se les dejó ni sentarse a hablar entre ellos y consensuar cómo, dónde o si les interesaba. Pero la decisión ya está tomada y no hay vuelta atrás.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1em 0px;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Pero de eso ya empezaremos a hablar el miércoles, que hoy el país entero estará pendiente del show de las <a href="https://elpais.com/espana/madrid/2021-05-04/el-mapa-de-los-resultados-de-las-elecciones-madrid-4-m-por-municipios-y-distritos.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">elecciones en Madrid</a>, especialmente del resultado que cosechen las listas encabezadas por dos candidatos a los que llamaremos «el <a href="https://www.abc.es/espana/abci-jefe-bukaneros-violento-servicios-seguridad-pablo-iglesias-202105022129_noticia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bukanero</a>» y «Pilar <a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/historiayvida/historia-contemporanea/20210105/6163446/miguel-primo-de-rivera-dictadura-guerra-marruecos-alfonso-xiii.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Primo de Rivera</a>».</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXJrww8ypOPe7mKk4N2zxssXWlKThuqwd-lyKOFrkMwCBjdFPxODyZLYwrYkkoUEpCTajXJorE6F7axN4dlrMoppNRuQHutBhYkXcChEZi38KHUV1gLFMmdVdlVOcKvrhjnA8IfZNdqYrw/s1600/moncho_DIGITAL-dic+012.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="Villaboñudos del Río, embalse, pantano" border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXJrww8ypOPe7mKk4N2zxssXWlKThuqwd-lyKOFrkMwCBjdFPxODyZLYwrYkkoUEpCTajXJorE6F7axN4dlrMoppNRuQHutBhYkXcChEZi38KHUV1gLFMmdVdlVOcKvrhjnA8IfZNdqYrw/w640-h480/moncho_DIGITAL-dic+012.jpg" title="Villaboñudos del Río, embalse, pantano" width="640" /></span></a></div>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44588 Beceite, Teruel, España40.8315669 0.181693612.521333063821153 -34.9745564 69.141800736178851 35.3379436tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-23413458901823754932021-03-24T15:27:00.002-07:002023-12-30T11:30:35.684-08:00José Antonio Carrégalo estire la garra.<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white;">Estire la garra</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><b>lo </b><u>folclorista</u><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><b>Carrégalo</b><span style="background-color: white;">, a</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><u><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/clix-mem-antig-num-39-ano-1471.html" target="_blank">Valls</a></u><span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /><a href="https://www.heraldo.es/tags/autores/luis_rajadel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Luis Rajadell</a>, (<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/03/luis-rajadell.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Luisico, catarro, de Valdarrores</a>)</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">El <b>escritor</b> y <u>folclorista</u> <b>José Antonio Carrégalo</b>, nacido en <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/09/18-de-febrero.html" target="_blank">Monroyo</a></b> hace 70 años, estiró la garra el pasado 20 de marzo, tras una larga enfermedad, el <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/02/catalanismo-mantenedores-separatismo-lerroux.html" target="_blank">catalanismo</a>, en <a href="http://www.hernandezrabal.com/espana/cataluna/tarragona/valls.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valls (Tarragona)</a>, donde residía habitualmente.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>Carrégalo</b> (<a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/artur-quintana-arturo-quintana.html" target="_blank">al ruc, carrégal</a>) fue autor de varios <b><a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com" target="_blank">libros</a> </b>sobre las <b>tradiciones </b>de su localidad natal, como ‘<b><a href="http://etno.patrimoniocultural.aragon.es/masias/situacionactual.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monroyo. El hábitat disperso</a></b>’, un meticuloso estudio sobre las numerosas <b>masías</b> del municipio, y ‘<a href="http://www.caminserret.com/cataleg/2363/mont-roig-el-patrimoni-inmaterial-la-literatura-oral" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mont-roig. El patrimoni inmaterial</a>’, un trabajo sobre la <b>literatura oral</b> editado por el <b><a href="https://www.ieturolenses.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Instituto de Estudios Turolenses</a></b> (IET).</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">También era un buen conocedor de la <b>cultura tradicional</b> de la <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">comarca del Matarraña</a>.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">También publicó <b>libros</b> de creación <b>literaria</b>, como el <b>poemario</b> ‘<u><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/03/jose-antonio-carregalo-sancho.html" target="_blank">A soca de orella</a></u>’ o el volumen de <b>relatos</b> ‘<u><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/03/jose-antonio-carregalo-sancho.html" target="_blank">Espurnes</a></u>’. Era, además, colaborador de distintos periódicos del <b>Bajo Aragón</b> y el <b>Matarraña</b> y uno de los principales animadores de la <a href="http://www.monroyo.es/asociaciones-y-juntas/asociacion-cultural-sucarrats/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">asociación cultural local Sucarrats de Monroyo</a>, así como de su revista ‘<b><a href="http://www.monroyo.es/wp-content/uploads/sites/85/2016/01/Planarasa41-web.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Plana Rasa</a></b>’.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b>José Antonio Carrégalo</b> mantuvo durante toda su vida una estrecha relación con su <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2018/09/todos-los-caminos-llevan-monroyo.html" target="_blank">localidad natal</a> a pesar de su traslado por motivos laborales a <u><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2021/03/30-de-noviembre-1461.html" target="_blank">Cataluña</a></u>. Profundo conocedor de las <b>tradiciones </b>y la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com" target="_blank">lengua locales</a>, colaboró en la recogida de <b>literatura oral</b> ‘<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/04/desideri-lombarte.html" target="_blank">Lo Molinar</a>’, una recopilación en tres volúmenes coeditada por la <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/07/associacio-catalanista-matarranya-ascuma-calaceite-teruel.html" target="_blank">Associació Catalanista del Matarranya</a> y el <a href="https://www.ieturolenses.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IET</a>. Un estrecho colaborador del que la ha cascau, el también <b>folclorista</b> e <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com" target="_blank">historiador</a></b> <u>catalanista</u> <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2018/12/fluixet-linguistica-canalla-les-dos-coses.html" target="_blank">Carlicos Sancho Meix</a></b>, resaltó que <b>Carrégalo</b> "era un excelente transmisor de <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/pedro-quesada-la-historia-no-perdona-mitos.html" target="_blank">historias y cuentos</a> y tenía una memoria privilegiada", casi tanta como <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/04/desideri-lombarte.html" target="_blank">la mula desmemoriada y vieja de Desiderio Lombarte Arrufat</a>. </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2019/07/associacio-catalanista-matarranya-ascuma-calaceite-teruel.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><img alt="Estire la garra lo folclorista Carrégalo, a Valls" border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="990" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj03uqOMGsszyOO9eNXTQOnzU_rvqw-IgE0D7c-rDse8mmv5NYCJ10Xzmhy8L8LFqZ93RDBf9J3G3YfAe9cRlngWXAqRSvf8vn74aMpsIpz8I-bA1afmZfmkf4cqkJQ1wHbYOvN1zqXxrE/w400-h300/carregalo.jpeg" title="Estire la garra lo folclorista Carrégalo, a Valls" width="400" /></span></a></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/teruel/2021/03/22/fallece-el-folclorista-jose-antonio-carregalo-experto-en-las-tradiciones-del-matarrana-1479565.html" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: white;" target="_blank">https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/teruel/2021/03/22/fallece-el-folclorista-jose-antonio-carregalo-experto-en-las-tradiciones-del-matarrana-1479565.html</a></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/fallece-jose-antonio-carregalo-folclorista-experto-tradiciones-matarrana/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.lacomarca.net/fallece-jose-antonio-carregalo-folclorista-experto-tradiciones-matarrana/</a><br /><br />Tus amigos <b><a href="http://www.lafranja.net/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">franchistas</a></b> no te olvidan:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.lafranja.net/?p=33945" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.lafranja.net/?p=33945</a></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://tempsdefranja.org/capsalera/ens-hem-quedat-sense-carregalo/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://tempsdefranja.org/capsalera/ens-hem-quedat-sense-carregalo/</a><br />(<b>mos</b> ham quedat, tontolabes)</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://xarxes.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://xarxes.wordpress.com/</a> (<b>lo franchista</b> <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/03/natxo-sorolla-ignacio-sorolla.html" target="_blank">Ignacio, Natxo, Sorolla Vidal</a>):<br />Per a mi <span style="font-weight: bold;">Carrégalo</span> és una excursió des d'<a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/05/aguaviva-aiguaviva.html" target="_blank">Aiguaviva</a>, un curs d'estiu de <b>literatura popular</b> a <u><a href="http://blog.ramonguimera.com/carlos-rallo-badet/" target="_blank">Calaceit</a></u>, los masos de ...</span></p>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44652 Monroyo, Teruel, España40.7874171 -0.033236512.477183263821154 -35.1894865 69.097650936178837 35.1230135tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-50388364976913773912020-11-22T13:25:00.000-08:002020-11-22T13:25:00.238-08:00Juan Cebrián, sínodo, Valderrobles<p><span style="font-family: verdana;">El Cancelario decimosexto de nuestra Universidad lo fue Fr. <b>Juan Cebrián</b>, natural del lugar de <b><a href="https://www.pasapues.es/aragonesasi/teruel/peralesdelalfambra/index.php" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Perales</a></b>, de la diócesis de Teruel; pertenecía a la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced, y fue Maestro en la misma desde el año de 1622 (1), <b>Obispo de Albarracín</b> desde el año de 1633, pasó a regir la <b>diócesis de Teruel</b> en 1635, y desde ésta a la de <b>Zaragoza</b> en 1644. Tuvo <b>Sínodo</b> en 5 de marzo de 1659, en la villa de <b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valderrobles</a>.</b> (<a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valderrobres</a>, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vall-de-roures</a>, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vall de Roures</a>) En su palacio arzobispal murió el año 1646 el príncipe Baltasar Carlos, hijo de Felipe IV, y nuestro Arzobispo condujo sus restos al Monasterio del Escorial. Fue del Consejo de Estado y Virrey de Aragón. Murió en <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Juslibol" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Juslibol</a></b> (<i><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Juslibol" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Deus lo vol</a></i>) el 2 de diciembre de 1662 y recibió cristiana sepultura en el Convento de Capuchinos de Zaragoza.<br /><br />Fuente: <br /><a href="https://universidad-zaragoza.blogspot.com/2020/11/capitulo-vii-cancelarios.html" target="_blank">https://universidad-zaragoza.blogspot.com/2020/11/capitulo-vii-cancelarios.html</a></span></p>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comCalle Buen Aire, S/N, 44580 Valderrobres, Teruel, España40.8760195 0.155052112.565785663821153 -35.0011979 69.186253336178851 35.3113021tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-39868870310511386692020-10-05T11:38:00.002-07:002023-08-20T06:28:33.074-07:00Jerónimo Zurita, Matarraña, Algas, Favara, Maella, Mazaleón, Valdetormo , etc<p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Jerónimo Zurita. <a href="https://ifc.dpz.es/publicaciones/ver/id/2448" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Anales de la Corona de Aragón</a>.<br /><br /></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">CAPÍTULO
XXV (libro ?)</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">De
la confederación que entre sí hicieron don Ramón Berenguer conde
de la Proenza y don Ramón conde de Tolosa y San Gil; y que el rey
por muerte del conde su primo sucedió en su estado y se intituló
marqués de la Proenza.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Conde
don Ramón, hijo de la hija del rey de Francia. El conde de la
Proenza don Ramón Berenguer dejando el gobierno destos reinos,
volvióse a la Proenza y concordó las diferencias que tenía con el
conde don Ramón de Tolosa, que también se llamaba conde de San Gil,
y se confederó con él contra todos sus enemigos <i>exceptando</i> el rey
Luis de Francia. Era hijo este conde don Ramón del conde don Alonso,
y casó con Constanza hija del rey Luis; y confederáronse ambos en
muy estrecha amistad; y el conde de Tolosa en la guerra que en este
tiempo traía el conde de la Proenza con Hugo de Baucio y con Beltrán
de Baucio su hermano, y con el conde de Rodes, le fue de allí
adelante aliado y valedor.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Condiciones
de la concordia de los condes. Y por el mes de octubre del año de
1165 se vieron en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Belcaire" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Belcaire</a> y se concertaron de partir entre sí con
ciertas condiciones el condado de <u>Folcalquer</u> y todo lo que de allí
adelante se adquiriese por el conde de Tolosa, exceptando el estado
que tenía el conde Delfín al tiempo de su muerte. Y tratóse de
casar una hija que el conde de la Proenza hubo de la emperatriz su
mujer con el hijo del conde de San Gil, y darle en dote la mitad del
condado de Folcalquer y de <u>Melgor</u> con la parte que pertenecía al
condado de Folcalquer en la ciudad de <a href="https://recherchesfrance.blogspot.com/2023/06/3-17-graces-expectatives-mandats-indults-apostolics-exactions-avignon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aviñón</a>. Intervinieron en esta
concordia don Hugo de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/08/hoc.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cervellón</a> arzobispo de Tarragona, don Pedro
obispo de <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/2022/08/carta-lxi-viaje-s-juan-de-las-abadesas.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ossona</a> y don Guillén obispo de Girona. Pero vivió poco
tiempo después deste concierto el conde de la Proenza.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Guillén
<a href="https://gw.geneanet.org/pepeme?lang=es&n=podiolo+de+despujol&oc=0&p=pere+de" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Despugnolo </a>catalán, con otros, muerto por los moros en Murcia. En
este mismo año, parece en memorias antiguas que fue muerto un
capitán principal catalán y muchos caballeros con él, por los
moros en una entrada que hicieron por el reino de Murcia; y llamábase
Guillén Despugnolo. Y fue la batalla a quince del mes de octubre.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Muerte
del conde de la Proenza sin hijos en una batalla que tuvo en Niza. El
de Aragón, de parecer de los suyos, se intitula marqués de Proenza.
Murió el conde de la Proenza año de 1166 saliendo herido -según
escribe el autor antiguo de las cosas de Aragón- de una batalla que
tuvo con los de Niza. Y no dejando hijos varones, hallándose el rey
este mismo año en Girona, de consejo de don Pedro obispo de Zaragoza
y de don Guillén <u>Tarroja</u> obispo de Barcelona, y de don Martín
obispo de Tarazona y de los ricos hombres que eran don Artal Mir
conde de Pallás señor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/05/detalle-batalla-fraga-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fraga </a>y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/amor-nueva-religion-ricla-calila-guzman.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ricla</a>, Blasco Maza señor de
Borja, Fortún Aznárez de Tarazona, Marco Ferriz de Lizana, Sancho
Iñigo de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/05/la-reconquista-de-daroca.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Daroca</a>, Pedro de Castellezuelo señor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/05/reconquista-maluenda-siglo-xii.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calatayud</a>, Pedro
Ortiz señor de <a href="https://www.fuentesdeebro.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fuentes</a>, Ortí Ortiz señor de <a href="https://pinadeebro.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pina</a>, Galín Jiménez
de Belchit, Jimeno de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/luchas-luna-urrea-almunia-dona-godina-almonacid.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Urrea</a>, Pelegrín de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xiii-perg-72-alfonso-i-nov-1169.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Castellezuelo</a>, tomó luego
título de marqués de la Proenza, según lo hizo el príncipe de
Aragón su padre muerto don Berenguer Ramón su hermano, por razón
de la concesión y feudo que el emperador Federico había otorgado:
por la cual le competía la sucesión.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Va
el de Aragón a <a href="https://langueoccitane.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Proenza</a> y se le entrega <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/07/capitulo-xxxiv-reyes-godos-nacion-amalarico-san-justo-obispo-urgel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arlés</a>. El conde de Tolosa
pretende apoderarse de la Proenza contra el de Aragón. Y fue a la
Proenza. Y según en algunas memorias antiguas parece, estando en la
ciudad de Arlés a diez y siete del mes de agosto de 1167 Hualgerio
de Millars le entregó el castillo y fuerza de Millars y le hizo por
ella <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vii-perg-40-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">homenaje</a>, y otros barones de la Proenza. Pero el conde don Ramón
de Tolosa y de San Gil pretendió apoderarse del condado de la
Proenza y de los otros estados que fueron del conde don Ramón
Berenguer; y procuró que el matrimonio de la hija del conde se
efectuase con su hijo, lo cual el rey le ofrecía, y aun trató de
casarse con la emperatriz doña Rica. Y el rey le entretenía con
maña hasta haberse apoderado de la Proenza. Y hubo entre ellos por
esta causa grande guerra.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://books.google.de/books?id=_90CAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Trencavello+vizconde+de+Bes%C3%A9s&source=bl&ots=462ZbYdpN6&sig=ACfU3U0LtBZ0zIYvFQNyI097tVbv2G5r8w&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiis8i8qeuAAxUxgP0HHeBqA2cQ6AF6BAgPEAM" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Trencavello vizconde de Besés</a> muerto a traición; y dáse el estado a Roger. En
el año de 1167, Trencavello vizconde de Besés fue muerto a traición
por los suyos estando en la iglesia de Santa Magdalena. Tenía por el
príncipe de Aragón la ciudad de Carcasona con las villas y tierras
que llamaban el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/coronacion-pedro-ii-roma-papa-inocencio-iii.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carcasés</a>, en feudo. Y fue después concedido a Roger
vizconde de Besés de la misma manera que Trencavello le tuvo por el
príncipe de Aragón y por el rey don Alonso, que había heredado
aquel señorío por muerte del infante don Pedro su hermano a quien
el príncipe le había dejado -como dicho es- con el condado de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/tomo-ii-continuacion-i.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cerdania</a> y el derecho de la ciudad de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/04/sitio-barbastro-1064.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Narbona</a>. Aunque en todo esto
por muerte de don Pedro según la disposición del príncipe había
de suceder don Sancho su hijo. Y después se le dio el condado de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/pedro-iii-desafio-dragon-canigo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rosellón</a> por el rey don Pedro su sobrino.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Confirma
el rey todos los privilegios que estaban hechos a las <a href="https://viaje-literario-iglesias-espana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">iglesias</a> y
ricos hombres. Vuelto el rey a Zaragoza, residió en ella algún
tiempo por algunos tratos y conciertos que con don Alonso rey de
Castilla y con sus tutores se traían, para que estos príncipes
estuviesen en mayor paz y conformidad y se confirmase por ellos la
concordia que por el príncipe don Ramón se había tomado con el
emperador don Alonso, reparándose el perjuicio que a sus sucesores
se había hecho en el asiento firmado con el rey don Sancho en
Najama; por el cual el rey de Aragón no quería pasar pues en lo que
se conquistó de los infieles por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxviii-perg-96-21-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">emperador don Alonso</a>, no se
debía hacer reconocimiento a príncipe alguno del mundo siendo de su
conquista. Entonces por el mes de junio confirmó todos los
privilegios y concesiones que sus predecesores habían hecho a la
Iglesia y a los ricos hombres y a las ciudades y villas del reino,
estando presentes los obispos de Zaragoza, </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Huesca,
Tarazona y Lérida, el conde de Pallás, Blasco Romeu mayordomo,
Galín Jiménez de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lx-perg-220-septiembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Belchit</a>, Jimeno de Urrea señor en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/01/epila-angel-valero-algora-conde-monte-negron.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Epila</a>, Pedro
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/02/l-perg-2205-jaime-i-3-octubre-1274.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ortiz</a> en Fuentes y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/05/cabra-oro-inalcanzable-tierga.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aranda</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/tomo-i-texto-v-rex-martinus-dalmacio-biert.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Artal en Alagón</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/alma-castillo-gallur-serna-mora-artal-alagon-palacin-blasco-maza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Blasco Maza </a>en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/04/defensa-cristiana-borja-zaragoza.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Borja</a>,
Fortún <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/garcia-aznarez-trae-aragon-restos-san-indalecio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aznárez</a> en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/agua-tarazona-sebastian-justina.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tarazona</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/x-perg-20-alfonso-i-11-nov-1164.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arpa</a> en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/04/conde-don-julian-prisionero-muerto-loarre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Loharre</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xiii-perg-72-alfonso-i-nov-1169.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pelegrín de Castellezuelo</a> en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/04/sitio-barbastro-1064.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barbastro </a>y en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/04/la-reconquista-de-alquezar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alquézar</a>, Fortuño de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/tomo-i-texto-x-rey-martin-carta-conde-urgel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Estada</a> en
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/06/muerte-sancho-ramirez-saeta-flecha-huesca.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Estadilla</a>, Gombal de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/x-perg-20-alfonso-i-11-nov-1164.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Benavente</a> en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Biel</a>, Lope Ferrench en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/nombramiento-primer-conde-luna-lope.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Luna</a>, Pedro
López en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/06/mora-solitaria-pastor-luesia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Luesia</a>, Jimeno de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xxxi-perg-683-o-685-alfonso-i-julio-1191-portum-salou.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Artusella</a> alférez del rey, Sancho <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxiii-perg-121-diciembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Garcez</a> de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/07/capitulo-lv-guerau-cabrera-conde-urgel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Santa Olalla</a> justicia en Zaragoza y en Huesca.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">[guerra
a las moros.] Las órdenes del Hospital y Calatrava sirven a esta
guerra. Don Pelay Pérez maestre de Santiago estuvo en esta guerra.
Por este tiempo se hacía muy gran guerra a los moros que estaban en
la región de los <b>edetanos</b> en los castillos y fuerzas que
tenían en las riberas del río de <b>Algas </b><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">(Algás,
Algars)</span></i>. Y se ganaron los lugares de <b>Favara</b>,
<u><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/07/revuelta-campesina-maella-siglo-xiv.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maella</a></u>, <b>Mazaleón</b> <i>(Massalió)</i> y <u>Valdetormo</u><span style="text-decoration: none;">
(</span><i><span style="text-decoration: none;">La Vall, Valdeltormo, Vall del
Tormo</span></i><span style="text-decoration: none;">)</span>, <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">la Fresneda</a></b>, <u>Valderobres</u><span style="text-decoration: none;">
(<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Valderrobres" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valderrobres</a>, Vall de roures, Valderrobles)</span>, <b><a href="https://beseit-beceite.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beceit</a>
</b><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">(<a href="https://beceite.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beceite</a>, <a href="https://beseit-beceite.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beseit</a>)</span></i>,
<u><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=R%C3%A1fels" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rafals</a> </u>(Ráfels, Ràfels, Ráfales), <b>Monroy</b> (<i>Monroyo, Monte Rubeo, Monroig, Monroch, Montroig, Mont-Roig</i>) y <u>Penaroja</u><span style="text-decoration: none;">
(</span><i><span style="text-decoration: none;">Pinna Rubea, Peñarroya
de Tastavins, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Sorolla+Amela" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pena-Roja</a>, Penarroja, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Penarroija" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Penarroija</a></span></i><span style="text-decoration: none;">)</span>,
que están en las riberas de <b>Matarraña</b>. Y se ganó Caspe,
lugar muy principal junto a las riberas de Ebro. Y de allí se
continuó la guerra por las riberas de <b>Guadalob</b> y del río de
Calanda; y se puso la principal frontera en Alcañiz, lugar muy
principal que por esta razón le llamaron <b>la frontera</b>. Y se
ganaron <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/05/resistencia-mozarabes-calanda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calanda</a>, <b>Aguaviva</b>, Castellot, <b>Las Cuevas</b>, y se
fueron apoderando de los lugares fuertes de la sierra hasta
Cantavieja y el Val de Ejarque que está en los confines de los
edetanos e <a href="https://www.altavins.com/es/producto/ilercavonia/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ilergaones</a>.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Fue
el rey muy servido en esta guerra de los caballeros de las órdenes
del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/01/manera-scriure-letres-diverses-persones.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Espital</a> y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/05/reconquista-alcaniz-siglo-xii.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calatrava</a>, y dióseles buena parte de lo que
conquistaron; y pasaron a hacer guerra en los lugares de aquellas
comarcas y contra los castillos de las riberas del río de Martín y
Alfambra. Y vino a esta guerra don Pelay Pérez maestre de la
caballería de Santiago; y estuvo en Montalbán en frontera contra
los moros. Esto fue en el año de 1169; y era<a href="http://www.historiadeanna.com/montalban.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> comendador de Montalbán</a>
don Pedro Fernández.</span></p><br /><p></p>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44588 Beceite, Teruel, España40.8315669 0.181693612.521333063821153 -34.9745564 69.141800736178851 35.3379436tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-48829133037007420342020-10-01T02:35:00.003-07:002020-10-01T02:35:46.658-07:00Monroig, Montroig, Morella, Alcaniç, <p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Als molt
reverend egregis </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">magnifichs</b><span style="font-family: verdana;"> e molt savis senyors </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">los
diputats del Principat de Cathalunya</b><span style="font-family: verdana;"> e consell en virtut de la
comissio de la cort </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">elet</b><span style="font-family: verdana;"> e assignat </span><u style="font-family: verdana;">en</u><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Barchinona</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">. </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Molt reverend egregis <b>magnifichs</b> e molt savis senyors. Per
dues <b>letres</b> <u>la una</u> de XI <u>laltra</u> de Xlll del
present vos havem <b>scrit</b> sobre <b>los cent homens</b> <u>quens</u>
haveu <b>demanats</b> vos trametessem com <b>volen</b> saber <b>lo</b>
sou <b>quels</b> sera donat e <b>pera</b> quin temps e <b>quels sia</b>
bestreta <b>aci</b> alguna quantitat <b>supplicantvos</b> de les
dites coses <b>nos</b> volguesseu certificar <b>quels</b> dits <b>homens</b>
serien a punt e fins <b>aci</b> no havem cobrada resposta de que <b>stam</b>
<u>marevellats</u> <b>car</b> aquesta ciutat ha bona voluntat en
donar compliment en totes coses que per vosaltres seran <b>deliberades</b>
e no <b>stara</b> per nosaltres de trametre <b>los</b> dits cent
<b>homens</b> be a punt armats segons <b>nos</b> haveu <b>scrit</b>
solament <b>siam</b> informats de vostra intencio sobre les coses
<u>dessus</u> dites. Perque mossenyors placiaus <b>rescriurens</b>
prest de aquelles e <b>provehir</b> que <b>aci</b> <u>sia</u>
bestreta alguna quantitat als que <b>hiran</b> e seran tramesos aqui
<b>los</b> dits cent <b>homens</b> molt prestament <b>axi</b> com
haveu <b>scrit</b>. <u>Certificantvos</u> com per home <span style="font-weight: normal;">propri</span>
que per aquesta causa havem trames som informats certament com <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Juan+II" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo Senyor Rey</a></b> <u>lo</u> divendres <b>prop passat</b> <u>parti</u> de
<b><a href="https://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/2019/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alcaniç</a></b> (<i><a href="https://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/2019/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alcañiz</a>, <a href="https://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/2019/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alkanis</a>, Alcanis, <a href="https://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/2019/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alcanyís</a>, <a href="https://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/2019/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alqanis</a></i>) <u>ab</u>
<b>lo</b> Senyor Princep e <b>ab</b> mossen de <b>Beamunt</b> e vinga
a dormir a <b>Monroig</b> e <b>lo</b> dissapte <u>apres</u> <b>hoyda</b>
missa parti de <b>Monroig</b> (<i>Monroyo, Teruel, Matarraña, Mont
Roig, Mont-Roig, Monroch, Monte Rubeo</i>) e <b>feu</b> (<i>verbo
hacer, hizo; va fer, va fé</i>) la via de <b>Morella</b> <u>ab</u>
<b>los</b> <u>dessus</u> dits e <b>lo</b> dit home <b>hoy</b> (<i>verbo
oír, oyó; va sentí, escoltá</i>) dir al dit Senyor <b>Rey</b> com
<b>lo diluns</b> que sera dema partira de Morella e fara la via
<b>Darago</b>. De la Senyora <b>Reyna</b> <u>crehem</u> que haura
<b>lexat</b> <u>lo</u> dit Senyor Princep en <b>lo</b> castell de
Morella perque <b>ne</b> avisam vostres reverencies. <br />E <b>pus</b>
no <b>dihem</b> per la present sino que la <b>Sancta</b> Trinitat <b>sia</b>
continuament en vostra proteccio e guarda. <b>Scrita en</b> <a href="https://www.amazon.es/C%C3%93DICES-CATEDRAL-TORTOSA-RAMON-OCALLAGHAN-ebook/dp/B085R7TFW8" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tortosa</a> a
XV de febrer del any Mil CCCC sexanta <b>hu</b>. <br />- A tota vostra
ordinacio molt prests <a href="https://www.amazon.es/C%C3%93DICES-CATEDRAL-TORTOSA-RAMON-OCALLAGHAN-ebook/dp/B085R7TFW8" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>los</b> procuradors de Tortosa</a>.
</span></p>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44652 Monroyo, Teruel, España40.7874171 -0.033236512.477183263821154 -35.1894865 69.097650936178837 35.1230135tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-44249060445071350842020-08-15T10:00:00.003-07:002020-08-15T10:02:01.259-07:00HOC<p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Tos fico aquí un texto aon Martín I de Aragó parláe en <b><a href="chapurriau.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chapurriau</a></b> antic, <a href="langueoccitane.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo occitan</a>.<br /> <br /><span>Extracto de</span><span> </span><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/07/tomo-x-coleccion-tomo-ii-de-la-historia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Diego Monfar y sors, condes de Urgel</a><span>:</span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH9SyAsdYV5aQ-WyZUaKA4jV3vvRETaK0FnQvb0c3_-iMPsmSwI3RIv1ramx5LU8o7ysR4KAwk9kgu8bIHzmi-GyUz65qUDdB6uTYIIknjQ_SfcecUlZikSeEnAQniC61b2aKA-Ce5m64/s543/Mart%25C3%25ADn_I_el_Humano%252C_rey_de_Arag%25C3%25B3n_%2528Diputaci%25C3%25B3n_Provincial_de_Zaragoza%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt="Retrato imaginario de Martín I de Aragón, de Manuel Aguirre y Monsalbe. Ca. 1851-1854. (Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza)." border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH9SyAsdYV5aQ-WyZUaKA4jV3vvRETaK0FnQvb0c3_-iMPsmSwI3RIv1ramx5LU8o7ysR4KAwk9kgu8bIHzmi-GyUz65qUDdB6uTYIIknjQ_SfcecUlZikSeEnAQniC61b2aKA-Ce5m64/d/Mart%25C3%25ADn_I_el_Humano%252C_rey_de_Arag%25C3%25B3n_%2528Diputaci%25C3%25B3n_Provincial_de_Zaragoza%2529.jpg" title="Retrato imaginario de Martín I de Aragón, de Manuel Aguirre y Monsalbe. Ca. 1851-1854. (Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza)." /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Entonces pareció a la corte y a los concelleres de Barcelona, por quitar todos escrúpulos y dificultades, que en presencia de escribano y de los mismos testigos del día antes, le fuesen a visitar y preguntasen si quería que sus reinos fuesen de aquel a quien por justicia pertenecían, y si quería que de la respuesta que él daría se hiciese auto, y él dijo que <b>sí </b><i><span>(HOC)</span></i>; y luego <u>Pedro de Comes</u>, (<i><a href="ramonguimeralorente.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramón</a>, Raymundum de Cumbis</i>) su <b>protonotario</b>, se lo volvió a decir, y el rey le respondió <b>lo mismo</b>; y de todo esto, que pasó el <u>sábado</u> siguiente, a las tres de la tarde, se hizo auto auténtico, cuyo traslado es el que se sigue: <br /><br />Hoc est translatum fideliter sumptum a nota cujusdam instrumenti inferius inserti quod fuit per me <b>Raymundum de Cumbis</b> olim <b>protonotarium</b> et <b>notarium</b> subscriptum receptum die et anno in eo contentis scripta et continuata in protocollo sive capibrevio notularum mei dicti notarii et in fine cujus note major pars testium qui ad confectionem dicti instrumenti presentes fuerunt se eorum manibuas subscripserunt cujus tenor talis est.<br />- Pateat universis quod <u>die veneris</u> que computabatur <u>XXX madii</u> anno a nativitate Domini <b>MCCCCX</b> circa <u>undecimam horam noctis</u> dicti diei existente coram serenissimo domino domino <b>Martino Dei gratia rege Aragonum Sicilie Majoricarum Sardinie et Corsice comite Barchinone duce Athenarum et Neopatrie</b> ac etiam <b>comite Rossilionis et Ceritanie</b> <u>Ferrario de Gualbis</u> <b>conciliario</b> hoc anno ac cive <b>Barchinone</b> ad subscripta ut dixit per <b>curiam generalem</b> quam dictus dominus rex de presenti <b>catalanis</b> celebrat in civitate predicta simul cum aliis de dicta <b>curia</b> <i>ibidem</i> cum eo presentibus electo in presentia mei <b>Raymundi de Cumbis</b> <u>protonotarii</u> dicti domini regis et notarii subscripti ac <br />testium subscriptorum dixit coram dicto domino rege existente infirmo in suo tamen sensu cum loquela in quadam camera <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasterio_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Valldonzella" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>monasterii Vallis Domicelle</b> vocata <b>de la Abadesa</b></a> hec <b>verba</b> vel similia in effectu: Senyor nosaltres <b>elets</b> per la <b>cort de Catalunya</b> som <b>assi</b> devant la vostra <b>Magestat</b> <u>humilment suplicantvos</u> <b>queus</b> placia fer dues coses les quals son <b>e</b> redunden en <b>sobirana</b> utilitat de la <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=reipublice" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cosa publica</a></b> de tots vostres regnes e terres: la primera <u>quels</u> <b>vullats</b> exortar de haver entre si amor pau e concordia per <b>ç</b><b>o</b> que <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Deus" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Deus</a></b> <u>los</u> <b>vulla</b> en tot be conservar: la segona <b>queus</b> placia de present manar en tots <b>los</b> dits regnes e terres vostres que per tots <b>lus</b> poders e forces <b>fassen</b> per tal forma e manera que la <b>successio</b> dels dits vostres regnes e terres <b>apres</b> <u>obte</u> vostre <b>pervinga</b> a aquell que per justicia <i>deurá</i> pervenir <i>como</i> <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=asso" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">asso</a></b> <u>sia</u> molt plasent á Deu e sobiranament profitos á tota la cosa publica *e molt honorable e pertinent a vostra real dignitat. Et hiis dictis <br />dictus Ferrarius de Gualbis repetens verba per eum jam prolata dixit hec verba vel similia in effectu: Senyor <b>plauvos</b> que la succesio dels dits vostres regnes e terres <b>apres</b> <u>obte</u> vostre pervinga á aquell que per justicia deura pervenir? et dictus dominus rex tunc respondens dixit: <b>Hoc</b>; de quibus omnibus petiit et requisivit dictus Ferrarius publicum fieri instrumentum per me protonotarium et notarium supradictum. Que fuerunt acta die hora <br />loco et anno predictis presente me dicto protonotario et notario *ac pro testibus reverendo in Christo patre <u>Ludovico episcopo Majoricensi</u> nobilibus <u>Geraldo Alemanni de Cervilione</u> gubernatore Catalonie <u>Rogerio de Monte Cateno</u> gubernatore <u>regni Majoricarum</u> camarlengis <u>Petro de Cervilione</u> majordomo <u>Raymundo de Santo Minato</u> camarerio militibus <u>Francisco de Aranda</u> donato Porte-Coeli consiliariis dicti domini regis et <u>Ludovico Aguilo</u> domicello ac nobili <u>Raymundo de Monte-Cateno</u> coperio jam dicti domini regis. Postea die sabbati XXXI madii anno predicto circa horam tertie dicti diei <u>Ferrarius de Gualbes</u> predictus constitutus personaliter ante presentiam dicti domini regis in camera supradicta simul videlicet cum aliis de dicta curia cum eo electis reducens ad memoriam dicto domino regi verba per eum jam supra eidem domino regi prolata dixit presente me protonotario et notario ac testibus supradictis hec verba vel similia in effecti: Senyor: plauvos que la successio de vostres regnes e terres apres obte vostre pervinga a aquell que per justicia deura pervenir e <b>quen sia</b> feta una carta publica? et dictus dominus rex <br />respondens, dixit: <b>Hoc</b>; et ego etiam dictus <b>protonotarius</b> et notarius interrogavi dictum dominum regem dicens ei hec verba: Plauvos <b>donchs</b> senyor que la successio de vostres regnes e terres apres obte vostre pervinga a aquell que per justicia deura pervenir e quen sia feta carta publica? qui quidem dominus rex respondens, dixit: <b><a href="langueoccitane.blogspot.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hoc</a></b>; de quibus omnibus dictus Ferrarius presentibus aliis de curia supradicta cum eo electis petiit et requisivit <br />publicum fieri instrumentum per me <b>protonotarium</b> et notarium supradictum. Que fuerunt acta die loco hora et anno predictis presente me dicto protonotario et notario ac testibus supradictis. <br />- <b>Yo</b> <u>Guillem Ramon de Moncada</u> qui <b>fui</b> present a les dites coses <b>me</b> <u>sotscriu</u>. <br />- <span>Yo</span> <u>Guerau Alemany de Cervelló</u> qui fui present a les dites coses me sotscriu. <br />- Yo <u>Pere de Cervelló</u> qui present <u>hi fui</u> sotscriu.<br />- Yo <u>Luis Aguiló</u> qui present hi fui me sotscriu.<br />- <u>Francesch Daranda</u> qui present hi fui me sotscriu. <br />Sig+num <u>Bernardi Mathei</u> auctoritate regis notarii publici Barchinone testis. (Continuará en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/07/tomo-x-coleccion-tomo-ii-de-la-historia.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">historia aragón blogspot</a>)</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXtd0jUzXyZbTOFjIPcx9LtTzUWguxlaDfX3-C3U3_RAC2IBqlfOL9Ue7U9YVZVvQbAKjTrSbwr2o5ftw-A5j4_CagXkmsZwXszps0Gye0L0TjwzhR71KNYOEMlt0JSBXrL3pAyIUJZY/s1140/Mart%25C3%25ADn_I_de_Arag%25C3%25B3n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt="Senyor: plauvos que la successio de vostres regnes e terres apres obte vostre pervinga a aquell que per justicia deura pervenir e quen sia feta una carta publica? et dictus dominus rex respondens, dixit: Hoc;" border="0" data-original-height="1140" data-original-width="835" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXtd0jUzXyZbTOFjIPcx9LtTzUWguxlaDfX3-C3U3_RAC2IBqlfOL9Ue7U9YVZVvQbAKjTrSbwr2o5ftw-A5j4_CagXkmsZwXszps0Gye0L0TjwzhR71KNYOEMlt0JSBXrL3pAyIUJZY/w469-h640/Mart%25C3%25ADn_I_de_Arag%25C3%25B3n.jpg" title="Senyor: plauvos que la successio de vostres regnes e terres apres obte vostre pervinga a aquell que per justicia deura pervenir e quen sia feta una carta publica? et dictus dominus rex respondens, dixit: Hoc;" width="469" /></span></a></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><br /></p>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-28464528558418757382020-03-17T11:31:00.004-07:002020-08-22T04:35:49.413-07:00Matarranam , Batea, Algars<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xxiii-reg-2-fol-4345-30-oct-1181-batea-algars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIII</a>. </span><br />
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<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""><span><br />Reg. n. 2, fól. 43, 45 ? <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xxiii-reg-2-fol-4345-30-oct-1181-batea-algars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">30 oct. 1181</a>.<br /><br />In Dei nomine et ejus divina clemencia ego </span><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xxiii-reg-2-fol-4345-30-oct-1181-batea-algars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span><b>lldefonsus</b></span><span> Dei gratia </span><span><b>rex Aragonis</b></span></a><span> <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xxiii-reg-2-fol-4345-30-oct-1181-batea-algars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">comes Barchinone</a> et <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/03/xxiii-reg-2-fol-4345-30-oct-1181-batea-algars.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">marchio Provincie</a> facio hanc </span><span><b>cartam donacionis et populacionis</b></span><span>. Placuit michi bono animo et spontanea voluntate quod dono laudo atque imperpetuum concedo vobis omnibus populatoribus de </span><span><b><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Ribera+de+l'Algars,+43786,+Tarragona,+Espa%C3%B1a/@41.0587899,0.1762277,11z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x12a0c7915b8d11af:0xbfeadd4959fba7ac!2s43786+Batea,+Tarragona,+Espa%C3%B1a!3b1!8m2!3d41.0937776!4d0.3119154!3m4!1s0x12a0b9fdfb78b51f:0x7db464630ee9dd6e!8m2!3d41.1147321!4d0.2291679" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rivo de Algars</a></b></span><span> et de </span><span><b>Batea</b></span><span> presentibus atque futuris ad populandum et meliorandum </span><span><b>castra</b></span><span> et </span><span><b>villas</b></span><span> de </span><span><b><a href="http://matarranyaturismo.es/turisme-familiar/llocs-per-banyar-se/riu-algars/?lang=ca" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rivo de Algars</a></b></span><span> et de </span><span><b><a href="http://www.batea.altanet.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Batea</a></b></span><span> et omnes </span><span><b>terminos</b></span><span> eorum scilicet usque ad </span><span><b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Nonasp" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Nonasp</a></b></span><span> et deinde sicut vadit et ferit in </span><span><b>serram</b></span><span> in </span><span><b>Aull</b></span><span> de </span><span><b>Favara</b></span><span> et deinde usque ad </span><span><u><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=podium" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">podium</a></u></span><span> de </span><span><b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Calaceite" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calcent</a></b></span><span> (</span><span><i><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Calaceite" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calaceite</a>, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Calaceite" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calaceit</a>, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Calaceite" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Kalat zeyd</a>, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Calaceite" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calaseit</a>, etc.</i></span><span>) et ferit ad </span><span><b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Cretas" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cretes</a></b></span><span> (</span><span><i><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Cretas" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cretas</a>, <a href="http://lopapaparlechapurriau.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Queretes</a></i></span><span>) et vadit ad </span><span><b>Vilar de Arenis</b></span><span> (</span><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/arens-de-lledo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Areñs - </a></span><span face=""><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/arens-de-lledo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arenys de Lledó</a> o <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Arnes" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arnes</a>?) et vadit ad </span><span face=""><b><a href="http://terra-alta.org/gandesa/?lang=es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gandeam</a></b></span><span face=""> </span><span face=""><i>(<a href="http://www.hernandezrabal.com/espana/cataluna/tarragona/gandesa.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gandesa</a>)</i></span><span face=""> et sicut aque vertuntur intus versum predictum </span><span face=""><b>castrum</b></span><span face=""> de </span><span face=""><b>Algars</b></span><span face=""> et sicut vadit usque ad </span><span face=""><b>serram de <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Azcon" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Azcon</a></b></span><span face=""> (</span><span face=""><i><a href="https://www.asco.cat/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ascó</a></i></span><span face="">) et deinde usque ad </span><span face=""><i><u><b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matarranam</a> (<a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matarranya</a>, <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matarraña</a>)</b></u></i></span><span face=""><b>.</b></span><span face=""> Quantum infra hos predictos </span><span face=""><b>terminos</b></span><span face=""> includitur et terminatur dono utque imperpetuum concedo vobis et omni generationi et posteritati vestre </span><span face=""><b>franchum</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><b>liberum</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><b>ingenuum</b></span><span face=""> ad vestram propriam hereditatem per facere inde omnes vestras voluntates ad </span><span face=""><b>fuerum</b></span><span face=""> </span><span face=""><b>Cesarauguste.</b></span><span face=""> Supradicta </span><span face=""><b>castra</b></span><span face=""> cum suis </span><span face=""><b>terminis</b></span><span face=""> heremis et populatis cum </span><span face=""><u>introitibus</u></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><u>exitibus</u></span><span face=""> suis cum </span><span face=""><b>aquis</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><b>pascuis</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><b>pratis</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><b>lignis</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><b>silvis</b></span><span face=""> et cum omnibus directis et pertinenciis suis que ad usum hominis pertinent vel pertinere debent totum ex integrum dono et concedo vobis et vestris. Et dono vobis ut habeatis </span><span face=""><b>fueros</b></span><span face=""> et </span><span face=""><u>judicios</u></span><span face=""> </span><span face=""><b>Cesarauguste</b></span><span face=""> per secula cuncta salva mea fidelitate et de tota mea posteritate. Insuper dono laudo et concedo </span><span face=""><b>Berengario de Parietibus </b></span><span face=""><u>notario</u></span><span face=""> meo </span><span face=""><b>ecclesias</b></span><span face=""> que ibi fuerint facte omnibus diebus vite sue salvo </span><span face=""><i>juro</i></span><span face=""> </span><span face=""><b>Dertusensis</b></span><span face=""> </span><span face=""><u>episcopi.</u></span><span face=""> Iterum dono vobis predictis </span><span face=""><u>populatoribus</u></span><span face=""> ut non donetis </span><span face=""><b>lezdam</b></span><span face=""> nec </span><span face=""><b>pedaticum</b></span><span face=""> in totam meam </span><span face=""><b>terram</b></span><span face=""> nec in </span><span face=""><b>aqua.</b></span><span face=""> Facta carta apud </span><span face=""><b>Ilerdam</b></span><span face=""> III kalendas novembris anno Domini </span><span face=""><b>MCLXXXI.</b></span><span face=""> - Signum + Ildefonsi Dei gratia regis Aragonis comitis Barchinone et marchionis Provincie. - Sig+num Arnaldi de Eril. - Sig+num Berengarii de </span><span face=""><b>Sanaugii.</b></span><span face=""> - Sig+num Poncii de </span><span face=""><b>Cervaria.</b></span><span face=""> - Sig+num </span><span face=""><b>Artall de Alagon</b></span><span face="">. - Sig+num </span><span face=""><b>Enego de Aveu</b></span><span face="">. - Sig+num Berengarii de Parietibus notarii domini regis qui hanc cartam ejus mandato scripsit cum lineis suprapositis in linea tertia.</span></span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;">Del <abbr style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: help;" title="árabe hispánico">ár. hisp.</abbr> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">*baṭíḥa,</em> y este del <abbr style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: help;" title="árabe clásico">ár. clás.</abbr> <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">baṭīḥah</em> 'lugar llano'.</span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">1. </span><abbr class="d" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0070c0; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> <mark data-id="3qghkEn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">Artesa</mark>, <mark data-id="J407Lzq" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">generalmente</mark> <mark data-id="VZdF7p7" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">redonda</mark>, <mark data-id="UkbUarn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">que</mark> <mark data-id="XhmNpPs" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">sirve</mark> <mark data-id="Rp1CuT2|RsVKhBv|RwYmdsn|RxSczPr" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">para</mark> <mark data-id="N18qWGb" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">lavar</mark> <mark data-id="c8HoARq|c8HrfrV|c8IFPyp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">y</mark> <mark data-id="RLQQxGn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">otros</mark> <mark data-id="bBV63BI" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">usos</mark>.</span></div>
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<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">2. </span><abbr class="g" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> <mark data-id="TM8xJHL" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">Plataforma</mark> <mark data-id="BtDkacL|BtFYznp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">de</mark> <mark data-id="NpSqhWO" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">madera</mark> <mark data-id="UkbUarn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">que</mark> <mark data-id="XNTSeAe|XNVjCmd" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">se</mark> <mark data-id="9p46KCK" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">coloca</mark> <mark data-id="EuPaWdO" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">en</mark> <mark data-id="ESraxkH" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">el</mark> <mark data-id="OLDn0QL" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">mar</mark> <mark data-id="Rp1CuT2|RsVKhBv|RwYmdsn|RxSczPr" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">para</mark> <mark data-id="ESraxkH|MiZ5vEt|NWnohQu" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">la</mark> <mark data-id="BFyuWxK|BFmdoU8|BH2HM3l" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">cría</mark> <mark data-id="QlqTEX0|Qlr66uc|Qltkqeu" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">o </mark><mark data-id="Beoktf0|Bep4tnp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">cultivo</mark> <mark data-id="BtDkacL|BtFYznp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">de</mark> <mark data-id="OnbqP7m" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">mejillones</mark> <mark data-id="c8HoARq|c8HrfrV|c8IFPyp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">y</mark> <mark data-id="RLQQxGn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">otros</mark> <mark data-id="PbZusIp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">moluscos</mark>.</span></div>
<div class="j" id="2Fw3bTX" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.26px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">3. </span><abbr class="g" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> <mark data-id="4wy9fAm" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">Bandeja</mark> <mark data-id="QlqTEX0|Qlr66uc|Qltkqeu" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">o</mark> <mark data-id="4dGoa81" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">azafate</mark>, <mark data-id="QcWzHmw" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">normalmente</mark> <mark data-id="BtDkacL|BtFYznp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">de</mark> <mark data-id="NpSqhWO" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">madera</mark> <mark data-id="QlqTEX0|Qlr66uc|Qltkqeu" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">o</mark> <mark data-id="A5cH5M4" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">con</mark> <mark data-id="RTGhL0f" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">pajas</mark> <mark data-id="XaoEW7y|Xatr9sn|Xb0KxJy" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">sentadas </mark><mark data-id="Y5fMg13|Y5lVqnD|Y5lmhPd" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">sobre</mark> <mark data-id="ESraxkH|MiZ5vEt|NWnohQu" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">la</mark> <mark data-id="NpSqhWO" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">madera</mark>.</span></div>
<div class="j" id="2Fwokxu" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.26px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">4. </span><abbr class="g" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> bandeja (‖ <mark data-id="SxiYiPt" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">pieza</mark> <mark data-id="Rp1CuT2|RsVKhBv|RwYmdsn|RxSczPr" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">para</mark> <mark data-id="XhmNpPs" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">servir</mark>).</span></div>
<div class="j" id="Q5Wtz4a" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.26px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">5. </span><abbr class="g" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> <mark data-id="VRaMEUn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">Recipiente</mark> <mark data-id="BtDkacL|BtFYznp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">de</mark> <mark data-id="IEvo12v|IFIVvz0" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">forma</mark> <mark data-id="QcWzHmw" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">normalmente</mark> <mark data-id="BW3fPiX" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">cúbica</mark> <mark data-id="UkbUarn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">que</mark> <mark data-id="XNTSeAe|XNVjCmd" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">se</mark> <mark data-id="bB9BIxa" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">usa</mark> <mark data-id="Rp1CuT2|RsVKhBv|RwYmdsn|RxSczPr" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">para</mark> <mark data-id="ESraxkH" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">el </mark><mark data-id="N0aL8fN|N18qWGb" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">lavado</mark> <mark data-id="BtDkacL|BtFYznp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">de</mark> <mark data-id="PI5Zvhw" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">minerales</mark>.</span></div>
<div class="j" id="2Fyr5SD" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.26px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">6. </span><abbr class="g" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> <mark data-id="EajnWJX" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">Embarcación</mark> <mark data-id="EuPaWdO" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">en</mark> <mark data-id="IEvo12v|IFIVvz0" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">forma</mark> <mark data-id="BtDkacL|BtFYznp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">de</mark> <mark data-id="3qghkEn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">artesa</mark>, <mark data-id="UkbUarn" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">que</mark> <mark data-id="XNTSeAe|XNVjCmd" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">se</mark> <mark data-id="bB9BIxa" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">usa</mark> <mark data-id="EuPaWdO" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">en</mark> <mark data-id="ESraxkH|NWnohQu|NWofhZh" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">los</mark> <mark data-id="UahFsZE" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">puertos</mark> <mark data-id="c8HoARq|c8HrfrV|c8IFPyp" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">y </mark><mark data-id="3puL1mj" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">arsenales</mark>.</span></div>
<div class="j" id="2FyrkWd" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.26px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 1em;">
<span face="" style="font-family: verdana;"><span class="n_acep" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">7. </span><abbr class="g" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a6a6a6; cursor: help;" title="nombre femenino">f.</abbr> <mark data-id="bGK0DGL" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">Vagoneta</mark> <mark data-id="A5cH5M4" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">con</mark> <mark data-id="ESraxkH|NWnohQu|NWofhZh" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">los</mark> <mark data-id="My8kWoh" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">laterales</mark> <mark data-id="QAgVTQ3" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">muy</mark> <mark data-id="4oyrC6G" style="background-color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; padding: 0px;">bajos</mark>.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""><br /><span face=""><a href="https://www.dipta.cat/RBIV/biblioteca/tarragona_cristiana/HTML/files/assets/basic-html/page497.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.dipta.cat/RBIV/biblioteca/tarragona_cristiana/HTML/files/assets/basic-html/page497.html</a></span></span><br />
<span face=""><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="http://doczz.es/doc/364121/el-para%C3%ADso-est%C3%A1-en-el-regazo-de-una-madre" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span face="">http://doczz.es/doc/364121/el-para%C3%ADso-est%C3%A1-en-el-regazo-de-una-madre</span></a><br />
<span face=""><br /></span><span face="">" ... Aquesta transformació de <b>Vall</b> a <b>Ull </b>crec que serveix per a explicar un nom de lloc utilitzat en un document medieval antic, la primera carta de població de <b>Batea </b>de l’any 1181 en la que es volia mostrar l’ampli espai d’influencia del castell de Batea: “que limitava amb el terme de Nonasp, i de Nonasp per la serra fins a tocar l’Aull de Favara, i des d’aquí vers el puig de Calaceit i a tocar Cretes, d’aquí en direcció al Vilar d’Areys i d’aquí envers Gandesa tal i com les aigües vessen cap al castell d’Algars, i en direcció a la serra d’Ascó i d’aquí al riu Matarranya”. Sobre aquesta fita de Favara vaig escriure a la revista “Lo Portal” nº 135. El limit de l’Aull de Favara em va fer pensar que podia significar el nom d’alguna muntanya de la serra de Nonasp que amb el temps hagués canviat de nom. Vaig pensar que es podria correspondre amb la Punta Redona (354 metres) que actualment fa de fita entre els termes de Nonasp i Favara, o amb la Punta d’en Quadret 346 metres) que fa de molló entre Favara i Batea. Però en aquella antiga Carta de Població de Batea i Algars de 1181 no es concretaven exactament les fites tal com més tard es van establir entre el diferents pobles veïns de la zona del castell bateà. Crec que l’Aull de Favara, o potser millor la Ull de Favara, era una forma derivada de la Vall de Favara; cosa que no contradiu els actuals límits termenals. Així, dons, crec que a la carta bateana s’hauria de traduir: “fins a tocar la Vall de Favara”. ..."</span><br /></span>
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Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44623 Cretas, Teruel, España40.9280108 0.21264940.9160138 0.192479 40.940007800000004 0.232819tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-37622751456143733632020-02-14T10:24:00.002-08:002021-10-17T04:00:18.689-07:00Andrés Piquer Arrufat, Fórnoles, Fórnols<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La enseñanza de la <b>física </b>en el siglo
XVIII: La física moderna, racional y experimental (1745) de <b><a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/2020/02/fisica-siglo-xviii-racional-experimental-andres-piquer-arrufat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Andrés Piquer Arrufat</a></b> (primer libro de física escrito en español).<br /><br /><a href="https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/dces/article/view/2431/1976" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/dces/article/view/2431/1976</a><br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Luis Miralles Conesa.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Universitat de València.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Mª José Miralles Hernández.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">I.E.S. Abastos. Valencia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: verdana;"><img alt="Andrés Piquer Arrufat, Fórnoles, Fórnols" border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="339" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVxZGs9ZjRCo1pKxBiZ_WwVF0dgKh50Rd8xkO3MYNBs29NXnGN80erT_eUFlOjIzxhzSowzXD0m6KZbN5xJn7oEAjd6pC7YlZr6IotwWzDKuXA5HYg5WwkGpJFUtzgJ0X1EDPgBs-gnYgM/s400/andres-piquer-portada-fisica.jpg" title="Andrés Piquer Arrufat, Fórnoles, Fórnols" width="306" /></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Resumen:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En este trabajo pretendemos llegar al
conocimiento de la situación, influencia y nivel de la <b>Ciencia
Física</b> en el siglo XVIII.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Palabras clave: física, historia de la
ciencia, filosofía sistemática, filosofía corpuscular,
eclecticismo.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Abstract:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Knowledge on the state of the art,
social impact and level of development of Physics in the eighteenth
century are the main aims of this work.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Key Words: Physics, Science History,
systematic Philosophy, corpuscular Philosophy, eclecticism.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">(Fecha de recepción: septiembre, 2007,
y de aceptación: Octubre, 2007)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/revista?codigo=418" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">DIDÁCTICA DE LAS CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y SOCIALES</a>. N.º 21. 2007, 169-196 (<a href="https://scholar.google.de/scholar?hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1&q=0214-4379&btnG=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ISSN 0214-4379</a>)</span></div>
<div style="break-before: page; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">1.
Introducción.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En España, durante todo el siglo
XVIII, el influjo francés se haría notorio en la vida política y
cultural tanto personal como institucional. A ello contribuyeron
reformadores como el P. Feijoo (1676-1764), o renovadores como el
humanista y erudito valenciano Gregorio Mayans y Siscar (1699-1781).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Esta influencia se manifestaría de
forma singular, aunque manteniendo sus fuertes convicciones
filosóficas y religiosas, en todas las obras escritas por A. <a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/2020/02/fisica-siglo-xviii-racional-experimental-andres-piquer-arrufat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Piquer</a>.
Destacó por su labor como renovador y actualizador en casi todas las
esferas del saber, siendo figura sobresaliente dentro del campo
científico-filosófico. Resalta su preocupación por la modernidad
que <i>él</i> quiere introducir en las aulas universitarias. Intentó
depurar los errores científicos que contenían las antiguas
doctrinas históricas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el prólogo de su libro de Física,
Piquer escribió: “La he escrito en lengua Española (sic), porque
deseo que la entiendan todos, y porque juzgo que a nuestra lengua
ninguna otra cede en limpieza, abundancia y fuerza de expresión”.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">2. Biografía del <a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/2020/02/fisica-siglo-xviii-racional-experimental-andres-piquer-arrufat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Dr. Piquer</a> y su
época.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: verdana;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><a href="https://andrespiquer.blogspot.com/2020/02/fisica-siglo-xviii-racional-experimental-andres-piquer-arrufat.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Andrés Piquer Arrufat</a> (n. 1711,
<b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=F%C3%B3rnoles" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fórnoles</a></b>, Teruel; f. 1772, Madrid) se ha <u>considerado </u><b>valenciano </b>por
residir muchos años en <b>Valencia</b>, primero como estudiante, después
como médico y profesor </span><span face="verdana, sans-serif">de su Universidad. Realizó los
estudios primarios en su pueblo natal. En (</span><i>La</i><span face="verdana, sans-serif">) </span><b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Fresneda" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fresneda</a></b><span face="verdana, sans-serif">
aprendió Gramática, Retórica y Poética. En el año 1727 comenzó
en la Universidad de Valencia los estudios de Filosofía. Obtuvo el
grado de bachiller en Artes y seis días después, 9 de febrero de
1734, el de bachiller en Medicina. Posteriormente, en Mayo del mismo
año fue graduado doctor.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el año 1735 publica su primera
obra: <i>Medicina vetus et nova</i>. La trascendencia de ésta, junto
a otras sobresalientes publicaciones y su prestigio profesional
contribuyeron a que en 1739, la Academia Medica-Matritense le
nombrara Socio de Honor de dicha academia. Tres años después, tras
la reglamentada oposición fue nombrado Catedrático, Profesor de
Anatomía de la Universidad de Valencia. En el mismo año la
Corporación Municipal de la citada ciudad le nombró médico
titular. La acumulación de honores fue creciendo y en 1749, la
Academia Médica de Oporto le nombra académico honorario, en
atención a sus reconocidos méritos profesionales.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En España, durante el siglo XVIII, van
a suceder una serie de acontecimientos trascendentales. Al morir el
Rey Carlos II, de la casa de Austria, sin descendencia, se nombra,
tras la guerra de sucesión, el primer rey Borbón, Felipe V
(1700-1746) de Anjou, nieto del rey de Francia, Luis XIV. Felipe V,
fue reconocido y confirmado rey de España en el Tratado de Utrech,
celebrado en 1713. Luis I de Borbón heredó el trono, al abdicar su
padre en febrero de 1724. Falleció en octubre del mismo año. Felipe
V, nuevamente rey, mantendría su reinado hasta su muerte en 1746. Le
sucede su hermanastro Fernando VI, a quien le sucede su hijo Carlos
III, que reinaría desde 1759 hasta 1788. Señalamos dos eventos muy
singulares que tuvieron lugar durante el reinado de éste último
monarca: el motín de Esquilache (1766) y la expulsión de los
jesuitas (1767).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el siglo XVII surgieron las primeras
reacciones contra la mentalidad tradicionalista de las universidades.
Eruditos, principalmente científicos, se reunían en tertulias.
Éstas, con el tiempo, resultarían ser la levadura de las Sociedades
Científicas tales como: la Royal Society de Londres (1666), la
Academia de Ciencias de París (1666) y la Academia de Ciencias de
Berlín (1700), San Petersburgo (1724) y la de Estocolmo (1739).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En España el precedente habría que
buscarlo en: la Regia Sociedad de Medicina y otras Ciencias de
Sevilla, la Academia Medica Matritense y la Academia Valenciana,
fundadas en 1700, 1734 y 1742, respectivamente. Los miembros
pertenecientes a esta última se llamaban académicos valencianos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Andrés Piquer figura como Socio de
Honor de la Real Academia <span lang="de-DE">Medica-</span>Matritense
y Académico Valenciano en sus libros: Física Moderna, Racional y
Experimental y Tratado de las calenturas, publicados,
respectivamente, en 1745 y 1751.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En 1751 el Rey Fernando VI le nombra
Médico de Cámara. Andrés Piquer se ve obligado a trasladar su
residencia a Madrid. Al año siguiente se le designará Protomédico
y en la misma orden se le nombraba Vicepresidente Vitalicio de la
Academia <span lang="de-DE">Médica-Matritense.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En 1766, a sus cincuenta y cinco años,
su quebrantada salud le obliga a solicitar su jubilación al rey. El
Dr. Andrés Piquer había sido confirmado en todos sus cargos por el
monarca Carlos III. En 1767 el rey Carlos III ordenó la expulsión
de los jesuitas, en un intento de romper el inmovilismo de las
universidades, reacias a dar paso a las nuevas doctrinas corrientes
científico-filosóficas y también porque fueron inculpados de
intervenir indirectamente en los <span lang="de-DE">desórdenes</span>
organizados en el motín de Esquilache.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Seis años después, 3 de febrero de
1772, tras larga enfermedad, falleció D. Andrés Piquer y Arrufat,
cuando contaba con sesenta y un años de edad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">3. Fisica moderna, racional y
experimental.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El Dr. Piquer escribió esta obra de
carácter científico-filosófico, que ha contado cuatro ediciones.
La primera, publicada en Valencia, año. MDCCXXXXV (sic). De esta
obra hay otra edición de 1780. En la Biblioteca Nacional
(posiblemente en otras), existe una 3ª impresión, que no lleva año,
“pero desde luego es posterior a 1790” (Mindan, 1991). La cuarta
y última es una edición facsímil de la física de 1745, publicada
recientemente en Valladolid., año 2006.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Sobre el citado libro escribe Peset y
Cervera (1934): “Enemigo de la seudo-física médica reinante,
metafísica en rigor, se propone encauzar el aquelarre filosófico,
aquella manigua de teorías estrambóticas, con eclecticismo ceñido
a la naturaleza, escrito con su proverbial claridad y agradable
estilo”.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El eclecticismo es la doctrina
dominante en el texto de Física. En cuanto a la formulación y
aceptación de las nuevas teorías intentó conciliar doctrinas muy
diversas, tratando de compaginar lo antiguo con lo moderno,
respetando siempre la tradición cristiana.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Azorín, refiriéndose a Piquer,
escribió: “es un hombre representativo del siglo XVIII. Y del
siglo XVIII valenciano (...). Porque todo el espíritu tradicional
valenciano que viene desde Vives está en su obra. (...) no afirma ni
niega jamás. Y admite siempre una posibilidad en lo extraordinario.
La diferencia entre el dogmático y el dubitativo prudente es
esencial”.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">4. Contenido abreviado de la física y
comentarios.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Consta el libro de cinco tratados,
subdivididos cada uno de ellos en proposiciones numeradas
correlativamente, del uno al ciento catorce. Algunas de éstas
contienen corolarios y, también, algún que otro escolio.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">4. 1. Tratado <span lang="de-DE">i</span>:
proemial de la física. Su utilidad y modo de aprendizaje.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el Tratado I, PROEMIAL de la Física
consta de cuatro capítulos en los que se refiere a: <br />1) objeto y
estado de la física; 2) su utilidad; 3) uso de la experiencia, 4)
razón y autoridad en la Física.
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El pensamiento sobre la interpretación
de la naturaleza de la tradición greco-islámica fue sustituido en
el siglo XVIII por la ciencia moderna, inaugurada como revolución
científica y que abarca el período comprendido entre 1550 y 1700.
Se fija como objetivo de la Física (<span lang="de-DE">capítulo</span>
I) el estudio de la Naturaleza, empleándose en examinar la
constitución de los cuerpos particulares, el orden con que componen
el mundo universal y los efectos, que resultan del concurso y
trabazón de ellos entre si.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La física estuvo mal cultivada hasta
el siglo décimo sexto. En el siglo siguiente se empezó a renovarla,
librándola de la superficialidad de los razonamientos y
confirmándose que la única manera de adelantarla sería por el
camino de la experiencia Con Francisco Bacon (1561- 1626) de
Veruliano, Gran Canciller de Inglaterra, comenzaría la renovación
de la Física. En la segunda mitad del siglo décimo séptimo Renato
Cartesio (1596-1650) y Pedro Gassendi (1592- 1655), introdujeron
sendos nuevos sistemas. Opuestos a estos surge la figura de Newton
(1642-1727). Piquer quiere renovar la Física y sustituirla tomando
como base los sistemas modernos, pero escribe: “Yo sigo la
Filosofía Ecléctica, esto es, aquel modo de filosofar, que no se
empeña en defender sistema alguno (...) de ordinario, me aparto de
ellos y solamente apruebo, lo que hallo en los Físicos
Experimentales (...)” (p.14).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Sobre la utilidad de la Física
(capítulo II) señala varias aplicaciones. Considera muy notoria la
aplicación de la Física a la Medicina. Recuerda la advertencia de
Galeno (129-c.200 d.C.): “No puede el médico conocer la naturaleza
del hombre sin entender la del Universo” (p. 6). Cita su aplicación
en la Agricultura, por todos es conocida la influencia del tiempo y
sus cambios, la fuerza del viento, etc.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Los físicos modernos, dice Piquer, o
son sistemáticos o experimentales. En el primer grupo cita a
Cartesio y Newton; en el segundo a Boyle (1627-1691) y Boerhaave
(1668-1742). Es categórico al considerar que: “los filósofos
experimentales son tanto más apreciables que los sistemáticos,
cuanto es más deseable la verdad que la sofistería” (p. 8).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Aconseja (capítulo III) que se ponga
todo el cuidado posible en la realización de los experimentos.
Sugiere, para evitar errores en los resultados experimentales,
suspender los juicios prematuros y prestar atención a las
circunstancias que acompañan a las operaciones de la naturaleza.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Señala Piquer (capítulo IV) que “la
Física es ciencia racional. La experiencia es su principal
fundamento; pero requiérele junto con la razón” (p.16). Cita al
P. Feijoo y Thomas Brown (1735- 1788) como autores de trabajos que
fijan preceptos generales para utilizar la razón en la formulación
de conclusiones. Afirma que las matemáticas contribuyen mucho para
gobernar el juicio en el estudio de la Física. Recuerda que:
“Roberto Boyle sentía no haberse adelantado más en el estudio de
aquellas Ciencias, que el uso le mostró <span lang="de-DE">necesarias</span>
para conseguir ésta” (pp.18-19). No obstante, Piquer advierte que
resultan <i>pocos</i> útiles las demostraciones sublimes de las
matemáticas para explicar sucesos de la naturaleza donde la
experimentación juega mucho mejor papel a la hora de utilizar la
razón para formular juicios. “Las demostraciones tan difíciles
del Marqués <span lang="de-DE">l</span>’Hospital (1661- 1704), y
de Bernoulli (1654-1701), han servido poco para adelantar la
Física(...)” (p. 19).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Dentro del capítulo IV Piquer expone
sus criterios, siempre dentro del dogma católico y considerando la
autoridad de sus autores. Bajo esta premisa cuidadosamente va
escribiendo sus opiniones, discutiendo o apoyando los criterios de:
Epicuro, Aristóteles, Cartesio, Francisco Vallés, San Agustín y
otros.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">4.2. Tratado <span lang="de-DE">II</span>:
principios del ente natural.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El tratado II está desarrollado en
cinco capítulos. En el I PROPÓNENSE LAS OPINIONES DE LOS
PRINCIPALES FILÓSOFOS MODERNOS SOBRE LOS PRINCIPIOS DEL ENTE
NATURAL:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Opinión de Cartesio. Según este
filósofo y matemático francés, en el universo existen tres géneros
de materia: el primero, que tiene tanta conmoción, que ocurriendo a
otros cuerpos se divide en partecillas (sic) de indefinida pequeñez
y apropia su figura a cualesquiera poros; la segunda, la materia se
divide en partículas esféricas muy pequeñas, aunque de cierta y
determinada cantidad y divisibles en otras más pequeñas. Admite una
tercera clase, que <i>est</i><span lang="de-DE"><i>á</i></span>
formada de partes más gruesas, y figuras menos aptas para el
movimiento. Indica que de estas tres clases se compone el mundo
visible. A la primera clase de materia, pertenecen el Sol y las
estrellas fijas; a la segunda, el Cielo; y a la tercera, la Tierra,
los Planetas y los Cometas. Este filósofo niega la existencia de
vacío. Idea que mantuvo mediante la aplicación de una omnipresente
materia sutil, dispuesta a llenar todos los huecos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Opinión de Gassendi (1592-1626),
volvió sobre el atomismo de Epicuro (c.345-270 a.C), Leucipo
(floreció 430 a.C.) y Demócrito (c.470-371 a.C). Lo sustancial del
sistema de Gassendi fue aceptar: la existencia de una materia
primera, principio único universal de todas las cosas. Esta materia
es divisible, en partículas menudísimas, sólidas, indivisibles por
la fuerza de la naturaleza, e insensibles, que los antiguos llamaron
átomos. Supone en ellas, figuras con peso y de distintas formas,
juzgándose éstas como infinitas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Opinión de Newton (1642-1727).
Comienza Piquer haciendo un sublime elogio del físico <span lang="de-DE"><i>inglés</i></span>
Isaac Newton, considerado como uno de los más ilustres conocidos en
los últimos siglos, famoso en todo el orbe literario por la
invención de un nuevo sistema. <span lang="de-DE"><i>Continúa</i></span>
con las palabras de elogio a Newton escritas por el P. Feijoo. Newton
se dedicó, fundamentalmente, al estudio de las leyes del movimiento
de los cuerpos y la disposición de los mismos. Establece un sólo
principio en el Universo que es la gravedad a la que sigue la
atracción. Supone que todos los cuerpos son graves, queriendo decir
con ello que todos los cuerpos ejercen su peso sobre la tierra, pero
ésta a su vez gravita sobre los demás cuerpos. Admite que los
espacios que hay entre los planetas está vacío, no hay materia
fluida o etérea que los sostengan.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Opinión de los químicos. Se refiere
Piquer a Paracelso (1493-1541), químico y médico suizo, hombre del
renacimiento que intentó hacer ciencia, pretendió establecer un
cierto orden dentro de la Alquimia reinante. Se habían establecido
cinco principios para explicar todas las sustancias del mundo: sal,
azufre, mercurio, flema y tierra. Paracelso reduce los principios a
tres: mercurio, azufre y sal. Boyle comprobaría en su libro el
Químico Sceptico, el hecho evidente de no estar presentes,
cualesquiera de los tres principios en todas las sustancias y que, a
su vez, resultarían insuficientes para explicar todos los entes de
la naturaleza.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">PROPONÉNSE ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE
LAS OPINIONES</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">ANTECEDENTES, es el título del
<span lang="de-DE">capítulo</span> II. En él, Piquer precisa que
Cartesio afirmaba: del movimiento que Dios imprimió a la materia,
ésta pudo dividirse de forma tal que resultaran partes diversas y
diferentes que reunidas y acopladas de múltiples formas distintas
según las leyes del movimiento, podían explicarse cuantos seres se
observan en la naturaleza.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer admite la opinión de Gassendi
como más razonable que la de Cartesio. Sin embargo, esclarece que si
bien los átomos tienen magnitud y movimiento connatural, dándoles
las figuras a gusto y satisfacción del fenómeno que se ha de
explicar, se le puede objetar que no están basados en hechos
contactados con experiencias irrefutables. Acusa a Newton de
introducir complejos cálculos de Álgebra y una Geometría muy sutil
para explicar fenómenos naturales, exponiendo que el físico al
estudiar éstos debe gobernar al entendimiento una experiencia fiel,
una observación palpable y una abstracción distante de las cosas
sensibles.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Durante el desarrollo del capítulo
III: PROPÓNESE NUESTRA OPINIÓN.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer propone su opinión a través de
una serie de proposiciones afirmando lo que le parece más verosímil:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Materia prima (proposición 1). Las
cosas nuevas no se hacen de la nada, luego de algo y este algo es la
materia prima.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La materia es divisible (proposición
2), pero es imposible lograrla hasta el infinito.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La impenetrabilidad de la
materia.(proposición 3).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La materia es extensa (proposición 4).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La materia es corpórea (proposición
5).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La extensión y la impenetrabilidad
basta para conocer la materia en general, pero no para distinguir los
cuerpos en particular (proposición 6).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La diferencia de dos cuerpos procede de
la materia, cuyas partes en cada una tenga distinta combinación que
en el otro (proposición 7).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">No hay en los entes corpóreos formas
sustanciales distintas de la materia exceptuando al hombre
(proposición 8). Boyle en su libro el Origen de las formas y
cualidades, por vía experimental concluye que la combinación de las
partes y su movimiento bastaba para todas las formas. Idea que no
comparten en algunos casos: Gómez Pereyra (1500-f. post, 1558),
médico y experto en filosofía natural, en el libro: Margarita
Antoniana, publicado en 1554 (Menéndez Pelayo, 1953); los doctores:
Thomas V. Tosca (1651- 1723), Martín <span lang="de-DE"><i>Martiinez</i></span>
(1684- 1734), y a mediados del siglo XVIII (López Piñero et al,
1983).<br />Los principios del cuerpo natural, son la materia y la
combinación (proposición 9). Se entienden por principios los entes
de quienes dependen necesariamente y se componen los seres naturales.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La generación de un cuerpo natural
consiste en que la materia adquiere una nueva combinación de partes
interiores que sea bastante para hacer las principales afecciones,
sensiblemente diversas (proposición 10). Se genera un cuerpo cuando
es diferente a otro en cuanto a sus propiedades sensibles. Estas
propiedades diversas se pueden obtener por mudarse la textura y/o la
combinación de las partes.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">- La combinación diversa depende
mayormente de la figura de las partecillas. (proposición 11). Al
asumir como verosímil esta proposición Piquer afirma: “que la
materia es divisible, y capaz de varias figuras, (...)” (p. 73).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">- La unión de las partes de la materia
variamente figuradas, nace de las figuras, del aceite elemental, y de
la apretura, que causan los cuerpos externos (proposición 12).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />Gasendi juzga, que las partes de
los cuerpos están dotadas de unos anzuelos capaces de unir las
partes más o menos fuertemente, de acuerdo con su dureza. Comenta
Piquer: “(...) puede este modo de pensar, ser conforme con la
experiencia, y generalmente por cierto, que la figura contribuye
mucho a la trabazón de las partes de la materia” (p. 75). Limita
esta forma de unirse los cuerpos, pero objeta que puede ser conforme,
en muchas ocasiones, con la experimentación, sin que ello suponga
que siempre sea necesaria la presencia de esos “anzuelos” para
justificar la unión.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Cartesio pretende explicar la unión
basándose en la quietud de las partes con el fin de oponer
resistencia que evite la rotura al impulso que pueda recibir. Se
objeta como imposible de admitir ya que no se pueda concebir las
partes de materia en quietud y sin unión, y a la inversa partes
unidas con movimiento de materia.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer determina que para unir las
partes de la materia, además de las figuras de ellas y la apretura
externa, se requiere la presencia de un aceite capaz de lograr el
contacto de dos o más partes de tal modo que formen un todo, cuyas
propiedades sensibles permita unos cuerpos de otros.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo IV: SATISFÁCESE A LAS
OBJECIONES pretende Piquer esclarecer las objeciones anteriores.
Comienza advirtiendo que la idea que tenemos de los cuerpos procede
de los sentidos y éstos no informan de las cosas sino de sus
propiedades. Y define la idea como la primera percepción que tenemos
de alguna cosa. La materia es la esencia de las cosas y la extensión
junto con la divisibilidad y la impenetrabilidad es la esencia de la
materia.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Dedica el capítulo V a la: APLICACIÓN
DE NUESTRA SENTENCIA (de Piquer). A LAS OBRAS DE LA NATURALEZA. En él
se propone una idea general de la constitución del mundo. Para ello
Piquer se apoya en una máxima del canciller Bacon F. (1561-1626), a
saber : “en la naturaleza, no se ha de fingir, ni pensar, sino
hallar por experiencia lo que ésta puede, y ejecuta: y en
seguimiento de ella, parece que sólo debe aprobarse aquel sistema
que sea conforme a la experiencia, y ajustado a la razón” (p. 92).
Clasifica, a partir de estas ideas, los cuerpos que componen la gran
fábrica del mundo, en tres clases: simples, organizados y mixtos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">4.3. Tratado <span lang="de-DE">III</span>:
del movimiento.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El tratado III constituye la parte del
texto referida al movimiento. Respecto a su contenido se observa,
hasta cierto punto, un mayor rigor científico. Sin embargo, se
manifiesta la ausencia de la formulación matemática.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo I titulado:
MANIFIÉSTASE LA NECESIDAD DE OBSERVAR EL MOVIMIENTO hace referencia
al Sol originando las diversas estaciones. La Tierra, dice, aunque
parece inmóvil, tiene muchas partes que están en continuo
movimiento; el corazón y los humores, con sus movimientos rítmicos,
están participando en nuestra salud, por el contrario si el
movimiento deja de ser uniforme y ordenado surge la enfermedad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo II: EXPLÍCASE LA
NATURALEZA DEL MOVIMIENTO incluye la definición que da Cartesio pero
le parece más acertada la de Gassendi: “tránsito de un lugar a
otro” (p.100).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer en el capítulo III: DE LAS
DIFERENCIAS DEL MOVIMIENTO refiere varias clasificaciones del mismo.
En este capítulo hace una referencia al movimiento perpetuo que
define como: “aquel que excitado por el arte, se <span lang="de-DE"><i>perpetúa</i></span>
por la fábrica de los instrumentos, sin ser necesario multiplicar
los impulsos” y agrega: “Se ha trabajado mucho en estos últimos
tiempos en hallar esta especie de movimiento, y han sido inútiles
todas las tentativas” (p.104).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo IV: DE LAS AFECCIONES
DEL MOVIMIENTO cita como propiedades inseparables de todos los
movimientos: la velocidad, determinación (dirección) y cantidad de
movimiento. Define este último concepto como: “la fuerza con que
un cuerpo se mueve, y hiere a otro”.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Dado que el cuerpo humano era
considerado, por los llamados en aquella época médicos modernos,
como una máquina llena de instrumentos que obran permitiendo el
movimiento del cuerpo humano, en cuanto a sus aspectos intrínsecos y
extrínsecos, Piquer dedica el capítulo siguiente al estudio de
algunas máquinas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Este capítulo V titulado: EXPLÍCANSE
ALGUNAS MÁQUINAS, Y SE DA RAZÓN FÍSICA DE SUS <span lang="de-DE">FENÓMENOS</span>,
abarca las proposiciones 13-18. Comienza con la especificación de
las tres partes esenciales de las máquinas simples, a saber: centro
o punto de apoyo, peso o cuerpo que se ha de mover y potencia o
fuerza moviente (sic).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El aumento de la fuerza moviente en la
palanca procede del aumento de la velocidad (proposición 13). La
potencia es la cantidad de movimiento y procediendo ésta de la
velocidad y masa, es preciso que para vencer un cuerpo de menor masa
a otro de mayor masa, le exceda en la velocidad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la palanca de primera especie, la
velocidad de la potencia es mayor, cuanto lo es la distancia a ella
del punto fijo (proposición 14). De esta proposición deduce seis
corolarios.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 15, la potencia en
la palanca adquiere tantos grados de fuerza, cuántas son las veces
que la distancia que hay entre el peso y el centro, se contiene en el
rayo o distancia que hay desde el centro a la potencia. Explica su
aplicación describiendo el fundamento de la romana.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 16, lo que se ha dicho
de la palanca de la primera especie es aplicable a las de segunda y
tercera.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 17. El torno y la polea se
reducen a palancas de la primera especie.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo VI se titula: DE LAS
REGLAS GENERALES DEL MOVIMIENTO.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 18 dice: Un cuerpo que
se encuentra en movimiento permanece en este estado hasta que causa
externa le provoca su quietud. A esta indiferencia de los cuerpos
para el movimiento, llama Newton fuerza de inercia. Agrega Piquer que
la expresión es poco afortunada y más apta para confundir que para
explicar la naturaleza. De esta proposición se deducen dos
corolarios.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El enunciado de la proposición 19 es
el siguiente: Todo cuerpo que se mueve, tira cuanto es de <i>si</i> a
moverse por la línea recta. Piquer deduce tres corolarios: A) El
movimiento circular en los cuerpos procede de una causa que en cada
punto hace mudar la dirección y perder la línea recta. Si cesa esta
causa, el cuerpo huirá del centro siguiendo la línea recta. A esta
causa los físicos modernos denominaron virtud centrífuga, esto es
huir del centro. B) Para que un cuerpo describa moviéndose una
figura cuadrada se necesitan cuatro causas, capaces de hacerle
cambiar la dirección en los cuatro vértices del cuadrado. C) Los
cuerpos que girando alrededor de un punto tienen más masa, por tanto
más cantidad de movimiento tendrán más ímpetu para alejarse del
centro. Piquer en un escolio explica la teoría de los torbellinos de
Cartesio.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 20, constatada por la
experiencia, dice: si un cuerpo recibe dos impresiones distintas,
cuanto es de si se dispone a las dos diferentes direcciones que se
les imprimen. Piquer deduce de esta proposición dos corolarios: A)
El movimiento de reflexión está compuesto de dos direcciones. B) La
refracción del movimiento depende de las diversas direcciones en
donde el cuerpo se mueve. La recta de la refracción se hace más o
menos oblicua, dependiendo de la resistencia del medio.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Con la proposición 21 añade que: un
cuerpo que se mueve pierde tanto de su movimiento, cuanto comunica a
otros cuerpos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo VII <i>est</i><span lang="de-DE"><i>á</i></span>
dedicado al MOVIMIENTO DE LOS CUERPOS GRAVES. Se refiere al
movimiento de los cuerpos que caen libremente en el aire, es decir
sin estar sostenidos, ni ligados a otro cuerpo.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Agrega, (proposición 22) que: la
gravedad es extrínseca a los cuerpos y que (proposición 23): la
gravedad de un cuerpo es tanto menor cuanto es mayor su magnitud con
respecto de su masa. El movimiento con el que los graves bajan es
extrínseco, también lo es la fuerza con que se mueven y
consiguientemente la gravedad. Incluye ésta última dos corolarios:
A) Cuando es mucha la grandeza de un cuerpo, y poca su masa, puede
suspenderse en el aire, porque éste excede en gravedad a aquel
cuerpo. B) En la máquina neumática al no haber aire, una piedra y
una pluma caen con igual gravedad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 24 indica que:
cuando se mezclan cuerpos de distinta gravedad específica y éstos
se mueven libremente es preciso que el más grave se coloque más
cercano a la tierra y los demás lo hagan en orden de mayor a menor
gravedad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 25 contiene la teoría
formulada por Galileo (1564-1642): el movimiento de los graves se
acelera en la caída. Aquí introduce Piquer un escolio. Recuerda que
Galileo Galilei fue el primero que estudió y experimentó con
cuidado este fenómeno, llegando a la conclusión de que los espacios
que corre el cuerpo grave en toda su caída, son como los cuadrados
de los tiempos que emplea. Los seguidores de Galileo manifestaron que
los cálculos son sólo exactos prescindiendo de la resistencia del
medio, pero como ello es imprescindible resultaban poco sólidas sus
observaciones.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Se refiere a continuación al centro de
gravedad confirmando (proposición 26) que: un cuerpo que <i>est</i><span lang="de-DE"><i>á</i></span>
sostenido por su centro de gravedad no cae, pero si éste cae también
lo hace el cuerpo.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Afirma (proposición 27): los cuerpos
graves que insisten sobre una base, se mantienen si la línea de
dirección pasa por la base, y caen cuando sale fuera de ella. En el
escolio, que acompaña a esta proposición, Piquer explica la forma
de andar del hombre cuyo centro de gravedad coloca en el empeine y el
centro de magnitud en el ombligo.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 28: explícanse
algunas dudas curiosas sobre la gravedad. Una de ellas es la
explicación que relata sobre el vuelo de las aves apoyándose: en la
peculiar estructura de las alas, en que los músculos del pecho en
las aves están más robustos y desarrollados que en los restantes y
las plumas que actúan como palancas de tercer género, constituyen
los socorros que permiten a las aves mantenerse en el aire y volar.
Manifiesta Piquer que: “Por esta misma razón es imposible que el
hombre naturalmente vuele, pues no cabe en la naturaleza industria
para suplir en él la falta de tantas circunstancias.(...) todas las
tentativas han sido inútiles. Lo que se dice del vuelo de Ícaro es
ficción poética” (pp. 139-140).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo VIII está dedicado al
MOVIMIENTO DE LOS CUERPOS FLUIDOS. Define a éstos como: cuerpos que
pueden ser divididos fácilmente sin que oponga resistencia sensible
y que ceden al menor esfuerzo que se haga para separar sus partes.
Con la particularidad de que los fluidos, propiamente dicho, se
adaptan a las figuras del recipiente que los contiene.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Experimentalmente demuestra que: las
partes de un fluido están en constante movimiento (proposición 29).
Las disoluciones son ejemplos de ello. Piquer en esta proposición
agrega en un escolio: no basta con el movimiento interior de las
partes de un fluido, requiere también proporción en las partículas
del disoluble en los poros del disolvente. Se justifica con un hecho
experimental: el agua regia disuelve el oro y no la plata, y el agua
fuerte disuelve la plata y no el oro. Explica que las partes de estos
dos metales solamente están, en cada caso, en la proporción
adecuada en los poros de sus respectivos disolventes.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Las partículas de el fluido se mueven
indiferentemente hacia todas partes (proposición 30). En el escolio
que introduce Piquer, recogiendo ideas de algunos filósofos, expone
que para la movilidad de las partes del fluido se requiere cierta
figura en las partículas por cuya disposición obedezcan fácilmente
a la acción de una causa externa que comunica su movimiento. Piquer
consideró como más verosímil la opinión de Gassendi y que
anteriormente había establecido Lucrecio. Afirmó que estas debían
ser redondas, argumentando que solo se toquen en un punto, ello
contribuye hacerlas más divisibles y fáciles a mantener cualquier
movimiento, además de todo esto con la figura redonda debe haber más
poros para disolver a otros cuerpos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo IX est<span lang="de-DE">á</span>
referido a: LA GRAVEDAD, Y EQUILIBRIO DE LOS CUERPOS FLUIDOS. Éstos
son graves, puesto que abandonados libremente caen por <span style="font-style: normal;">s</span><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-style: normal;">i</span></span>
<u>mismo</u> hacia la superficie de la tierra.<br /><br />En la
proposición 31 confirma que: los fluidos causan empuje en la base
del cuerpo en que insisten. Introduce dos corolarios. Cita el libro
de Boyle: Paradojas hidrostáticas, donde refiere numerosas pruebas
experimentales relacionadas con la apretura de los fluidos sobre la
base en que insisten.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 32 especifica que: los
fluidos causan empuje sobre la base de los vasos perpendiculares
según la altura. Incluye en este apartado dos corolarios.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 33 enuncia su
versión sobre los vasos comunicantes:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En los vasos que tienen comunicación
entre <i>si</i>, el fluido no excede el equilibrio. Agrega dos
corolarios: A) Si dos vasos, aunque tengan distinta base, están en
comunicación el licor en el pequeño estará en equilibrio con el
más grande, es decir alcanzará en los dos la misma altura. <br />B)
Cuando los canales que se comunican son de distinto diámetro, si el
fluido del más ancho pasa a otro más estrecho, la velocidad debe
aumentar.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Los cuerpos sólidos pierden tanto de
su peso en el fluido, cuanto es el peso del fluido de igual grandeza.
Esta proposición 34 contiene el principio de Arquímedes (c.287-212
a.C.). En un corolario afirma que: un mismo cuerpo pierde más de su
peso en un fluido más grave que uno más leve.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo X se refiere a la
APLICACIÓN DE LA DOCTRINA DEL MOVIMIENTO A LA MEDICINA. Dice Piquer:
“la vida consiste en un movimiento de los sólidos, y fluidos que
componen la fábrica del cuerpo humano; y la salud en un movimiento
reglado y uniforme, estando éstos sujetos a las leyes del movimiento
de los cuerpos (...)” (p. 160). Siguiendo la ley de la cantidad de
movimiento, por cualquier parte del cuerpo donde disminuya la
cantidad de <span lang="de-DE">líquido</span> que llega, la
velocidad aumentar<span lang="de-DE">á</span> para suplir la falta
de cantidad de materia y así se conserve el valor de la cantidad de
movimiento (masa x velocidad). La arteria pulmonar es mucho más
estrecha que la vena cava. La cantidad de movimiento debe ser igual
en la arteria y en la vena. Al ser ésta más ancha y aquella más
estrecha, para suplir la falta de masa en la arteria, es en ésta
donde aumentará la velocidad. En los canales más estrechos los
líquidos tienen mayor ligereza. En los casos de temperaturas muy
elevadas, dice Piquer, nadie se extrañará que al latir el corazón
con mayor fuerza, la sangre subirá hasta el cerebro con tanta
velocidad que sea la causa de delirios. Los Físicos Modernos, siglo
XVIIl, consideraban al cuerpo humano constituido por un conjunto de
canales conectados entre <i>si</i> por donde circulan los humores,
respetando las leyes del movimiento aplicables a todos los fluidos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Comienza el capítulo XI denominado: DE
LAS CAUSAS DEL MOVIMIENTO DE LOS CUERPOS, comentando que la
averiguación de las leyes del movimiento son más fáciles de
formular que sus causas. Las leyes se formulan a base de la
experimentación, siempre objetivas, mientras las causas, se ocultan
a la perspicacia de lo filósofos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 35, de acuerdo con
sus creencias religiosas, hace el siguiente razonamiento: todo cuerpo
se mueve por otro, éste por otro, y así sucesivamente hasta llegar
al primer movedor (sic) que es Dios. Las operaciones corpóreas,
tales como: el fuego, quema; el aire enfría; el Sol, luce, etc, se
hacen por el movimiento, luego las causas segundas son las verdaderas
causas del movimiento (proposición 36).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Las causas segundas, que producen los
movimientos son limitadas (proposición 37). Cuando una causa es el
origen del movimiento que produce en otro, se hace por comunicación
y pierde parte de él, llegará un momento, que a base de transmitir,
tendrá necesariamente una limitación.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Esta limitación de las causas segundas
en la producción del movimiento de los cuerpos se extiende al alma
racional (proposición 38).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 39: la virtud que
tienen los ángeles para mover los cuerpos es limitada. Este
contenido resulta explicable en el siglo XVIII.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 40, leemos: es muy
verosímil que hay una materia delgadísima, que es causa del
movimiento de los otros cuerpos. Es la materia que los filósofos
llaman etérea, aunque no se</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">presenta a nuestros sentidos es
demostrable, según Piquer, por el gran núm<span lang="de-DE">e</span>ro
de efectos que causa.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El impulso no es la causa del
movimiento de los cuerpos (proposición 41). Parece más verosímil,
opinaba Piquer, aceptar que el cese del movimiento de los cuerpos no
resulta de la falta del impulso que consistía en calidad, sino que
por la comunicación con los cuerpos inmediatos hace perder el
movimiento adquirido.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo XII trata DE LA CAUSA DEL
MOVIMIENTO DE LOS CUERPOS GRAVES. Los Cartesianos suponen que la
causa de la gravedad es la materia etérea que hace bajar los cuerpos
a la tierra por la ley del <span lang="de-DE">movimiento</span>
centrífugo. Los sectarios de Newton, admiten la gravedad como algo
intrínseco a los cuerpos, pero a diferencia de los aristotélicos
que la consideraban una calidad, ellos la suponen relacionada con la
cantidad de materia. En realidad Newton fue más moderado, acepta la
gravedad como un principio activo que explica gran cantidad de
fenómenos de la naturaleza, pero confiesa que ignora la causa,
siendo preciso seguir buceando por nuevos rumbos para descubrirla.
Gassendi consideraba la Tierra como un gran imán que atrae los
cuerpos graves, del mismo modo que el pequeño imán atrae las
limaduras de hierro. Esta opinión resulta aún más arbitraria que
la de Cartesio. Otra teoría atribuida al P. Regnault (1683-1762),
jesuita, Profesor de Matemáticas del Colegio Luis el Grande de
París, se explica en el libro de Piquer. Supone que hay dos
torbellinos de materia etérea con distintas direcciones. Un grave
estaría sometido a la acción de ambos. El resultado, más posible,
sería que el movimiento fuera parabólico, en contra de lo
observado.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">EXPLICASE NUESTRA OPINIÓN SOBRE LA
CAUSA DE LA GRAVEDAD. Este capítulo XIII (sin proposiciones)
comienza exponiendo las enormes distancias que separan de la Tierra
al Sol, las Estrella fijas, otros Planetas, etc. Surge la pregunta
¿existe materia llenando todo este inmenso espacio sin encontrar un
sólo punto que no esté ocupado de la materia? Expone los criterios
de los sectarios de Cartesio y Gassendi. Una tercera postura, la de
Piquer, consiste en admitir que la materia que llena espacio
existente entre la Tierra y el firmamento es fluida. Los filósofos
llamaban celeste a esta materia. Se concibe ésta como fluido
extendiéndose desde la tierra hasta el firmamento o el empíreo.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">4. 4. Tratado <span lang="de-DE">IV</span>:
de los elementos.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo I se refiere a LOS
ELEMENTOS EN COMÚN. Distingue entre: elemento, cuerpo simple, cuerpo
mixto, cuerpo puramente mixto y cuerpo mixto organizado.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 42. Los elementos son: el
fuego, aire, agua y tierra. Estos cuatro son considerados como
necesarios para la conservación del Universo. No obstante, agrega
tres más: la luz, la sal y el aceite.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La luz es elemento (proposición 43).
Piquer razona así: “Su simplicidad es notoria, pues por ninguna
suerte de experimentos se ha hallado en ellas parte de distinta
naturaleza que la compongan; y aunque Newton halló rayos de
diferentes colores, no ha descubierto partes que compongan la luz
(…)” (p. 190).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 44. La sal es elemento. Se
refiere a la existencia de una sal primitiva cuyas partículas son
simples, agudas, sólidas y penetrantes. La sal primitiva se
encontraba esparcida por el aire, las aguas, y la tierra.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 45. El aceite es elemento.
Define éste particular aceite como un fluido, que tiene las
partecillas ramosas, simples y pegadizas, características que
permiten distinguirlo de los otros elementos. Forma parte, y es la
base, de los aceites naturales y artificiales.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 46. Los elementos son
ingenerables, e incorruptibles. Se apoya Piquer en la defensa que
abiertamente hace el P. Feijoo en su Teatro Crítico. Razón
fundamental que propone: la imposibilidad de engendrase y corromperse
los elementos, basada en la experiencia. Completan esta proposición
cuatro corolarios: A) Aunque con el agua, la tierra y el aire se
mezclen cuerpo extraños, siempre conservan su simplicidad. B) Los
elementos son la base de los cuerpos mixtos. C) Los elementos se
encuentran en los cuerpos mixtos conservando sus formas y
combinaciones. D) Los elementos ni se engendran ni se destruyen, sólo
aparecen o desaparecen.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo II Piquer escribe
exclusivamente DEL FUEGO y consta de once proposiciones.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 47. El fuego es un cuerpo
distinto de cualquiera otro. El fuego debe ser distinto de los otros
elementos, por tener unas propiedades muy diferentes a otros
elementos. En un escolio, recuerda que los Cartesianos creen que el
fuego consiste en el movimiento veloz y remolinado que tienen las
partes de la materia y, por tanto, cualquier cuerpo que tenga
partecillas en movimiento veloz y remolinado podrá convertirse en
fuego.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 48. El fuego está
insensiblemente esparcido por todas las partes del mundo elemental.
Entiende por mundo elemental el espacio que se extiende desde el
centro de la Tierra hasta la parte más suprema del aire. Este mundo
le supone lleno de fuego.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 49. El fuego se hace
sensible por la luz, calor y enrarecimiento de los cuerpos. El fuego
y la luz son dos elementos diferentes aunque están muy relacionados.
La luz aviva el fuego y el fuego excita la luz. El enrarecimiento es
señal de la presencia del fuego. La experiencia demuestra que, tanto
en los sólidos como en los fluidos, el fuego produce enrarecimiento.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 50. El fuego adquiere
estas afecciones que le hacen sensible por la <u>fricación</u> de
los cuerpos. Piquer incluye aquí dos corolarios. A) Cuanto mayor es
la dureza de los cuerpos, tanto es mayor la fuerza del fuego que se
produce en la <u>fricación</u> de ellos. B) Si el licor que se
mezcla es pegajoso, se impide la producción sensible del fuego,
porque introducido aquel, con facilidad, en los poros del sólido,
impide el movimiento.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 51. La presencia del Sol
en nuestro horizonte excitando la luz hace sensible el fuego. El Sol,
la luz y el fuego son tres cosas distintas entre <i>si</i> pero que
tienen correspondencia.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 52. El Sol no es verdadero
fuego.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 53. El fuego es el más
sutil de todos los cuerpos elementales. Ningún cuerpo resulta
impenetrable para el fuego.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 54. El fuego es un fluido
puesto en movimiento. Los cuerpo cercanos al fuego se calientan por
todas partes. La facilidad de introducirse en todos los lugares, solo
<i>pueden</i> explicarse por un veloz y continuo movimiento.
<br />Proposición 55. El fuego es elástico. El fuego y el aire son
los fluidos elásticos principales, los restantes cuerpos elásticos
los son por el concurso de éstos. Gravesande (1688-1742),
Musschenbrock (1692-1761) mostraron con experimentos esta propiedad
de los cuerpos elásticos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 56. El fuego no es grave.
La opinión de muchos filósofos manteniendo que el fuego es
absolutamente leve, pretendió desterrarla, entre otros, Robert Boyle
en su trabajo: Peso de la llama, basándose fundamentalmente, en el
hecho evidente de que los cuerpos, especialmente los metales,
aumentan de peso cuando se les calienta. Hecho confirmado por casi
todos los químicos y los físicos experimentales de aquella época.
El P. Feijoo en los discursos del Teatro Crítico y en las Cartas
Eruditas, hace objeciones a variados problemas de la física y
química del siglo que le tocó vivir y, a este particular, establece
que no solamente el fuego sino también la luz son pesados. Piquer
concluye que: “Su fluidez y elasticidad, su sutileza extrema, su
movilidad suma, su concurso necesario para el movimiento, y
operaciones de otros, son incompatibles con la gravedad (…)” (pp.
217-219).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 57. El fuego no se
engendra, ni se destruye. Afirma Piquer que una de las verdades más
importante de la Física establece que el fuego no es generable y es
incorruptible como los demás elementos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo III se denomina: EL CALOR
Y LA FRIALDAD. Piquer hace la siguiente clasificación: calor formal,
y radical; calor actual, y potencial.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 58. En el fuego no hay
calor formal. La percepción que tenemos por el fuego se denomina
calor. Si la aplicación de las partecillas del fuego es violenta no
sólo produce calor, sino aquella afección que llamamos quemadura.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 59. Sólo el fuego es el
calor radical o virtual. La experiencia enseña que el fuego es un
objeto externo capaz de producir el calor formal, luego es calor
radical o virtual. En el cuerpo humano hay una buena cantidad de
fuego, que causa el calor natural que en él se observa, pudiendo
sufrir alteraciones según el estado de su salud o enfermedad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 60. La frialdad radical es
el fuego. Algunos físicos de aquella época creían que la frialdad
formal viene de otras partecillas de una naturaleza y afecciones
opuestas a las del fuego. Según Piquer “la frialdad y el calor son
acciones opuestas, que a éste siempre acompaña un movimiento veloz,
y aquella tardo” (p. 229). Son acciones opuestas el movimiento, y
la quietud. La nieve, el hielo y los cuerpos muy fríos conservan
siempre alguna porción de fuego.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo IV titulado: EXPLÍCANSE
ALGUNAS DUDAS SOBRE LOS PRINCIPALES FENÓMENOS DE LA FRIALDAD, Y EL
CALOR, Piquer aclara y explica las dudas que pueden ofrecerse dentro
de este título.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El título del capítulo V: DE LA
PÓLVORA, Y <i>FÓSFOROS</i>, en la actualidad exigiría estar
integrado en un texto de Química.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Cuenta Piquer que la pólvora, como se
conoció inicialmente, estaba compuesta de cinco o seis partes de
salitre, una de azufre y otra de carbono. Se tiene por su primer
inventor Rogelio Bacon (c.1219-1292), filósofo natural inglés,
religioso franciscano. Créese que los chinos la descubrieron
millares de años antes que los europeos, pero no es menos cierto que
hasta R. Bacon nadie tuvo conocimiento de ella. El citado P. Feijoo
en los discursos de su Teatro Crítico, expone su opinión haciendo
resaltar que con esta invención la sociedad ha obtenido notables
beneficios.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Se cita en este tratado como fósforos
naturales a los de: la luciérnaga, las escamas de los peces, etc.
Como fósforos artificiales: refiere: la piedra de Bolonia, el de
Balduino y muchos otros que <i>ha</i> inventado químicos, entre
otros Hoffmann (1662-1742), químico y médico alemán. Boyle compone
un fósforo de la orina, el denominado fósforo inglés.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Este capítulo VI, trata: DEL RAYO,
RELÁMPAGO Y OTROS EFECTOS DEL FUEGO.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 61. El fuego del rayo está
en exhalaciones del salitre, betún, azufre y otras semejantes.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 62 El fuego del rayo se
hace sensible por el <u>fregamiento</u>. No es suficiente que la
atmósfera esté llena de fuego. Se necesita que, además, se haga
sensible por el calor y la luz.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 63. El rayo se forma en el
lugar donde se hace el fuego. Piquer que confirma y se adhiere al P.
Feijoo, escribe: “sus pruebas son sólidas, el modo con que
satisface a la experiencia común que se alega en contrario es
admirable, y el enlazamiento de noticias con que ilustra su discurso
es propia de un escritor erudito, y agradable. Repetiré aquí
algunas de sus razones, remitiendo al lector al Teatro Crítico,
donde podrá enterarse de este asunto” (p. 257).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 64 Los relámpagos son
verdaderos rayos. La diferencia esencial entre el relámpago y el
rayo estriba en que éste se forma en la parte inferior de la
atmósfera y aquel en la superior.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Continúa este tratado con el capítulo
VII: DE LOS FUEGOS SUBTERRÁNEOS. Piquer manifiesta que hay fuego
subterráneo, porque hay montes que en determinados momentos vomitan
fuego: el Etna en Sicilia, el Vesubio en el Reino de Nápoles, el
Yecla en Islandia.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 65. Los fuegos
subterráneos no arden siempre, sino solamente en ciertos tiempos.
Piquer concreta que: “el fuego solamente arde en los lugares donde
hay semejantes cuerpos <i>inflamable</i> y en lugares más cercanos
de la superficie de globo que en el centro” (p. 265).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 66. La opresión,
agitación y fregamiento de los azufres y otras materias inflamables
causan el fuego subterráneo. Se ha referido que el fregamiento y
violenta agitación de los</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">cuerpos excita en ellos el fuego y le
hace sensible. En el interior de la tierra debe ejercerse la máxima
opresión, debido a que cada cuerpo grave hace opresión sobre otro
más cercano al centro de la tierra. Como las circunstancias de la
opresión pueden ser variables de un lugar a otro e incluso variable
de un tiempo a otro, el vulcanismo se presenta en unos tiempos y no
en otros, y halla zonas peligrosamente volcánicas y otras no lo
sean.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 67. Los terremotos son
efectos del fuego subterráneo.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo VIII, último dedicado
al fuego: EXPLÍCANSE ALGUNAS DUDAS SOBRE EL FUEGO, y no consta de
proposiciones. Cuatro son las cuestiones que en él se plantean:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">¿Cómo se enciende y apaga el fuego?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">¿Por qué la llama sube hacia arriba y
guarda forma piramidal?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">¿Cómo se encienden los espejos
ustorios?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">¿Cómo se mantiene el equilibrio del
fuego?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el tratado IV Piquer hace un
análisis bastante extenso: DEL AGUA. Dedica al estudio de este
elemento seis capítulos, los especificados entre el IX titulado DE
LA AGUA (sic) y XIV, ambos inclusive. y que desarrolla en veintinueve
proposiciones, las comprendidas con los números 68 y 96.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 68. El agua es un fluido
universal.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 69. El agua entra en la
composición de todos los mixtos. Piquer cita en esta proposición,
que las experiencias realizadas por: Geofroy (167- 1731) químico
francés, con la plantas, Boerhaave con las sales, Mr. Homberg
(1642-1715), químico y médico francés con aceite, Helmont
(1579-1644), físico y filósofo natural, con el espíritu del vino,
demostraron la presencia de agua en los cuerpos mixtos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 70. El agua es
ingenerable, e incorruptible. De acuerdo con los conocimientos del
siglo XVIII, ningún experimento había podido comprobar que el agua
se engendrase de nuevo, solamente aparece o desaparece en sus varias
mutaciones. No se conocían fuerzas de la naturaleza que fueran
suficientes para engendrarla o hacerla desaparecer. Boyle había
hecho constar que cuando se destilaba agua en el fondo aparecía una
leve porción de tierra. Newton aprobó este suceso y confirmó,
junto con Boyle, que la tierra se había formado a partir de una
porción de agua. Piquer cita a Boerhaave quien “negó esta
transformación, y habiendo hecho los mismos experimentos le pareció
que el aire contenido en los vasos en que se <span lang="de-DE">hacía</span>
la destilación bastaba para dar aquella cantidad de tierra,(...) Y
concluye que con ningún experimento se había justamente probado
hasta ahora la transmutación del agua en tierra” (p. 279).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 71. El agua por <span style="font-style: normal;">si</span>
sola no puede alimentar los cuerpos fluidos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 72. El agua es la
distribuidora del mantenimiento en las plantas y animales</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 73. El agua no puede
comprimirse. Musschenbroek, P. van (1692-1761), físico holandés y
Robert Boyle, confirmaron mediante una serie de experimentos que el
agua no puede disminuirse a menor espacio, ni comprimirse.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 74. El agua no es
caliente, ni fría por si.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo X: DEL MAR, Piquer hace
un estudio de la inmensa mole de las aguas, que cubren las tres
cuartas partes de la Tierra, lugar donde ocurren sobresalientes,
maravillosos y espectaculares fenómenos de la naturaleza.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 75. Explícanse las ondas
del mar. El origen se justifica en la opresión que hace sobre un
punto de ella el peso del aire y las facilidades que tiene, como
fluido que es, a ceder a cualquier causa que la impele. En el punto
donde esto suceda se producirá un ahondamiento que obliga a elevarse
el agua en el punto vecino. Esta elevación de agua por su propio
peso intenta bajar hasta ponerse al mismo nivel de la otra, a su vez
este impulso empuja el agua inmediata y la levanta, continuando una
sucesión de olas. Concluye que la formación de las ondas del mar
son consecuencia de la gravedad y el movimiento de los fluidos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 76. El mar es salado desde
su formación. Piquer, mantiene que es más verosímil admitir que la
sal como elemento es universal estando en ellos desde su formación.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 77. Explícase la
evaporación del mar. En la Naturaleza nada sucede con más
frecuencia que la evaporación. Partiendo de la idea del fuego y el
aire como dos elementos, se considera que ellos son los responsables
de dividir el agua en partecillas tan pequeñas que se hacen más
leves que las del aire y pueden levantarse sobre él. Está claro que
la evaporación debe ser <span lang="de-DE">continua</span>,
inmediata e inmensa.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 78. Explícase el flujo, y
el reflujo del mar. En el libro Física Moderna (...) se cita la
obra: La Nueva descripción del Orbe de la Tierra (1681) del
valenciano J. V. del Olmo (1611- 1696), en el que describe los
movimientos de fluidos que tienen lugar en todo el orbe. El flujo y
reflujo del mar son los movimientos que más admiraban los filósofos
de aquellos tiempos. Los movimientos crecientes y menguantes del mar
han sido objeto de muchas apuestas teóricas, pretendiendo descubrir
su origen. Una de éstas, aceptada en su época, fue la de Cartesio,
expuesta en su libro Principios filosóficos. Piquer la considera muy
ingeniosa y la <i>resume</i> en su Física (pp. 294-295). Sin
embargo, precisa Piquer que Cartesio pide aceptar presupuestos que
nadie puede conceder, uno de ellos que: “el movimiento de la Tierra
lo fundamenta en el sistema de Copérnico (1473-1543) prohibido en
Roma en 1633” (p.298).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 79. Propónese nuestra
opinión (de Piquer) sobre las causas del flujo y reflujo. Supongo,
interpela Piquer, que el fondo de los mares no es liso como así lo
aseguran los buzos que bajan a la pesca del coral y de las perlas.
Admite también que la Luna hace mayor opresión sobre los cuerpos
inferiores en la conjunción y oposición con el Sol, que en los
cuartos, por estar más cercana a la tierra o porque, estando el Sol
iluminando todo su hemisferio en ambos tiempos la fuerza del Sol hace
mayor su atmósfera y comprimiendo ésta por su mayor extensión, la
de la Tierra, le sigue en esta mayor opresión (..). Admitidos todos
estos supuestos, digo que: las causas próximas e inmediatas del
flujo y reflujo del mar son el fuego y el aire, y las remotas el Sol
y la Luna.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo XI Piquer informa: DE
LAS NUBES, LLUVIAS, ROCÍOS, GRANIZO, etc.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 80. Las nubes son agua más
densa que la del aire sereno y más enrarecida que la de la Tierra.
Define Piquer las nubes como: agua que se levanta sobre el aire de la
superficie de los mares, y de la tierra.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 81. Las lluvias suceden
por la unión de muchas partículas del agua que hay en el aire.
Cuando las partecillas que forman el agua que hay en el aire se unen
entre si, de manera tal que el fuego las mantiene separadas ocupando
una mole mucho mayor que su masa, o lo que es lo mismo entre ellas
existe un gran espacio, surgen las nubes. Si esta partecillas al
unirse resultan más pesadas que el aire, se origina la lluvia.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 82. Explícanse las causas
de algunas lluvias extraordinarias. Informa Piquer que:
principalmente la ignorancia de la Física y la inclinación a lo
maravilloso, fabuloso y facilidad de creencias son las circunstancias
principales de tales lluvias.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 83. Explícase la
formación del rocío, y de la niebla. Explica el doctor aragonés
que cuando levanta el Sol, muchos vapores de agua se sostienen
mientras dura su actividad. Si ésta causa tal enrarecimiento que ha
permitido que los vapores suban y se condensen a cierta altura, se
formaran las nubes. Pero si éstas no suceden así, es decir el
enrarecimiento no ha permitido que se formen las nubes, cuando el Sol
se acerca al horizonte, suele suceder que le antecede un vientecillo,
que los antiguos llamaban Aura, condensándose los vapores de la
región inferior de la atmósfera, cayendo en forma de rocío sobre
las plantas. Las nieblas se forman a partir del agua que hay en la
atmósfera que reducida a vapores se condensa a una altura mayor que
la del rocío y menor que las nubes.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 84. Explícase la
formación de la nieve y granizo. Aquí narra la formación de estos
dos fenómenos meteorológicos. La primera es agua condensada en el
aire, siendo la consecuencia inmediata mayor cantidad de aire en la
nieve que puede, a su vez, quedar contaminada con otros vapores y
sales. El agua de la nieve es como una lejía hecha de sales y agua
de la atmósfera, por la misma razón puede resultar beneficiosa a la
agricultura. Las nieves permanentes que se forman en las cumbres de
las montañas se explican a partir de que en lo alto de la atmósfera
la fuerza del fuego disminuye debido al enrarecimiento, contribuyendo
a que la nieve se forme más rápidamente y se conserve durante
tiempo. En algunas ocasiones sucede que habiendo en las cimas fuego
de fuerza muy disminuida, si llega una corriente de aire muy frío,
procedente del Norte, el agua se condensa y se convierte en hielo. Si
cayendo se encuentra con zonas de la atmósfera más calurosas, el
hielo se derrite y aparecen gotas grandes que ocasionan los
<u>turbiones</u>. Si, por el contrario, el agua congelada, pasa por
regiones que están muy frías, a ella se incorpora más agua que se
congela súbitamente, haciendo crecer el tamaño de la masa de hielo,
originándose el granizo.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">DE LOS POZOS es el título del capítulo
XII. Los filósofos, tanto antiguos como modernos, convienen en que
hay agua en las entrañas de la tierra, como dan testimonio de ello
los pozos, las fuentes y las minas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 85. Explícanse los
pareceres de algunos sobre la formación del globo terráqueo. Expone
Piquer las diversas teorías sobre la formación de la Tierra. Thomás
Burnet (1635-1715), teólogo y geólogo ingles, autor del libro
<span lang="de-DE">Teoría</span> Sagrada de la Tierra, expone, desde
un punto de vista teológico su sistema, considerando un mundo
terrenal perfectamente llano, sin montes, sin ríos, sin mares y que
no los hubo hasta después del diluvio. J. Wodvard (1665-1728),
geólogo inglés, supone la disolución de la Tierra con el diluvio y
que las conchas marítimas, y peces empedernecidos que se hallan en
algunos montes y concavidades de la Tierra son restos del diluvio
universal.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 86. El diluvio de Noé fue
universal. Algunos no aceptan que fuese universal y lo consideran
particular a Judea o Palestina. Atendiendo a los caracteres con que
se halla descrito, afirman muchos filósofos que no fue especial de
ninguna provincia sino universal, “cuya memoria quedó en los
descendientes de Noé, y desfiguraron, y llenaron de fábulas los
gentiles, especialmente los griegos, al modo que acostumbraban en
otros asuntos” (p. 323).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 87. Las conchas, y peces
<u>empedernecidos</u> que hay en los montes y debajo de la tierra son
reliquias del diluvio universal. Escritores antiguos y modernos han
relatado historias <i>sobre</i><span lang="de-DE"><i>s</i></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">estos hallazgos. Entre los modernos
destaca Scheuchzer (1672-1735), llamado Plinio el suizo, historiador
natural, especializado en el estudio de los fósiles.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 88. Explícase el origen
de los pozos y fuentes. Una de las hipótesis formuladas, quizás la
más antigua, presupone que en el centro del globo terráqueo existe
un gran abismo, depósito de una inmensa cantidad de agua. Supone
también, que en el océano existen conductos que van desde el fondo
del mar hasta el centro de la tierra. Piquer deduce que: los pozos y
fuentes tienen como causas cercanas las lluvias, rocíos, nieves,
nieblas y otras aguas de la atmósfera, y por origen más apartado
los mares. Piquer hace sus conjeturas sobre la formación de los
pozos y fuentes de la ciudad de Valencia y sus cercanías. En cuanto
al lago la Albufera confirma que se hace de innumerables pequeñas
fuentes que causan las lluvias que caen en las llanuras superiores,
siendo la situación del lago el lugar más bajo de todo el llano, su
suelo es arenoso. En la ciudad de Valencia y sus cercanías los pozos
son poco profundos porque el lecho de arena se encuentra inmediato al
de la tierra pingue y untuosa que forma la primera corteza. En los
montes no sucede igual, suelen ser de mayor profundidad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo XIII trata: DE LAS AGUAS
MEDICINALES. A éstas se les llaman <b>acedas</b>, debido a su sabor
específico, pero existen aguas frías que no son <b>acedas</b>. Las
medicinales calientes se llaman termas. Piquer se refiere a Hoffmann
(1660-1742), químico y médico alemán, quien se distinguió en el
estudio terapéutico de las aguas minerales. <br />Proposición 89.
Explícase el calor de las termas. Para Piquer el calor procede de la
mezcla de sales, azufres, tierras y otras materias semejantes.
Precisa que Roberto Boyle en su Mecánica de la producción del frío
y calor, prueba estas afirmaciones con numerosos experimentos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 90. Explícase el modo de
examinar los minerales que llevan las termas. Menciona Piquer que: en
las fronteras del Reino de Murcia, cerca de la ciudad de Orihuela,
están las termas de Archena, muy calientes que echan olor de azufre.
Es fácil reconocer su presencia en las aguas por el olor
desagradable, o por el ennegrecimiento que dan a los vasos de plata.
Las termas también contienen ordinariamente hierro.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 91. Explícase el modo de
examinar las aguas medicinales Es recomendable examinar la tierra que
queda hecha la evaporación.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 92. Pruébase la utilidad
de las aguas medicinales. Comenta Piquer que ciertas fuentes
minerales pueden ser provechosas para curar algunas enfermedades.
Prosigue citando las</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">fuentes de que se encuentran en el
Reino de Valencia. Entre las termales destaca las de Montanejos, y la
de Villavieja en el Marquesado de Nules. Refiere: la Vellá, (...)
una legua distante de la <span lang="de-DE">Villa</span> de Catí,
(...) y otras que tomadas en buena cantidad, y con orden debido,
harán el mismo efecto que las de la Villavieja, y la Vellá.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo XIV se refiere al USO DE
LAS AGUAS. Confirma que los médicos siempre han estado solícitos en
examinar la bondad de las aguas, y han <i>realizados</i> diferentes
pruebas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 93. El mayor o menor peso
de las aguas no prueba su bondad. La idea de que el agua es mejor
cuanto es menos pesada es muy discutida. El P. Feijoo había
advertido que esta prueba es poco segura. Piquer comprobó
experimentalmente que las aguas de las fuentes de Lentisco, de la
<b>Vellá</b>, del río Mijares y otras fuentes y ríos del Reino de
Valencia, son más graves que las del Grao y las de la Mediana y, sin
embargo, estas son muy inferiores en calidad.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 94. Propónese el modo de
examinar las aguas. Piquer aconseja tres pruebas para calificar la
bondad de las aguas. Primera, la impresión que hacen en la lengua.
La segunda prueba consiste en el conocimiento previo que se tenga del
terreno, atmósfera y clima del lugar donde nacen y del suelo por
donde en su recorrido pasan. Finalmente, la tercera, relaciona la
bondad de las aguas con el temperamento de los sujetos que la beben.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 95. El agua de las fuentes
es mejor que la de las lluvias, y ríos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 96. El agua de balsa no es
tan buena como la de los pozos.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">DE LA EXISTENCIA, Y NATURALEZA DEL
AIRE. Comienza en este capítulo XV escribiendo: “por aire entiendo
un cuerpo que por ser fluido es elástico, sutil y ramoso, que ocupa
todo el espacio comprendido entre la tierra y la Luna” (p. 355).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 97. El aire es cuerpo
fluido sutilísimo. El aire es un fluido porque la resistencia que
opone a ser dividido es prácticamente nula. Es sutil por su
capacidad de penetración, capaz de encontrarse en las cavernas más
hondas de la tierra y hállase en la mayor profundidad de las minas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 98. El aire es elástico.
Son numerosos los experimentos que se pueden realizar para demostrar
la fuerza que tiene el aire comprimido para extenderse y ocupar su
primitivo lugar cuando cesa la causa de la opresión. Cuenta Piquer,
entre otros ejemplos, el fundamento en la escopeta neumática. Entre
los instrumentos que sirven para demostrar la fuerza elástica del
aire, describe la máquina neumática inventada por Otto von de
Guericke (1602-1685).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 99. La causa de la virtud
elástica del aire es el fuego. Este elemento, por antonomasia, es el
elemento elástico del mundo universal. Comunicada esta fuerza
elástica al aire, hace que concurran en éste sus propiedades
elásticas produciendo notables efectos en la naturaleza.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 100. El aire es pesado.
Esta afirmación ya la demostró Aristóteles con un experimento
donde resultaba que el odre es más pesado estando lleno de aire que
vacío. Piquer en su Física, precisa que la experiencia de
Torricelli (1608-1647), fue la prueba evidente de que el aire es
pesado.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Este capítulo XVI: DE LOS FENÓMENOS
DE LA FLUIDEZ, PESO Y FUERZA ELÁSTICA DEL AIRE, est<span lang="de-DE">á</span>
numerado con error, aparece como XIII. Por la fluidez y elasticidad
justifica el modo de sacarse vino de un barril por medio de un tubo
de goma. Los antiguos veían estos efectos y se conformaban con
atribuirlos al miedo del vacío. Los newtonianos los atribuían a las
fuerzas de atracción. El trueno es considerado como uno de los
fenómenos más espectaculares de la naturaleza, atribuible a la
fuerza <i>elásticas</i> de aire.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El siguiente capítulo: XVII DE LA
ATMÓSFERA, no tiene proposiciones. Piquer se refiere a la atmósfera
como aquel espacio que contiene los vapores y exhalaciones mezclados
con el aire. Una inmensa copia de agua se evapora de los mares y se
comunica al aire. En ningún lugar, ni en ningún tiempo está el
aire sin agua. También se encuentran los vapores y exhalaciones que
se levantan de cuantos cuerpos hay en la tierra. En cuanto a las
calenturas epidémicas que por el mes de febrero afectan a la
población de Valencia conjetura que nacen principalmente de la
atmósfera.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Después de la atmósfera, en el
capítulo XVIII trata: DE LOS VIENTOS. Define el viento como un
movimiento sensible del aire. Puede este movimiento venir de
cualquier parte. Los navegantes consideran su origen en treinta y dos
lugares, dividiendo la circunferencia de direcciones en otros tantos
ángulos. Cita Piquer al P. Tosca como experto en matemáticas,
física y astronomía, para una más exhaustiva información.
<br />Proposición 101. Se refiere en esta proposición a: La luz, los
vapores, y el fuego son las causas de los vientos. De las
experiencias realizadas con el espejo <u>ustorio</u> deduce que la
luz mueve los objetos, puesto que uno de ellos puesto en el foco del
espejo, libre de la fuerza del aire, la comunicación de la luz le
hace moverse con manifiesta vibración. Los vapores pueden excitar
los vientos, porque empujando el aire, le obliga a ceder su fuerza y
ésta es la causa de los vientos. El fuego puede causar los vientos
dilatando el aire.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 102. El Sol y la Luna son
las causas remotas de los vientos. El Sol excita el fuego, levanta
los vapores y hace vibrar la luz. La Luna oprime el aire y las aguas,
y hace más viva la operación del fuego. Pueden, por tanto, poner en
acción las causas próximas del fuego. Éste y la luz son las causas
próximas, esenciales, para originar los vientos quedando el Sol y la
Luna como las causas remotas de los vientos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 103. Explícanse los
fenómenos principales de los vientos. Aquí se exponen la influencia
que pueden los montes, mares, valles y otras muchas cosas propias, en
particular las de cada clima, en las causas de los vientos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 104. Explícanse las
propiedades de los vientos. Se refiere aquí, fundamentalmente a la
humedad. Advierte Piquer que los vientos según su grado de humedad
pueden resultar, a las plantas o los animales, saludables o nocivos,
dependiendo también del temperamento del sujeto. “En Valencia los
vientos de poniente son secos y calientes, perjudiciales a los que
tienen el cerebro dispuesto a la inflamación. Los vientos orientales
son húmedos, nocivos para los flemáticos y fríos. Tres factores
son determinantes de estos resultados: los lugares por donde pasa el
viento, la calidad y cantidad de los diversos vapores que recibe y el
temperamento de los sujetos en que obra” (pp. 384-385).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El capítulo XIX trata DE LOS EFECTOS
DEL AIRE EN EL CUERPO HUMANO. Este título no contiene proposiciones
específicas. Los físicos antiguos se preguntaban <i>qu</i><span lang="de-DE"><i>é</i></span>
contenía el aire para ser tan necesario para la vida de las plantas
y de los animales. En principio se llegó a considerar como la más
plausible respuesta, aceptar que en el aire había una gran copia de
salitre que comunicada al cuerpo <span lang="de-DE">hacía</span>
correr con mayor velocidad la sangre por los pulmones. Cita Piquer al
erudito Dr. Martínez como defensor de esta opinión, pero insinúa
que no puede probarse por experiencia la existencia de este salitre
en el aire. Piquer escribe: “Yo juzgo que en ninguna parte del
cuerpo humano es más veloz el curso de la sangre que en los pulmones
y, consiguientemente que el aire sirve para contener y refrenar la
impetuosa circulación que hace la sangre por ellos, pero no
aumentarla (...)” (p 386).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">DE LA TIERRA, es el último capítulo
del tratado cuarto. Los tres elementos: aire, fuego y agua son
fluidos. Éste que ahora tratamos: la tierra, se une a los anteriores
en la formación de los cuerpos mixtos para otorgarles a éstos la
cualidad de la dureza. Como sucede con el agua y el aire, este
elemento: la tierra, difícilmente se halla pura. <span lang="de-DE">Especifica</span>
que la <b>greda</b> no es <b>arcilla</b>. Ésta es la que los latinos
llamaron <b>argilla</b>, y aquella <b>creta</b>., “y en España se
han distinguido comúnmente estas tierras, dándolas diversos nombres
correspondientes a los latinos, y sin equivocarlas, como se ve en los
significados diferentes que dan a aquellas voces Covarrubias y
Antonio de Nebrija” (p. 390). Sobre la <b>arena</b>, escribe Piquer
que él ha visto con un microscopio arenas diferentes y ha observado
“en los colores, y en la textura de sus partes una semejanza grande
con el <b>cristal</b> pero ninguna con las tierras” (p. 391).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">4.5. Tratado <span lang="de-DE">V</span>:
de las piedras.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Este tratado debería estar integrado,
según nuestra opinión, en un libro de Geología o de Ciencias
Naturales, pero se puede justificar al aceptar la definición de
Física establecida en el tratado</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">II. De los cinco que consta el libro de
Piquer éste es el más corto, consta de cuatro capítulos que en el
texto original abarcan 32 páginas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el capítulo I: DE LA GENERACIÓN DE
LAS PIEDRAS dice Piquer: “Los físicos llaman piedras, ciertos
cuerpos puramente mixtos, duros, firmes y sólidos, que no se estiran
con los golpes del martillo, ni se funden al fuego” (p..393).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Proposición 105. Muchas piedras fueron
formadas en la creación del mundo. <br />En la proposición 106:
explícase la generación de las piedras comunes, clasifica Piquer
las piedras en comunes y preciosas. Se refiere el Dr. Piquer a la
fuente de la Esperanza de la ciudad de Segorbe, en la que el agua
cargada de tierra <u>gredosa</u> deja en los conductos artificiales
una costra de piedra que los cerraría si no se limpian. El amianto
lo define como una piedra filamentosa que se halla en los Pirineos y
en el valle de Campan. Se pueden con ellas formar telas que resisten
la furia del fuego. Otra es la piedra pómez que arrojan los
volcanes, siendo esponjosa, liviana y rala, flota sobre las aguas del
mar. Incluye entre las piedras comunes el mármol, piedra común muy
estimable por su dureza, hermosura y variedad de colores, que se
encuentra en el Reino de Valencia y en otras partes de España.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">A la explicación de la formación de
piedras preciosas le dedica la proposición 107. En él recurre a las
pruebas experimentales que realizó Thomas Brown. Cita el cristal de
rocas, que se forma ordinariamente en la hendeduras de las montañas.
Es muy verosímil, confirma Piquer, que la figura de las partículas
contribuya mucho a la variedad, y formación de los cuerpos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En la proposición 108: explícase la
generación de las piedras figuradas que las define.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">La proposición 109 la dedica a
explicar: la formación del coral y las perlas. <br />El capítulo II
trata: DEL CRECIMIENTO DE LAS PIEDRAS.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer como médico en el capítulo
III: DE LAS VIRTUDES DE LAS PIEDRAS se muestra muy cauto. Escribe:
“No se puede en general negarles alguna virtud a las piedras para
ciertas dolencias (...). <span lang="de-DE"><i>Mas</i></span> es
cierto que el mal uso de la experiencia ha hecho atribuir a las
piedras muchas falsas virtudes y propiedades” (p. 410).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El cuarto y último capítulo: DEL
IMÁN, contiene tres proposiciones: explícanse las causas de estas
propiedades del imán (112)); explícanse por estas causas los
efectos del imán (113); y examínense algunas maravillas del imán
(114). Piquer define el imán como: “una piedra, densa, no muy
pesada, de color negro, pardo o azul obscuro, y se halla en las minas
de hierro y cobre". Dice Piquer que es verdad que en algunos
lugares la aguja de la brújula declina un poco hacia el Este y otras
hacia el Oeste. Se han formado tablas con los valores de estas
declinaciones. Cita nuevamente a Vicente del Olmo, cuya obra más
importante es la titulada Nueva descripción del orbe de la Tierra
(1681) en la que se encuentran tablas de las declinaciones,
importantes para la navegación.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">5. Las claves del libro.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Destacamos del libro de Piquer como
puntos significativos, en nuestra opinión, los siguientes:</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Emplea el contenido de la Física en su
concepto más amplio incluyendo toda la Naturaleza, seres animados e
inanimados, su disposición, orden y leyes que los gobiernan.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Anuncia un segundo tomo, con la idea
puesta en tratar de: los animales, las plantas, los metales y
minerales, y los cielos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Destaca la importancia y utilidad de la
Física.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Incluye, además de los cuatro
elementos de <i>Anxágoras</i>: agua, aire, fuego y tierra, tres más: la
luz, la sal y el aceite.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Discute, sin desterrarla, la filosofía
aristotélica, anunciando su inutilidad para explicar nuevos
conocimientos científicos, sustituyéndola por nuevos modelos
filosóficos.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Utiliza y demuestra conocer, unas veces
para discutir y otras para afirmar, las teorías, experimentos y
opiniones de: filósofos antiguos, anteriores al sigo XV, y modernos,
pertenecientes a los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Opina sobre las doctrinas de los
filósofos sistemáticos (Descartes, Gassendi y Newton), filósofos
experimentadores (Boyle, Boerhaave), filósofos corpusculares
(Leucipo, Demócrito).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Argumenta su catolicismo apoyándose en
los escritos de: San <span lang="de-DE">Agustín</span> y Santo
Tomás; las doctrinas de los concilios Lateranenses; las encíclicas
de los papas: Benedicto XIV y Clemente XIV. (El pontificado de estos
Papas abarca toda la vida de Piquer).</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer en sus opiniones practica la
filosofía ecléctica.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Aplicó la filosofía mecanicista a la
anatomía del cuerpo humano, de la que después abjuró por
considerarla materialista, según consta en el Discurso del
Mecanismo, publicado en 1768.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El libro está dedicado
fundamentalmente a los alumnos de las facultades de medicina.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Consideró las matemáticas necesarias
para el estudio y el progreso de la física, pero le resultan poco
útiles las complejas demostraciones (Newton, Bernoulli, l’Hospital)
para explicar hechos naturales descubiertos en los que la
experimentación se muestra más eficaz para ayudar a la razón en la
formulación de juicios.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">No utiliza en el libro la formulación
matemática.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">En el texto son frecuentes las
alusiones al P. Feijoo, principalmente a los discursos relacionados
con las ciencias de la obra Teatro Crítico Universal y también las
Cartas Eruditas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Los experimentos de los denominados
jesuitas científicos (P. Regnault) son mencionados reiteradamente.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">No <i>acepto</i> la teoría de
Copérnico, por estar prohibida por la iglesia Católica, pero que
comenzaba a ser aceptada por personalidades de la Ciencia como el P.
Zaragoza jesuita, y el P. Tomás V. Tosca.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer dominaba las lenguas clásicas,
particularmente el latín, que utilizaba para la lectura de los
textos de los filósofos antiguos. Escribió en latín la mayoría de
sus obras de medicina.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Su Física moderna (...) está
considerada como el primer texto de esta materia escrito en español.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">El reino de Valencia es el más citado
en el texto y al que Piquer aplica sus conocimientos de Física,
fundamentalmente en aquello relativo a: pozos, fuentes, río Turia,
aguas medicinales y termales, aguas subterráneas, epidemias,
piedras, terremotos, etc.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Piquer publicó en el mismo año que su
libro unas Cartas apologéticas, en contestación a un folleto
anónimo que apareció criticando su Física.<br /><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">Referencias bibliográficas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;"><br />AYALA, J. (1996). Andrés Piquer
(1711- 1772). Colección Filósofos y Textos. Madrid: Orto, pp. 21.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">FEIJOO, B. J. (1676). Teatro Crítico
Universal. Discurso decimocuarto. De lo que sobra y falta en la
enseñanza de la Medicina. Madrid, t.7, párrafos 22 y 23.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">GONZÁLEZ, J. Mª (1857). D. Andrés
Piquer. Su vida y su obra. (Discurso leído en la Universidad
Central). Madrid: Imp. de D. Pedro Covillas.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">LÓPEZ PIÑERO, J. Mª.; GLICK, F,;
NAVARRO BROTONS, V.; PORTELA MARCO. E. (1983). Diccionario histórico
de la ciencia moderna en España. Barcelona: Edit. Península, v.I.
pp. 411-414.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">MARTINEZ, J. A.T. (AZORÍN) (1997).
<span lang="de-DE">V</span>alencia. Valencia: edit. Biblioteca Nueva.
(Publicado bajo el patrocinio de la Generalitat Valenciana), pp.
178-180.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">MENÉNDEZ PELAYO, M. (1944). La Ciencia
Española . Madrid: C.S.I.C., v. II, pp. 279-355.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">MINDAN, M. (1991). Andrés Piquer
(Filosofía y Medicina en la España del siglo XVIII). Zaragoza:
Librería General. Zaragoza, p.17.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">PESET Y CERVERA, V. (1934). Andrés
Piquer (Recuerdo apologético de la excelsa figura del siglo XVIII).
Valencia: Imp. Hijo de F. Vives Mora, p.27. <br />PIQUER, A. (1745).
Física Moderna, Racional y Experimental. Valencia: Oficina de
Pascual García. Valencia: Imp. Hijo de F. Vives.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">PIQUER, A. (2001). Física moderna,
racional y experimental. Edición facsímil. Valladolid: Editorial
Maxtor.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-family: verdana;">SANVISENS, A. (1953). Un médico
filósofo español del siglo XVIII, el doctor Andrés Piquer.
Barcelona: C.S.I.C. Instituto Luis Vives de Filosofía.</span></div>
<br />Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44650 Fórnoles, Teruel, España40.8933387 -0.003788699999972777740.8873372 -0.013873699999972778 40.899340200000005 0.0062963000000272225tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-9254260986146862122020-01-26T03:58:00.001-08:002020-02-16T00:57:10.877-08:00Lo tonto del poble (en chapurriau)<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Se conte que a <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2018/07/venteta-valdeltormo-calaceite.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calaseit</a>, un <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">poble del Matarraña</a>, <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=veleta" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un corret de persones</a> se divertíe en <a href="http://carlosrallobadet.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo tonto del poble</a>, un <a href="http://xarxes.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pobre infelís</a>, de <a href="http://loreguer.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">poca inteligénsia</a>, que vivíe fen recadets a cambi de una simple <b>moneda</b>.
<br /><br />Diariamén, algúns <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=homens" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">homens</a> quirdaben al <a href="http://construccionesginer.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tonto</a> al <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=bar+plaza" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">bar aon se ajuntáen</a> y li oferíen triá entre dos <b>monedes</b>: la una de mida gran de 400 reals y l´atra mes minuda, de 2000 <b>reals</b>. Ell sempre triabe la mes gran y de menos valor, lo que <a href="http://cachondeotomaset.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">feie riure a tots</a>.
<br /><br />Un día, algú que aguaitáe al grupet divertínse en <a href="http://finestro.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo inossén home</a>, lo va quirdá apart y li va preguntá si encara no sen habíe acatat de que la moneda mes gran valíe menos, y éste li va contestá: <br /><br />U sé, <a href="http://lafranja.net/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">no soc tan tonto</a>, la moneda gran val sing vegades menos, pero lo día que tría la menuda, lo joc s´acabará y no me emportaré mes monedes.
<br /><br />Esta história podríe acabá aquí, pero no.
<br /><br />Lo primé: Qui pareix tonto, no sempre u es.
<br /><br />Lo segón: <a href="http://ascuma.org/wordpress/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Una ambissió sense mida</a> pot acabá tallán <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=fuente" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">la teua fon</a> de ingresos.
<br /><br />Pero <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=interesante" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo mes interesán</a> es que:
<a href="https://podemos.info/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Podém</a> está be, encara que los atres no tinguen una bona opinió sobre natres <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=meseix" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mateixos</a>.
Per tan, lo que importe no es lo que penson de natros, sino lo que un pense de ell mateix.
<br /><a href="http://aguelosebeta.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lo verdadé home inteligén</a>, es lo que aparente sé tonto dabán de <a href="http://carlosrallobadet.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un tonto que aparente sé inteligén</a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/12/carlos-rallo-badet-calaseit-disenado-coches.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Lo tonto del poble (en chapurriau), Calaseit, Matarranya, Matarraña, Teruel, Terol" border="0" data-original-height="309" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvoMrgTiBJU4M16dI8vvzFoXh5LY6fmx-zsMDigpCFFBnDJaMLDtl6aX3yHAsmu4SEMLsA_2oKRKo1r1qDEc5N-CSM3cXFteSaZV2Wqdht_l_tYq1vbCtyTqnA-u9me5Laj7XLjNCTgkcA/s1600/carlos-rallo-badet-baturro-montaje.jpg" title="Lo tonto del poble (en chapurriau), Calaseit, Matarranya, Matarraña, Teruel, Terol" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comCalle Mayor, 4, 44610 Calaceite, Teruel, España41.0160556 0.1879415999999309920.3198466 -41.120652400000068 61.7122646 41.49653559999993tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-91122624510773684122020-01-12T07:11:00.000-08:002020-01-12T07:28:47.446-08:00Teruel, donde la cultura también existe<a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20200112/472840184845/teruel-donde-la-cultura-tambien-existe.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20200112/472840184845/teruel-donde-la-cultura-tambien-existe.html</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">El <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">escritor Javier Sierra</a>, la <a href="http://www.ieturolenses.org/revista_turia/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">revista ‘Turia’</a>, el parque <b>Dinópolis</b>, la riqueza <b>mudéjar</b> o <b>Buñuel</b>, algunos de los atractivos de la provincia.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.lavanguardia.com/autores/mario-sasot.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.lavanguardia.com/autores/mario-sasot.html</a> (catalanista acérrimo, director de <a href="https://tempsdefranja.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Temps de Franja del meu cul</a>)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Valderrobres, Teruel, donde la cultura también existe" border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1235" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYFVEJn3_9wfXliR_PeZ3SN4u4bzfU6Qg2XI6nioE3U939680a0qdcR0rKOM4lK7ue7_ZC6KzorRJNEIRtpvi-6fgghAm15uH_2lhxZcndU662rFbYT502-owqxl5vEBHXYCq0QnGJwJC6/s640/valderrobres-teruel-puente.jpg" title="Valderrobres, Teruel, donde la cultura también existe" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">¿Puede una provincia aislada y devastada por una sangría migratoria constante tener una vida cultural activa diversa y potente que en ocasiones trasciende sus propios límites?
La respuesta a este fenómeno puede ayudar a entender también el del movimiento Teruel Existe, donde un pequeño David ha salido airoso pese haber sido atacado por un Goliat político y mediático descomunal tras haber saltado sus límites locales y ser fundamental para la formación de un gobierno.
El escritor turolense Javier Sierra, premio Planeta 2017 e hijo predilecto de su ciudad, afirma que “los de Teruel sabemos convertir un problema en virtud, como se ha demostrado con nuestra reacción a las últimas campañas de boicot que hemos sabido revertir creando la etiqueta Yo voy a Teruel, de enorme éxito”.
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Esta actitud de crecerse ante la adversidad la comparte <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Carlos_Ma%C3%ADcas" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raúl Carlos Maicas</a>, fundador y director de la <b>revista Turia</b>. Nacida en Teruel en 1983, ha acabado siendo un referente de la cultura y la crítica literarias de todo el mundo hispanohablante, siendo comparada por algunos con la mítica Revista de Occidente.
“A diferencia de mis compañeros de pupitre universitario, que terminaron marchándose para no volver, decidí quedarme en Teruel y contribuir a cambiar las cosas en mi ciudad, en la que no existían demasiadas opciones como agitador cultural”, explica Maicas. “En el fondo queríamos demostrar que es posible hacer una revista cultural de difusión nacional e internacional desde un lugar que no fuera Madrid o Barcelona”, concluye.
Director de ‘Turia’
“Demostramos que es posible una gran revista desde un lugar que no es Madrid o <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Barchinona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barcelona</a>”
De la capital nos vamos a uno de los rincones más bellos de la provincia, Albarracín, donde desde hace 23 años trabaja la Fundación Santa María, un caso ejemplar e insólito, que se estudia en varias universidades, de proyecto de desarrollo integral y de lucha contra la despoblación y el desempleo, con la actividad cultural y la preservación del patrimonio local como ejes vertebradores.
Su director, Antonio Jiménez, nos explica sus campos de acción. “En primer lugar nos dedicamos a la restauración y recuperación del patrimonio mueble e inmueble que se hallaba en grave estado de ruina hace tres décadas. Luego tratamos de activarlo organizando conciertos, exposiciones, conferencias, congresos, etcétera. Y por último gestionamos las infraestructuras que permiten su funcionamiento y que generan 20 puestos de trabajo estables”.</span>
La Fundación Santa María gestiona 14 infraestructuras culturales, entre las que se encuentran
la catedral, el castillo, el museo de Albarracín y el diocesano, y varias casas señoriales. Entre las actividades que realizan anualmente destacan un taller de fotografía impartido por Gervasio Sánchez, y el ya clásico taller de restauración.
Jiménez piensa que las labores de la fundación han contribuido decisivamente al crecimiento de la ciudad. “En estos años, se han abierto en Albarracín 14 nuevos hoteles. Ahora nos preocupan las masificaciones puntuales. No querríamos matar la gallina de los huevos de oro”. Otro polo de atracción cultural y turística importante en Teruel es el fenómeno Dinópolis, que entre su sede de la capital y las siete subsedes desplegadas en toda la provincia ha conseguido atraer, desde su apertura en el 2001, a más de tres millones de visitantes y en el 2019 ha llegado a los 180.000.
Dinópolis es un complejo lúdico-científico donde se unen las nuevas técnicas de realidad virtual, una rigurosa investigación y restauración de los fósiles hallados en los numerosos yacimientos existentes en la provincia y la exposición de los mismos de manera didáctica y amena.
Dinópolis
El parque, centrado en los dinosaurios, ha atraído a 180.000 personas en el 2019
El director gerente de la Fundación Dinópolis, Luis Alcalá, nos habla de “un proyecto basado en un ciclo paleontológico-museográfico completo, llevado a cabo desde la fundación por especialistas durante muchos años”.
Allí pueden verse, entre otros importantes restos, el enorme pie del Turiasaurus riodevensis, o dinosaurio de Teruel, conocido como “el gigante europeo”, encontrado en subsuelos de la provincia cuyas pisadas dejarían huellas de alrededor de un metro de diámetro, y un saurópodo diplodócido, del que llegaron a recuperarse 17 vértebras de su cola en el yacimiento del jurásico superior de El Castellar.
En la zona exterior, llamada Tierra Magna, se exponen reproducciones del impresionante Tastavinsaurus, hallado en Peñarroya de Tastavins, uno de los saurópodos más completos del cretácico inferior europeo, y Baryonyx, que destaca por sus grandes garras
Higinia Navarro, directora gerente del complejo Dinópolis, nos informa que la visita a este centro de ocio “es el principal motivo que lleva hasta Teruel al 85% de los turistas y una de las causas del crecimiento de la hostelería y otros comercios en la provincia”.
Otro gran atractivo cultural en Teruel es la rememoración de la leyenda de los amantes, cuando las instituciones y el tejido asociativo han puesto a la ciudad en el mapa de las grandes recreaciones históricas a través de los trágicos amores de doña Isabel de Segura y Diego Marcilla. Lo
que empezó como una boutade de unos actores, hoy son ya varios miles de personas, turolenses
y venidos de fuera, que provistos de trajes de época recorren sus calles y jaimas instaladas para celebrar el evento. Este año los fastos se celebrarán del 20 al 23 de febrero.
Los amantes
Del 20 al 23 de febrero se evocan los trágicos amores de Isabel de Segura y Diego Marcilla
No obstante, cualquier momento es bueno para recorrer las calles de Teruel, de las de mayor riqueza mudéjar de la península, con sus torres de San Martín, San Salvador y la de la catedral. También es recomendable visitar la iglesia de San Pedro, de gran belleza, y el Museo Provincial, con una interesante muestra de restos arqueológicos y piezas de arte contemporáneo.
En Calanda, epicentro en Semana Santa de las jornadas de tambores y bombos que retumban en todo el Bajo Aragón turolense, se encuentra el Centro Luis Buñuel, el cineasta que desde su vuelta del exilio en los sesenta, invitó a tocar el tambor en su ciudad natal a gentes como Paco Rabal, Geraldine Chaplin o Carlos Saura. El centro es un hermoso edificio presidido por una enorme cabeza de don Luis abierto todo el año excepto los lunes y año nuevo. Durante siete días del mes de julio, el centro proyecta siete films españoles y otros siete mejicanos relacionados con Buñuel y o el cine de vanguardia en general. Su director es Jordi Xifra, catedrático de Comunicación de la UPF, quien espera en breve la cesión de nuevas piezas y nueva tecnología de la Filmoteca Nacional, que les subvenciona.
Buñuel
En Calanda, donde los tambores resuenan en Semana Santa, hay un centro sobre el cineasta
No faltan en Teruel museos en pequeñas localidades dedicados a pintores nacidos en ellas, como el Salvador Victoria, en Rubielos de Mora. Dirigido por el especialista en arte Ricardo García Prats, alberga obras del pintor, así como otras de autores de vanguardia de los años 50, 60 y 70, y también una sala de exposiciones temporales. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> En el <b>Bajo Matarraña</b> zaragozano, en <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Maella" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maella</a></b>, se encuentra también un pequeño museo dedicado a <b>Pablo (Pau escribe el <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Sasot" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">imbécil catalanista de Màrio Sasot, cap de cullerot</a>, </b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2020/01/conversio-sent-paul.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Paul escribía Pedro IV</a><b>) </b><a href="https://www.arteespana.com/pablogargallo.htm" rel="nofollow" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Gargallo</a>, hijo de la localidad.
Esta comarca, integrada básicamente por pueblos de la provincia de <b>Teruel</b>, y dotada de unos <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">paisajes</a> y unos <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=casco+urbano" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cascos urbanos</a> de <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=portales" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arcos</a>, edificios y <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=calle" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">calles de piedra</a> espectaculares, ha sido un <b>hervidero cultural</b> pujante desde los años setenta. En <b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Calaceite" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calaceite</a></b>, recalaron <b><a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">escritores</a> </b>y <b>artistas</b> plásticos, como <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Donoso" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">José Donoso</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Crespo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ángel Crespo</a>, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Carlos+Rallo+Badet" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carlos Rallo Badet</a> o <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_R%C3%A0fols-Casamada" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ràfols Casamada</a> y allí nacieron asociaciones culturales como Noessis, y la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Ascuma" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Associació Cultural i Catalanista del Matarranya (Ascuma)</a>, uno de los <b>puntales culturales</b> de la zona.<br /><br /><a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2020/01/octavio-serret-valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Octavi Serret (se llama Octavio pero ha perdido una o del nombre)</a>, ha dejado atrás la faceta comercial de su <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mítica librería</a> en <b><a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Valderrobres" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valderrobres</a></b>, para centrarse en promover actividades a través de la asociación <b><a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2020/01/octavio-serret-valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ilercavònia terra nostra</a></b> y de su marca personal <b><a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2020/01/octavio-serret-valderrobres.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Camins Serret</a></b>.
<br /><br />Como nos comentaba Raúl Maicas, director de Turia, “en Teruel no sobra nada ni nadie pero deberíamos saber priorizar y tener muy en cuenta el papel dinamizador, de creación de riqueza y de seña de identidad de un territorio que juegan determinados proyectos culturales y que pueden ser claves para su sostenimiento económico y poblacional”.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(No dice lo mismo la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Ascuma" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ascuma</a>, a la que les molesta algún colectivo como la asociación cultural <a href="https://amicsdelchapurriau.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Amics del Chapurriau</a>). Todos los que están en contra de sus ideales catalanistas sobran; así son, <a href="https://catanazis.blogspot.com/2020/01/1932-karl-cerff-nazi-nacio-catalana.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">catanazis</a> 100%</span><br />
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<img alt="Ascuma, Calaceite, Matarranya, catanazis 100%" border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="1303" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdiQVG6s9j0_Cz54ltQEf9Q75ebvaQ5ESuN5R1FUmnw6A8CWNKm5FnIiU70G3h8j0Q2mNVN5aMC_gvyzlPBalB6uMaVCwv4quNQnrn8rbNKnQKSqj8SU2BdxbWYMUch1KqZAdMqmi9bv7N/s320/ASCUMA-junta-2.jpg" title="Ascuma, Calaceite, Matarranya, catanazis 100%" width="320" /></div>
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<img alt="Ascuma, Calaceite, Matarranya, catanazis 100% Juaquinico Monclús que a veces escribe Montclús" border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="1303" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKH4JCzlS_JunFwKSC6wfgtV7r8-ryTp0rNI7YbVVYyws8ZuY8CTFW2iIaonYuWhSQrd8FJpKeJ9oe6ZEz7RCpBYCODUX156ihpinmhi6V1IPoi3iM3L8WBVQtsSLulS_FybSMGLIuAJeU/s320/ASCUMA-junta-presi.jpg" title="Ascuma, Calaceite, Matarranya, catanazis 100% Juaquinico Monclús que a veces escribe Montclús" width="320" /></div>
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<br />Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44580 Valderrobres, Teruel, España40.8733331 0.1535949000000300740.861326100000007 0.13342490000003007 40.8853401 0.17376490000003006tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-90530735942147004352020-01-02T13:51:00.001-08:002020-01-12T07:11:57.541-08:00Octavio Serret, Valderrobres<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/octavi-serret-ara-seria-un-moment-prou-adequat-per-reivindicar-un-territori-sense-fronteres-i-recuperar-els-valors/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/octavi-serret-ara-seria-un-moment-prou-adequat-per-reivindicar-un-territori-sense-fronteres-i-recuperar-els-valors/</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">L'impulsor de la llibreria Serret de Vall-de-roures inicia una nova aventura per a reivindicar la llengua catalana als territoris de cruïlla.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20200101/octavio-serret-cierra-libreria-serret-valderrobres-teruel-7791754" rel="nofollow" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Octavio Serret, en la Librería Serret, en el 2012. / JULIO CARBÓ" border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="1200" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeqW7TmTTTptv23UB3pcGHUD1nh2abPnW24ZawgDwrKeDSKRlhHsLh4E7ZPwirqNa7ioF99-q942vLhDc8J9HlKXzOHdFe6XrIDPo27DewBztw-z7uqiDLZqQTAkySTnHloLEyEHrn_Bw/s400/octavio-serret-valderrobres.jpg" title="Octavio Serret, en la Librería Serret, en el 2012. / JULIO CARBÓ" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #666666;">Octavio Serret, en la Librería Serret, en el 2012. / </span><span class="author" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0.5rem; text-align: start; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align: baseline;">JULIO CARBÓ</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Anna Zaera:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Fa uns quants anys, quan ens vam conèixer, em va dir que les fronteres existien per a rebentar-les. Es considerava i es considera un home de frontera perquè realment hi ha nascut. Entre Catalunya, l’Aragó i València. S’ha cansat de dir que som la mateixa gent perquè parlem la mateixa llengua i tenim la mateixa identitat. Abans de conèixer-lo, m’encuriosia que tothom –absolutament tothom– parlava d’Octavi Serret i el seu fenomen cultural contra pronòstic a la capital del Matarranya. A poc a poc, van arribar les portades a les seccions de cultura dels diaris nacionals i els premis a la seva tasca. Potser el més important, el Premi Nacional de Cultura a la Projecció de la Llengua Catalana, l’any 2009. Ara, després de quaranta-un anys regentant la ja famosa llibreria Serret de Vall-de-roures, ha anunciat que fa un canvi de vida. Traspassa la mítica llibreria però al mateix espai físic, en aquell que ha vist passar centenars de plomes il·lustres i gent de la cultura, que es convertirà en la seu de l’associació Ilercavònia Terra Nostra, l’entitat a què dedicarà els seus esforços d’ara endavant. Una decisió –o reinvenció, com diu ell– que l’allunya de la nostàlgia del final d’etapa i que li permetrà de continuar en contacte amb la cultura. Aquest projecte gira al voltant de la reivindicació cultural del català a l’Aragó mitjançant la recuperació de la idea de l’antiga Ilercavònia, la terra que els ibers habitaven al voltant del riu Ebre i que abraçava el territori entre el coll de Balaguer, Sagunt i Mequinensa. Serret s’afegeix a aquesta associació que ja existia, amb seu a Tortosa, per recuperar la història comuna del territori, dels ibers a l’època contemporània, reivindicant personatges insignes i fets històrics que, segons ell, encara no han estat rehabilitats amb prou fermesa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Aquesta setmana comenceu el vostre canvi de vida. Heu decidit de tancar la mítica llibreria Serret de Vall-de-roures. Per què?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—La decisió la vaig prendre ja fa molt temps. Jo ja buscava un canvi de vida, no volia treballar tantes hores i buscava la manera. Vaig rebre una oferta de feina, que no té res a veure amb la cultura, i vaig pensar que era el moment. He fet un traspàs de la llibreria amb tot allò que implica. Clients, proveïdors i dipòsit de llibres. Jo em quedo amb el meu catàleg primitiu, un d’únic que tinc dedicat als temes més locals amb títols com ara El riu que parla (2008), La Dama del Matarraña (2009), Follets del Matarranya (2009), Poesia de frontera (2011), Lletres de casa (2009), Galeria ebrenca (2010), Matarraña secreta (2019), Els Ports de Beseit (2007), El tren de Val de Zafán (2011) o Il·lusions i incerteses (2010). Es queda aquí, en la que serà la nova seu de l’associació Ilercavònia Terra Nostra.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Ha estat una decisió difícil?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Sap greu perquè deixes el poble i la comarca sense llibreria de servei. Però jo crec que la Serret ha estat alguna cosa més que una llibreria. Bé, de tota manera, Vall-de-roures continuarà tenint un servei quotidià de diaris i revistes, perquè he trobat la persona adequada. El nou punt de venda serà en un lloc bastant a prop d’aquí. La part més important és que jo em reconverteixo, no solament em reinvento. En això de reinventar-se ja s’hi ha insistit bastant, és una paraula molt utilitzada. En el fons, jo em sento molt a gust amb aquesta decisió perquè en part significa tornar als meus orígens. He anat destil·lant el meu catàleg, fent un buidatge bastant dràstic, per acabar amb les millors publicacions del Matarranya i el Maestrat. Ara és moment que l’antiga Llibreria Serret pugui ser la seu de l’associació Ilercavònia Terra Nostra.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Quina serà la funció d’aquesta associació?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Divulgar la llengua catalana a l’Aragó. Si anem als estatuts es veu molt clar que l’objectiu és preservar el llegat dels nostres avantpassats, que no deixen de ser els ilercavons. Uns avantpassats que han viscut en aquestes terres extenses, que no tenien fronteres, i que cobrien bona part de què era la Corona d’Aragó. Molts cops s’ha parlat del territori que englobava l’antiga Diòcesi de Tortosa, però encara era molt més ampli.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Aquesta decisió ve motivada també per la dificultat de vendre llibres?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—No hi té res a veure. Ja feina molts anys que treballava a la llibreria i buscava un canvi vital. La part més romàntica, la de gestió cultural que s’engloba en el projecte Camins Serret, m’ha permès de fer-ne de tota mena. I d’això en continuaré fent a l’associació Ilercavònia. És cert que hi ha llibreries que tanquen, però jo no tanco perquè en tingui la necessitat, sinó perquè vull reconvertir-me.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Però estem d’acord que ser llibreter és un ofici de resistència.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Durant quaranta anys he estat fent les mateixes coses i allò que m’ha salvat ha estat la gestió cultural que he fet. Hi ha moments més bons i moments més dolents, però la meva decisió no va associada a les fluctuacions de la venda de llibres o del mercat editorial. Ara podrem fer moltes més activitats per a divulgar i reivindicar aquest territori tan ampli. Vull provar de ser més lliure i també tenir una vida més adequada per a la meva família. El dissabte i el diumenge em dedicaré a fer gestió cultural de manera més directa i seguint la filosofia de la Ilercavònia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Què heu après en aquests quaranta anys al peu del canó a la llibreria Serret?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—M’he buidat per divulgar un fet de què em vaig adonar quan era molt jove. Quan van aparèixer les primeres publicacions en català a l’Aragó, sobre l’any 1985, m’adono del lloc on he nascut. Jo vaig obrir l’any 1981. Vaig començar a percebre que vivíem en un encreuament de cultures, i crec que això que jo vinc a fer en aquesta vida és divulgar aquesta realitat. Fer saber que a l’Aragó també es parla català. I aquesta és la filosofia que he desenvolupat al llarg de tota la meva vida. Jo sóc nascut aquí i parlava català i aquest no és un fet que es doni per assumit. Vosaltres sí que sabeu que parleu català. Aquí ens deien sempre que parlàvem xapurreao. Llavors, quan sents que el català és la teva llengua, sents una força per dins que t’impulsa, que et fa sentir que has nascut per lluitar i fomentar-la. Per convertir-te en aquest punt de trobada i fer que tot això tiri endavant.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—L’associació Ilercavònia ja existia. Per què heu decidit que tingui la seu a Vall-de-roures?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Jo conec aquesta associació l’any 2015, perquè una vegada vaig coincidir amb el president, Josep Miquel Martínez. En aquell moment, vam veure que teníem moltes coses en comú, i vaig pensar: ‘M’agradaria participar-hi. M’ho guardo per a quan tingui més temps.’ I bé, ara crec que és el moment. Com a membre d’allò que era l’antiga Ilercavònia, jo m’he sentit ilercavó ja de sempre i m’he entusiasmat en cada iniciativa. M’interessa de participar en aquesta idea, impulsar recerques que vagin en aquesta línia: investigar els orígens, l’arqueologia, passant per la història de les religions i arribant fins a l’època contemporània.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—La idea fóra d’establir aquests vincles entre el passat i el present mitjançant activitats obertes al públic?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—És un projecte molt transversal perquè crec que l’objectiu últim és redescobrir-nos a nosaltres mateixos. Jo busco recuperar els valors. Sempre he pensat que, si tornem als orígens, recuperarem els valors. Crec que els hem perduts o gairebé. Jo crec que en aquests territoris tenim una connexió molt potent de costums i cultura. La idea és trobar-nos cada vegada més a gust amb nosaltres mateixos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Com ha estat construir un projecte cultural de Països Catalans a l’Aragó amb la dificultat que implica no tenir polítiques culturals pròpies que potenciïn la llengua?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Jo sempre he pensat que no tenim fronteres, que ens les posen els polítics i molts cops, en conseqüència, nosaltres mateixos. Jo crec que ara seria un moment prou adequat per a reivindicar un territori sense fronteres i recuperar els valors. I aquesta és una tasca que s’ha de fer tant col·lectivament com de manera individual. Si cadascú de nosaltres pot tornar als orígens, podem trobar la nostra essència. Jo tinc dos fills, de vint-i-tres anys i de divuit. El de divuit et puc assegurar que és d’una generació que ha recuperat l’esperit social, que es preocupa més per les persones que per les coses materials. Es preocupen per la col·laboració i la cooperació. Crec que ha estat la nostra generació qui ha causat aquest caos tan bèstia que ens ha portat a la crisi i al desastre del canvi climàtic. Jo veig un món prou desballestat. Si no som capaços de fer-nos unes bones autocrítiques i intentar saber per què fem les coses o per què hem nascut, ens encaminem cap a la nostra pròpia destrucció.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—L’altre dia llegia que el psicoanalista Ramon Riera alertava del perill de bucolitzar el passat dels espais rurals perquè també han estat espais de molt de patiment i lluites de poder.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Bucolitzar el passat tampoc. Jo crec que viure en contacte amb la terra t’ofereix una altra percepció. Si volem tornar als orígens, hem de tornar a la terra. I és que al final hi acabarem tots, tornant a la terra. Però abans ho hem d’aplicar al nostre dia a dia. La meva generació ha percebut el món en dos grans sistemes: capitalisme o comunisme, i ells són en un altre moment. Veuen que, si no col·laboren i tenen en compte l’entorn, el seu món se’n va a la merda. El meu fill de vegades em diu: ‘Pensa en els meus néts.’ Crec que hem de ser més humans, més persones. Jo, gràcies a l’activitat cultural, sempre he optat per l’ésser humà. Per això m’han fotut hòsties pertot arreu. No m’ha agradat mai de posar etiquetes. La cosa més important és que no ens desconnectem entre nosaltres, que siguem conscients que habitem un espai comú.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Part de les vostres iniciatives amb les presentacions literàries ha estat afavorir la presència física. Fer venir la gent a Vall-de-roures. En un temps on moltes de les interaccions entre autors i lectors són digitals, cal reivindicar compartir un mateix espai real?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Sí. Jo durant aquests anys he treballat cada dia de la setmana. Per mi, organitzar aquestes trobades, fer que es trobi gent molt diversa i dispersa a causa de la meva sinergia, m’ha donat moltíssima energia. D’aquí han sortit amistats i projectes. Allò que volen és que cada vegada estiguem més aïllats, que comprem per internet i ens ho portin a casa. Si fem això ens matem a nosaltres mateixos. Per això, l’associació Ilercavònia, a part de tornar als orígens i divulgar el llegat dels nostres avantpassats, també vol ser un espai de trobada presencial al nostre territori. Tenim un territori riquíssim, que va de la muntanya al mar, amb una gent que és una barreja de cultures molt interessant. Si tenim present que l’antiga llibreria Serret sempre ha estat un punt energètic important, aquest nou projecte neix amb una potència molt gran. A més, com que jo estaré més descansat, podré estar més actiu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—La seu física continuarà a l’antiga llibreria o voleu fer activitats en diferents punts dels Països Catalans?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Tenia molt sentit que la seu fos a l’antiga llibreria Serret, perquè ja teníem aquest punt d’enganxada. Però també n’hi ha una subseu a Tortosa. En realitat, estem molt enxarxats. Sempre hem demostrat que, d’aquest punt neuràlgic, d’aquesta cantonada, ens podem expandir al món, i això continuarem fent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Ja teniu activitats programades amb l’associació Ilercavònia?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—N’hem fet a Arenys de Lledó i a Rosell ara farà un mes. Per al 2020 encara no tenim cap activitat programada, però sí projectes embastats. No en podem comentar res perquè ja ho anireu sabent. Però ens caldrà gent, perquè la nostra idea és debatre idees partint de molts punts de vista diferents.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Qui formeu part de l’associació ara mateix?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Hi ha molta gent potent que forma part d’Ilercavònia, però encara no es pot dir. Són personatges del món de la cultura, acadèmics, autors o investigadors que ja en són socis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—Us noto il·lusionat. No teniu nostàlgia?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">—A mi em feia llàstima que jo tanqués i Vall-de-roures no tingués llibreria, però ara estic més tranquil perquè he trobat la persona que la podrà obrir. Jo continuaré amb les meves coses i anirem fent.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Per a VilaWeb el vostre suport ho és tot</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Sostenir un esforç editorial del nivell i el compromís de VilaWeb, únicament amb la publicitat, és molt difícil. Per això necessitem encara molts subscriptors nous per a allunyar qualsevol ombra de dificultats per al diari. Per a vosaltres aquest és un esforç petit, però creieu-nos quan us diem que per a nosaltres el vostre suport ho és tot.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Podeu fer-vos subscriptors de VilaWeb en </span></span></span><a href="https://www.vilaweb.cat/registre/registre-subscriptor?utm_source=intern&utm_medium=capcalera&utm_campaign=links_subscriptors_intern#com-apuntar-s-hi" rel="nofollow" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff6600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">aquesta pàgina</span></span></span></a><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Vicent Partal</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />Director de VilaWeb</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OkpaEaTH4rM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OkpaEaTH4rM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Ayer, 1 de enero del 2020, la <a href="http://serretllibres.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Librería Serret</a>, de </span><b>Valderrobres</b><span style="background-color: white;"> (Teruel), dejó de existir como tal y su espacio se convirtió en la sede de la asociación cultural <u>Ilercavònia Terra Nostra</u>. </span><b>Octavio Serret</b><span style="background-color: white;"> (54 años), que fundó la <b>librería</b> hace 38 años, se dedicará de lunes a viernes a un trabajo que no tiene nada que ver con la cultura, pero los fines de semana se centrará en la <b>gestión cultural</b>.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20200101/octavio-serret-cierra-libreria-serret-valderrobres-teruel-7791754" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20200101/octavio-serret-cierra-libreria-serret-valderrobres-teruel-7791754</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">La <a href="http://serretllibres.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Librería Serret</a> se había convertido en un auténtico foco de irradiación cultural y un lugar de encuentro de las culturas <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Nabarro" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">aragonesa</a></b>, <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Artur+Quintana" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">catalana</a> </b>y <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=castellana" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castellana</a> </b>en una <b>tierra de frontera</b> como el <b>Matarraña</b>. Decenas y decenas de escritores, desde <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ana María Matute</a> a <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Javier Cercas</a>, desde <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lorenzo Silva</a> a <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alicia Giménez Bartlett</a>, desde <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ian Gibson</a> a <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jordi Llavina</a> o <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rosa Regàs</a>, acudían a la llamada de Serret los fines de semana para presentar y firmar sus obras, en <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">un despliegue inconcebible para un pueblo de 2.000 habitantes</span>. Galardonado en <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aragón</a></b> y <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Catalu%C3%B1a" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Catalu</a></b></span><span style="background-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Catalu%C3%B1a" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ñ</a></b></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Catalu%C3%B1a" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a</a></b>, Serret obtuvo en el 2009 el <a href="https://cultura.gencat.cat/es/tramits/tramits-temes/Premis-Nacionals-de-Cultura-de-la-Generalitat-de-Catalunya" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Premi Nacional de Cultura de la Generalitat</a> y la <b><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creu_de_Sant_Jordi" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Creu de Sant Jordi</a></b> en el 2017. </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pero el <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hundimiento de la venta de libros</a>, la <a href="https://www.eleconomista.es/economia/noticias/10120949/10/19/Asi-es-la-Espana-vacia-12-graficos-para-entender-el-problema-de-la-despoblacion-en-nuestro-pais.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">España vacía</a> y la <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">competencia de Amazon</a> y otras plataformas -Serret, paradójicamente, fue <a href="https://www.elhueco.org/carlos-barrabes-pionero-del-comercio-electronico-en-espana-y-visionario-de-internet-en-los-supermartes-de-el-hueco/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pionero en la venta online</a>- </span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">han acabado con la librería</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">. "Los años buenos fueron en el 2002-2003, después las ventas empezaron a bajar hasta el 2009 y desde entonces han caído en picado. En el 2015 estuve a punto de cerrar y si no hubiera hecho de <b>gestor cultural</b>, trayendo <b>escritores </b>y organizando actividades culturales, habría cerrado hace años", dice.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Serret, sin embargo, no abandona la gestión cultural, que es lo que más le gusta. "Me quito la paja y me quedo con el grano", explica gráficamente. La paja era la pura y simple venta de libros de todo tipo, desde <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">literatura</a> y <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ensayo</a> a <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">textos escolares</a>; artículos de papelería; guías turísticas y senderistas de la zona, etcétera, que en realidad traspasa a una mujer del pueblo, que abrirá en un local cercano y a la que asesorará en sus inicios como <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">librera</a>. <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">El grano serán las actividades de gestión cultural</span>, que realizará bajo la marca <b>Camins Serret</b> y en las que seguirá contando con la presencia de <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">escritores</a>, cuyas obras presentará en la sede de <b>Ilercavònia Terra Nostra</b>, en la de la nueva <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">librería</a> o en cualquier espacio de la comarca, desde <a href="https://www.hotelelsalt.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hoteles</a> a centros culturales.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">La sede de <b>Ilercavònia Terra Nostra</b>, asociación fundada en <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Tortosa" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tortosa</a></b> en el 2015, se traslada a <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Valderrobres" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valderrobres</a>, al actual local de la librería y abrirá los fines de semana. "Reunirá libros y publicaciones destinados a <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">conservar y divulgar el legado de los <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilercavones" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ilercavones</a></span>, el pueblo <b>íbero </b>que repobló estas tierras, que territorialmente corresponden a la antigua diócesis de Tortosa y abarcan desde el <b>Matarraña </b>y el <b>Bajo Aragón</b> hasta las comarcas del norte de Castellón y el sur de Tarragona", explica.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 2.8rem; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">La asociación, presidida hasta ahora en Tortosa por <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2BigyoBlhE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Josep Miquel Martínez</a>, se financiará con aportaciones de socios, "gente que ama esta tierra y vinculada al mundo de la cultura, como académicos o activistas culturales", asegura Serret, cuya primera actividad en esta nueva etapa será<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> el festival de </span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>literatura negra</b></span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <u>Aragón Negro</u></span>, que se celebrará en Valderrobres y otras localidades de la comarca del 15 al 31 de enero. En realidad, Aragón Negro ya existía y la nueva edición está programada desde el año pasado, pero ahora se hará en la sede de Ilercavònia. Y Serret compaginará el festival con su nuevo trabajo comercial, en el que venderá productos alejados de la cultura, como ya hizo en sus inicios, antes de fundar la librería, porque Serret siempre ha sido, sobre todo, un gran vendedor. </span></div>
Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comAv. Hispanidad, 21, 44580 Valderrobres, Teruel, España40.8728305 0.1537542999999459420.176630499999998 -41.154839700000053 61.5690305 41.462348299999945tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-31060804471515812072019-12-26T03:20:00.001-08:002019-12-26T03:21:00.582-08:00Índice, tomo IV, Corona Aragón<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Índice
de los documentos y demás materias que comprende este tomo. </span><br />
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-before: always;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />(Se
omiten las páginas porque no coinciden en este formato: <a href="https://office.live.com/start/Word.aspx?ui=es%2DES" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">word</a>,
<a href="https://www.openoffice.org/es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">openoffice</a>, <a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">html</a>)<br /><br />INTRODUCCIÓN.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/union-condado-barcelona-reino-aragon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">I</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/union-condado-barcelona-reino-aragon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento del conde de Barcelona don Ramón Berenguer 3°</a>, en el que, después de
ordenar varios legados y otras disposiciones de menor importancia,
nombra heredero de sus <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/union-condado-barcelona-reino-aragon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>estados</b> de <b>Cataluña</b></a> a su
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/union-condado-barcelona-reino-aragon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">primogénito don Ramón Berenguer 4°</a>, y dispone de su condado de
Provenza a favor de su hijo segundo, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/union-condado-barcelona-reino-aragon.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">don Berenguer Ramón</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ii-reg-1-fol-5-octubre-1131.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">II</a>
- <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ii-reg-1-fol-5-octubre-1131.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento otorgado por el rey de Aragón don Alfonso el Batallador</a>, con el cual instituyó <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ii-reg-1-fol-5-octubre-1131.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">herederos de su reino</a> al <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ii-reg-1-fol-5-octubre-1131.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalén</a>, a los religiosos <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ii-reg-1-fol-5-octubre-1131.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hospitalarios</a> y a los
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ii-reg-1-fol-5-octubre-1131.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">templarios</a>, por iguales partes.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iii-perg-15-16-octubre-1132.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">III</a> - Convenio del conde de
Barcelona don Ramón Berenguer 4° con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iii-perg-15-16-octubre-1132.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gauceberto de Peralada</a> y los
hermanos <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iii-perg-15-16-octubre-1132.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo y Aimerico de Torrelles</a>, sobre la encomienda,
custodia y bailía de la villa de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iii-perg-15-16-octubre-1132.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peralada</a>, y feudo de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iii-perg-15-16-octubre-1132.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Prats</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iv-perg-19-1-abril-1133.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IV</a>
- Otro del mismo conde con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iv-perg-19-1-abril-1133.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de Cornellá</a>, sobre la
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/iv-perg-19-1-abril-1133.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">encomienda del castillo de dicho nombre</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/v-perg-20-1-abril-1133.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">V</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/v-perg-20-1-abril-1133.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Donación de dicho castillo de Cornellá</a>, otorgada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/v-perg-20-1-abril-1133.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Majencia y su hijo Guillermo</a> a favor del conde.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vi-perg-27-3-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VI</a> - Donación del
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vi-perg-27-3-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Barberá</a>, otorgada por el conde, de <span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">acuerdo</span></span>
con sus barones, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vi-perg-27-3-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a favor de la milicia del Templo</a>, para cuando se
estableciese esta en sus dominios. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vii-perg-40-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VII</a> - Homenaje que
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vii-perg-40-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo Bernardo</a> prestó al conde de Barcelona por el castillo de
<span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/vii-perg-40-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Castell-Adral</a></b></span></span>
y otros feudos.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/viii-perg-41-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">VIII</a> - Otro homenaje que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/viii-perg-41-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Raimundo deBerga</a> prestó al conde por los castillos <br />de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/viii-perg-41-11-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Peguera, Figols,Valmaña y Torredella</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ix-perg-42-19-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">IX</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ix-perg-42-19-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Estatuto</a> otorgado por el conde a
favor de la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ix-perg-42-19-enero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">iglesia de San Juan de Ripoll</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/x-perg-43-febrero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">X</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/x-perg-43-febrero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carta-puebla de Artasona</a>, concedida por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/x-perg-43-febrero-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">don Alfonso el Batallador</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xi-perg-28-15-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XI</a> -
Privilegio otorgado por el conde y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xi-perg-28-15-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Olaguer</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xi-perg-28-15-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a favor de los templarios</a> que debían establecerse en los estados de Aragón.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xii-perg-29-17-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XII</a>
- <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xii-perg-29-17-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento de Berenguer de Moncada</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiii-perg-31-23-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiii-perg-31-23-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Donación de unas casas</a> sitas cerca del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiii-perg-31-23-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Regomir</a>, otorgada a favor de los templarios por
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiii-perg-31-23-abril-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernardo Raimundo de Mazanet</a> y su hijo Berenguer.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiv-perg-36-julio-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIV</a> -
Sentencia dada por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiv-perg-36-julio-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">obispo de Barbastro</a> en la controversia que
tenía el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xiv-perg-36-julio-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">abad de San Clemente con el de San Martín</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xv-perg-63-7-julio-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XV</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xv-perg-63-7-julio-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Homenaje</a> que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xv-perg-63-7-julio-1134.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Raimundo, hijo de Inés</a>, prestó al conde don
Ramón Berenguer.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvi-perg-50-11-oct-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVI</a> - Convenio del mismo conde con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvi-perg-50-11-oct-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de San Martín</a> y su mujer <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvi-perg-50-11-oct-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beatriz</a>, con el que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvi-perg-50-11-oct-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">aprueba su casamiento</a> y les concede el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvi-perg-50-11-oct-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">feudo de <b>Moncada</b></a>, por el cual, y por los
de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvi-perg-50-11-oct-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Monbuy </b>y <b>Montornés</b></a>, le prestó dicho Guillermo el
correspondiente homenaje.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvii-perg-62-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVII</a> - Otro convenio entre dicho
conde y el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvii-perg-62-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">senescal Guillermo Raimundo</a>, con el que terminaron las
cuestiones que se debatían entre los dos sobre las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xvii-perg-62-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">aguas de los molinos de Moncada y Barcelona</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xviii-perg-63-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XVIII</a> - Partición de bienes
entre <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xviii-perg-63-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Raimundo y su mujer Beatriz</a>, por razón del <br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xviii-perg-63-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">divorcio</a>
que había sido <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xviii-perg-63-7-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">declarado por el arzobispo de Tarragona</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xix-perg-64-7-julio-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XIX</a> -
Concesión en feudo de los castillos de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xix-perg-64-7-julio-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tudela, Sobreporta, Torelló,Tona</a> y algunos otros, otorgada por el conde a favor del mencionado
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xix-perg-64-7-julio-1135.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Raimundo</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xx-perg-66-24-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XX</a> - Donación del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xx-perg-66-24-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">diezmo de las parias</a> que el conde don Ramón Berenguer percibía en <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xx-perg-66-24-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">España</a>,</b>
otorgada a favor de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xx-perg-66-24-julio-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Diosdado</a>.</b><br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXI</a><span id="goog_606365837"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_606365838"></span> - Privilegio
concedido a los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vecinos de Uncastillo</a> por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">don Ramiro, rey de Aragón</a>,
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ratificado por el conde de Barcelona don Ramón Berenguer</a>, y
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">confirmado por el rey don Juan 1°</a><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">
en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxi-reg-1897-fol-98-abril-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">1389</a>.</span></span><br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxii-perg-73-28-diciembre-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxii-perg-73-28-diciembre-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Donación</b> de la ciudad de
</a><u><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxii-perg-73-28-diciembre-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tortosa</a>,</u> <b>para cuando se conquistase</b>, otorgada por el
conde a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxii-perg-73-28-diciembre-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de </a><i><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxii-perg-73-28-diciembre-1136.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monpeller</a>.</i><br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxiii-perg-89-3-marzo-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIII </a>-
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxiii-perg-89-3-marzo-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Concordia entre los condes de Barcelona y Ampurias</a>, seguida de la
concesión en feudo de los castillos de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxiii-perg-89-3-marzo-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cerset,Terrat</a><b> </b>y otros,
otorgada por el primero al segundo. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxiv-perg-86-11-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIV</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxiv-perg-86-11-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Donación del reino de Aragón</a>, otorgada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxiv-perg-86-11-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">don Ramiro a favor del conde de Barcelona</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxv-perg-76-24-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXV</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxv-perg-76-24-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Juramento de fidelidad</a> que
por orden del mismo <b>don Ramiro</b> prestaron al conde todos los
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxv-perg-76-24-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vecinos de Huesca</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxvi-perg-87-27-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXVI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxvi-perg-87-27-agosto-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ratificación de la donación</a>
otorgada por don Ramiro a favor del conde.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxvii-perg-85-13-noviembre-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXVII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxvii-perg-85-13-noviembre-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Orden del mismo don Ramiro</a>, para que en adelante todos los que habían sido sus
vasallos <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxvii-perg-85-13-noviembre-1137.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">obedeciesen al conde de Barcelona</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxviii-perg-96-21-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXVIII</a> - Convenio
entre el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxviii-perg-96-21-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">emperador de España, don Alfonso</a>, y el conde de Barcelona,
sobre el repartimiento de las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxviii-perg-96-21-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tierras del rey de Pamplona, don García</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxix-perg-109-23-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXIX</a> - Concesión de unas casas en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxix-perg-109-23-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Agramunt</a>, otorgada
a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxix-perg-109-23-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramón Arnau</a> por los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxix-perg-109-23-febrero-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">condes de Urgel, Armengol y Elvira</a>,
con aprobación de su hijo.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxx-perg-106-27-octubre-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXX</a> - Escritura con que el <b>conde
de Barcelona y príncipe de Aragón</b> cedió a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxx-perg-106-27-octubre-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reverter el vizcondado de Barcelona</a>, el feudo de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxx-perg-106-27-octubre-1139.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Piera</a></b> y de algunos
otros castillos.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxi-perg-111-19-mayo-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXI</a> - Donación de los bienes de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxi-perg-111-19-mayo-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Abin-Sila</a></b>,
en el término de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxi-perg-111-19-mayo-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aranda</a></b>, otorgada por el conde a favor de
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxi-perg-111-19-mayo-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Iñigo Sánchez de Burbachana</a></b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxii-perg-116-septiembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXII </a>- Cesiones que los
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxii-perg-116-septiembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">caballeros del Santo Sepulcro</a></b> y los <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxii-perg-116-septiembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hospitalarios</a></b>
otorgaron a favor del conde, de la parte del <b>reino de Aragón</b>
que a cada uno les pertenecía en virtud del <b>testamento de don
Alfonso el Batallador</b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxiii-perg-121-diciembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXIII</a> - Donación de los bienes de
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxiii-perg-121-diciembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Abein-Sordo</a></b>, hecha por el mismo conde a <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxiii-perg-121-diciembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">García Garcez</a></b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxiv-perg-122-31-diciembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXIV</a> - Homenaje prestado al conde por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxiv-perg-122-31-diciembre-1140.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Galceran de Sales, hijo de Ermesinda</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxv-perg-125-mayo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXV</a> - Donación de unas <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxv-perg-125-mayo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">casas en Barbastro,</a> otorgada por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxv-perg-125-mayo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>rey de Aragón, Pamplona, Sobrarbe y Ribagorza</b>, don <b>Pedro</b> </a><u><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxv-perg-125-mayo.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sánchez</a>,</u> a favor de <b>Galindo Garcez</b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxvi-reg-1-fol-7-29-agosto-1141.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXVI</a> -<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxvi-reg-1-fol-7-29-agosto-1141.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Confirmación de la cesión</a> que los
caballeros del Santo Sepulcro hicieron al conde de Barcelona, de la
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxvi-reg-1-fol-7-29-agosto-1141.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">parte del reino de Aragón</a> que les había dejado don Alfonso el
Batallador.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxvii-perg-143-18-diciembre-1142.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXVII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxvii-perg-143-18-diciembre-1142.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento del obispo de Barcelona,Arnaldo</a>, otorgado antes de emprender su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxvii-perg-143-18-diciembre-1142.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">viaje a Jerusalén</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxviii-perg-160-enero-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXVIII</a>
- Debitorio de quinientos sesenta <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxviii-perg-160-enero-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">maravedises</a></b> y cien libras de
plata, otorgado a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxviii-perg-160-enero-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Mainardo</a> por el conde de
Barcelona, príncipe de Aragón y marqués de Tortosa y Lérida.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxix-perg-161-12-enero-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XXXIX</a> - Venta de una <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxix-perg-161-12-enero-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">almolacenia</a>,</b> hecha por el conde a
favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xxxix-perg-161-12-enero-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arnaldo Pérez de Arcos</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xl-perg-154-28-mayo-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XL</a> - Sentencia dada por la
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xl-perg-154-28-mayo-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">curia</a></b> o <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xl-perg-154-28-mayo-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tribunal</a></b> del <u>conde</u> en el <u>pleito</u>
de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xl-perg-154-28-mayo-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de Castellvell</a> con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xl-perg-154-28-mayo-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Poncio Pérez de Bañeres</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xli-perg-156-junio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLI</a>
- Convenio de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xli-perg-156-junio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Domingo Perdiguero</a> con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xli-perg-156-junio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ferrer de Benebar</a> y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xli-perg-156-junio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">García de Oiarda</a>, acerca del castillo de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xli-perg-156-junio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alhozerein</a>.</b><br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlii-perg-167-julio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLII</a> -
Empeño de una tierra en <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlii-perg-167-julio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Viladecans</a>,</b> otorgado por el conde a
favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlii-perg-167-julio-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Suñer</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xliii-perg-139-27-noviembre-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLIII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xliii-perg-139-27-noviembre-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fundación de la orden del Templo</a> en los estados del conde, y donación que se les hizo de los
castillos de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xliii-perg-139-27-noviembre-1143.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monzón, Moncayo, Chalamera, Barberá, Remolins y Corbins</a>, junto con algunas otras rentas y derechos, para que dichos
religiosos pudiesen mantenerse. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlv-perg-176-23-febrero-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLIV</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlv-perg-176-23-febrero-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Promesa de fidelidad</a>
que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlv-perg-176-23-febrero-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Geraldo Alemany</a> hizo a su señor el conde de Barcelona. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlv-perg-176-23-febrero-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLV</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlv-perg-176-23-febrero-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Juramento y homenaje</a> prestado a dicho conde por el mismo
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlv-perg-176-23-febrero-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Geraldo</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvi-perg-164-mayo-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLVI</a> - Donación de una <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvi-perg-164-mayo-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pardina</a></b> en Barbastro,
otorgada por el conde a su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvi-perg-164-mayo-1144.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>judío</b> <u>Zecri</u></a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvii-perg-186-25-febrero-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLVII</a> -
Carta de hermandad y protección que los templarios concedieron a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvii-perg-186-25-febrero-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">D.
Perdiguero, D. Almoravech, G. Priavol y Ferrer de </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvii-perg-186-25-febrero-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Benavar</a>,</b> por
la donación <span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">que
estos</span></span> les habían <span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">hecho</span></span></span>
de la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlvii-perg-186-25-febrero-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">quinta parte de <b>Alfoceya</b></a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlviii-perg-181-julio-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLVIII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlviii-perg-181-julio-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Donación de algunas heredades en Monzón</a>, otorgada por el conde a favor de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlviii-perg-181-julio-1145.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beltran, Geraldo, Sancho y Guillelmo de Belsa, Juan de Camporrells,Berenguer de Miravet, Domingo y Estévan de Soria</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlix-perg-191-3-enero-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XLIX</a> - Encomienda de las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlix-perg-191-3-enero-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castellanías de Piera y Cabrera</a>, concedida por el conde a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xlix-perg-191-3-enero-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de Guardia</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/l-perg-2-del-17-febrero-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">L</a> -
Donación de una parte del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/l-perg-2-del-17-febrero-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo y villa de <span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><b>Ciurana</b></span></span></a><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">
a </span></span><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/l-perg-2-del-17-febrero-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Berenguer Arnau</a>. </span></span><br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/li-perg-189-3-agosto-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LI</a> - Donación que el conde hizo a
Guillermo Raimundo, del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/li-perg-189-3-agosto-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo y tercera parte de la ciudad de Tortosa</a>, del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/li-perg-189-3-agosto-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Peñíscola</a> y de las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/li-perg-189-3-agosto-1146.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">islas de Mallorca e Ibiza</a>, todo para <u>cuando se conquistase</u>; y decisión de algunas
cuestiones que se habían suscitado sobre dicha donación.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lii-perg-12-25-agosto-114.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LII</a>
- El conde confirma a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lii-perg-12-25-agosto-114.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sibila, Alaman y Arnaldo Sord</a>, la
donación de unas casas que les había hecho. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liii-fortun-acenaric-acenar-garcec.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LIII</a> - Donación
de una heredad en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liii-fortun-acenaric-acenar-garcec.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Consellos</a>, otorgada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liii-fortun-acenaric-acenar-garcec.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fortuño Aznares</a> a favor de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liii-fortun-acenaric-acenar-garcec.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aznar <i>Garcéz</i></a> y de su mujer doña <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liii-fortun-acenaric-acenar-garcec.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Oria</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liv-perg-202-25-mayo-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LIV</a> -
Convenio entre el conde de Barcelona, don Ramón, y el de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liv-perg-202-25-mayo-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Urgel, don Armengol</a>, en que el primero dio en feudo al segundo la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liv-perg-202-25-mayo-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tercera parte de la ciudad y territorio de Lérida</a>, con reserva de la parte que
debía dar a los <u>templarios</u>; y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liv-perg-202-25-mayo-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el de Urgel prometió al de Barcelona ser su hombre fiel</a>, y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/liv-perg-202-25-mayo-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">acudir como buen vasallo a sus huestes y cabalgadas</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lv-perg-3-del-5-agosto-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LV</a> - Empeño del señorío de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lv-perg-3-del-5-agosto-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Osor</a>,
otorgado por el conde de Barcelona a favor de los hermanos <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lv-perg-3-del-5-agosto-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo y Oton de Moncada</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lvi-perg-209-diciembre-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LVI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lvi-perg-209-diciembre-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Capitulación</a> concedida por el mismo
conde a los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lvi-perg-209-diciembre-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>moros</b> de Tortosa</a>. <br /><br />LVII - Carta-puebla de
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lvii-perg-208-22-diciembre-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Espluga Calva</a></b>, otorgada por el conde a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lvii-perg-208-22-diciembre-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Porcel de Cervera</a> y a
otros, con reserva del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lvii-perg-208-22-diciembre-1148.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">noveno de todos los frutos</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lviii-perg-223-enero-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LVIII</a>
- Carta-puebla que el conde de Barcelona y el de Urgel concedieron a
los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lviii-perg-223-enero-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">habitantes de Lérida</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lix-perg-214-1-julio-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LIX</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lix-perg-214-1-julio-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tratado de paz entre el conde de Barcelona y el rey de Navarra</a>, y capítulos para el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lix-perg-214-1-julio-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">matrimonio de la hija de este con el referido conde</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lx-perg-220-septiembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LX</a> - Donación del
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lx-perg-220-septiembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo y villa de Albalat</a>, hecha por el conde a la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lx-perg-220-septiembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">santa Iglesia de Zaragoza</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxi-perg-224-30-noviembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxi-perg-224-30-noviembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carta-puebla y franquezas</a> concedidas por el
conde don Ramon Berenguer a los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxi-perg-224-30-noviembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vecinos de Tortosa</a>, y varios otros
documentos sobre <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxi-perg-224-30-noviembre-1149.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">usos y costumbres</a> de dicha ciudad, y disputas que
esta tuvo con los templarios. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxii-perg-1-fol-16-27-enero-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxii-perg-1-fol-16-27-enero-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tratado de paz entre el conde de Barcelona y el emperador de España, don Alfonso</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxiii-perg-229-septiembre-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXIII</a>
- Debitorio de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxiii-perg-229-septiembre-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">seis mil y cuatrocientos maravedises</a>, firmado por el
conde a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxiii-perg-229-septiembre-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Ibiloci</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxiv-perg-4-del-2-noviembre-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXIV</a> - Consagración y
<i>dotalia</i> de la iglesia de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxiv-perg-4-del-2-noviembre-1150.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Juan de Ripoll</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxv-perg-249-30-abril-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXV</a> -
Convenio de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxv-perg-249-30-abril-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">doña Teresa de Boria</a> con el conde, sobre la potestad de
su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxv-perg-249-30-abril-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Boria</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxvi-perg-236-21-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXVI </a>- Concordia celebrada entre el
conde de Barcelona y los religiosos del Templo, sobre los castillos
de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxvi-perg-236-21-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Boria y Magallon</a>, y algunos otros bienes que habían sido de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxvi-perg-236-21-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro Teresa</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxvii-perg-237-23-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXVII</a> - Sentencia dada por el tribunal del conde en el pleito
que seguían los religiosos hospitalarios con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxvii-perg-237-23-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Umberto de Basea</a>, sobre
la partición del feudo de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxvii-perg-237-23-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Montesquiu</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxviii-perg-238-28-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXVIII</a> - Donación del
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxviii-perg-238-28-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Gallifa</a>, hecha a favor del conde por Pedro de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxviii-perg-238-28-julio-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Massanet</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxix-perg-243-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXIX</a> - Donación de la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxix-perg-243-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tercera parte de la ciudad y territorio de Tarragona</a>, otorgada por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxix-perg-243-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo Bernardo</a> a
favor del conde don Ramón Berenguer. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxx-perg-241-5-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXX</a> - <i>Dotalia</i> de
la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxx-perg-241-5-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Santa Iglesia de Tortosa</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxi-perg-242-7-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXI</a> - Sentencia dada en el
pleito que el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxi-perg-242-7-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo y clero de Tarragona</a> seguían contra <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxi-perg-242-7-agosto-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Roberto y Guillermo de Aguiló</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxii-perg-243-30-noviembre-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxii-perg-243-30-noviembre-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Carta de protección</a>, otorgada
por el conde a favor de la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxii-perg-243-30-noviembre-1151.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">iglesia de Ullá</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiii-perg-250-4-abril-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXIII</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiii-perg-250-4-abril-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento de la <b>reina doña Petronila</b></a>, con el que instituyó
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiii-perg-250-4-abril-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>heredero</b> de sus estados al <u>hijo que había de nacerle</u></a>,
dejando empero el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiii-perg-250-4-abril-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">usufructo al <u>conde</u> su <u>marido</u> </a>para
mientras viviese, y la propiedad para el caso de que dicho <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiii-perg-250-4-abril-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">su futuro hijo falleciese sin dejar sucesión</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiv-perg-2521-20-julio-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXIV</a> -
Escritura con la que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiv-perg-2521-20-julio-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Ça-Noguera</a> y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiv-perg-2521-20-julio-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">su mujer María</a> cedieron
al conde el señorío de los bienes que poseían en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiv-perg-2521-20-julio-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Santa María deCornellá</a>
y <i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxiv-perg-2521-20-julio-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Juan Despí</a></span></i>.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxv-perg-253-27-diciembre-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXV</a> - Donación de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxv-perg-253-27-diciembre-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Santa María de Moyá</a>, otorgada por el
conde a la iglesia de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxv-perg-253-27-diciembre-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Santa María del <b>Estañ</b></a>, con retención
de un <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxv-perg-253-27-diciembre-1152.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mercado y feria</a> que estableció en dicho pueblo. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvi-perg-256-8-mayo-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXVI</a>
- Donación de un campo en el término de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvi-perg-256-8-mayo-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vilamejor</a></b>, hecha por
el <span style="text-decoration: none;">conde</span> a <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvi-perg-256-8-mayo-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Arnaldo Pérez</a></b> y a su mujer <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvi-perg-256-8-mayo-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ermesinda</a></b>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvii-perg-261-24-agosto-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXVII</a> - Donación
del castillo de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvii-perg-261-24-agosto-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mirabet</a></b> con todos sus términos, que acababa
de conquistar el conde, otorgada a favor de los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxvii-perg-261-24-agosto-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">religiosos del Templo</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxviii-perg-266-noviembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXVII</a> - Venta de la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxviii-perg-266-noviembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tercera parte de la ciudad de Tortosa</a>, que pertenecía a los <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxviii-perg-266-noviembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">genoveses</a>,</b> otorgada
por estos a favor del conde, por precio de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxviii-perg-266-noviembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">diez y seis mil seiscientos maravedises</a></b>, aunque con <b>retención</b> de la <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxviii-perg-266-noviembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">isla de San Lorenzo</a></b> y estipulando a su favor varios privilegios.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxix-perg-264-11-diciembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXIX</a> - Donación de la villa de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxix-perg-264-11-diciembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Godall</a>, hecha por el conde a
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxix-perg-264-11-diciembre-1153.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de Copons</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxx-perg-282-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXX</a> - Donación de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxx-perg-282-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Patirella</a></b>, hecha a
don <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxx-perg-282-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Ezo</b> </a>por don <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxx-perg-282-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sancho, rey de Navarra</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxi-perg-268-abril-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxi-perg-268-abril-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Homenaje y juramento de fidelidad</a> que prestaron al conde de Barcelona los
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxi-perg-268-abril-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">magnates del vizcondado de </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxi-perg-268-abril-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bearn</a>,</b> por muerte de su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxi-perg-268-abril-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vizcondesa
</a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxi-perg-268-abril-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guiscarda</a>.</b> <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxii-perg-275-4-octubre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXII</a> - Concesión en feudo del castillo y
términos de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxii-perg-275-4-octubre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Flix</a>,</b> hecha por el conde a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxii-perg-275-4-octubre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bonifacio de La Volta</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxiii-perg-277-1-noviembre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXIII</a> - Promesa que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxiii-perg-277-1-noviembre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo <b>Fortuñ</b></a> hizo al
conde, de presentarse y estar a derecho por su señorío de
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxiii-perg-277-1-noviembre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Villafortuñ</a></b>, siempre y cuando fuese requerido. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxiv-perg-279-19-noviembre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXIV</a>
- Remisión de algunas prestaciones a que estaban sujetos los vecinos
de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxiv-perg-279-19-noviembre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Julián de Vallfogona</a></b>, otorgada por doña <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxiv-perg-279-19-noviembre-1154.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Almodis,vizcondesa de Bas</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxv-perg-288-10-enero-1155.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXV</a> - Escritura con que el conde cedió
a favor de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxv-perg-288-10-enero-1155.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Jaime de Frontañá</a></b> el señorío de todos los
bienes que aquella iglesia poseyese en el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxv-perg-288-10-enero-1155.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">término de Ripoll</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvi-perg-296-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXVI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvi-perg-296-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Debitorio de setecientos maravedises</a>, firmado por el conde a favor
de Guillermo Leterico. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvii-perg-297-15-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXVII</a> - Relación que hizo don <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvii-perg-297-15-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lope,obispo de Pamplona</a>, de cuanto había practicado para que fuesen
resarcidos al conde de Barcelona los daños que le había causado <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvii-perg-297-15-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">don Sancho de Navarra</a>, por lo que se había <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvii-perg-297-15-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">entregado en rehenes a dicho conde</a>, sometiendo el negocio a la decisión del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxvii-perg-297-15-enero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo de Tarragona y obispo de Lérida</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxviii-perg-300-10-febrero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXVIII</a> - Sentencia dada en
el pleito que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxviii-perg-300-10-febrero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Poncio, abad de San Juan</a>, seguía contra <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxviii-perg-300-10-febrero-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo de Maurella</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxix-perg-301-3-marzo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LXXXIX</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxix-perg-301-3-marzo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Venta del <b>castillo de Guardia</b></a>
con toda la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxix-perg-301-3-marzo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">montaña de </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxix-perg-301-3-marzo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monserrat</a>,</b> hecha a favor del conde por
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxix-perg-301-3-marzo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Berenguer <span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ça-Guardia</span></span></span></a>,
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/lxxxix-perg-301-3-marzo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hijo del vizconde Reverter</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xc-bulas-pontificias-6-abril-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XC</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xc-bulas-pontificias-6-abril-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bula del papa Adriano 4°</a>, aprobando las
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xc-bulas-pontificias-6-abril-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">donaciones y concesiones</a> hechas por el conde a los religiosos del
Templo.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCI</a> - Convenio celebrado con el conde por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">emperador de España don Alfonso</a> y sus <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hijos don Sancho y don Fernando</a>, sobre
el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">repartimiento del territorio ocupado por los </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">moros</a>,</b> y de
los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">estados del rey de Navarra, don </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xci-reg-1-fol-18-mayo-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">García</a>.</b> <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcii-perg-291-octubre-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCII</a> -
Recibo de varios <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcii-perg-291-octubre-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ornamentos</a></b> y <a href="http://librosmoncho.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">libros</a> de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcii-perg-291-octubre-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">liturgia</a></b>
pertenecientes a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcii-perg-291-octubre-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Martín de </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcii-perg-291-octubre-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Estopañá</a>,</b> que fueron
entregados a Poncio por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcii-perg-291-octubre-1156.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de Agela</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciii-reg-9-fol-18-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCIII</a> - Donación
de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciii-reg-9-fol-18-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tres partes de </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciii-reg-9-fol-18-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Flix</a>,</b> otorgada por el conde a favor de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciii-reg-9-fol-18-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Bonifacio</b> y de su hijo </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciii-reg-9-fol-18-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gasqueto</a>.</b> <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciv-perg-317-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCIV</a> -
Donación de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciv-perg-317-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cuevas de Remolins</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciv-perg-317-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sena</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciv-perg-317-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sijena</a> y otros territorios que
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciv-perg-317-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">debían conquistarse de los moros</a>, hecha por el conde a los
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xciv-perg-317-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">religiosos hospitalarios</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcv-reg-1-fol-18-febrero-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCV</a> - Concordia para terminar las
cuestiones que se habían suscitado entre el conde y el <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcv-reg-1-fol-18-febrero-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">rey don Sancho de Castilla</a></b>, sobre los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcv-reg-1-fol-18-febrero-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">estados de Zaragoza y Calatayud</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvi-perg-316-febrero-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCVI</a> - Ratificación que hizo el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvi-perg-316-febrero-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">obispo de Pamplona</a>, de estar en rehenes en poder del conde; y promesa de
<i>escomulgar</i> al <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvi-perg-316-febrero-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">rey y reino de Navarra</a></b>, luego que hubiese
vuelto a su silla, hasta que fuese indemnizado dicho conde y le
fuesen devueltos a él sus castillos, por los cuales prometió ser
fiel a don Ramón Berenguer. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvii-perg-302-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCVII</a> - Donación de las villas
de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvii-perg-302-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Roncesvalles</a>,</b> <u><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvii-perg-302-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Urruoz</a></u> y <i><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvii-perg-302-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ovano</a>,</i> con una heredad
en <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvii-perg-302-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Galipienzo</a>,</b> hecha por el conde a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcvii-perg-302-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">García Moravid</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcviii-perg-304-5-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCVIII</a>
- Sentencia dada en el pleito que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcviii-perg-304-5-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Poncio, abad de San Juan</a>, seguía
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcviii-perg-304-5-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">contra Galceran de Sales</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcix-perg-305-29-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCIX</a> - Sentencia dada por el
tribunal del conde, en el pleito que éste tenía con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcix-perg-305-29-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro de Puigvert</a>, en la cual se hace mérito de las <i>espediciones</i>
militares del conde a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcix-perg-305-29-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>Lorca,</b> <b>Narbona</b> y <b>Aragon</b></a>, y
del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/xcix-perg-305-29-abril-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><u>asesinato</u> de don <b>Ramón Berenguer Cap d´Estopa</b></a>.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/c-perg-30-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">C</a> - Otra larga relación del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/c-perg-30-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">obispo de Pamplona</a>, en la que
manifiesta lo mucho que había trabajado en favor de las
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/c-perg-30-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">indemnizacíones debidas al conde de Barcelona</a> por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/c-perg-30-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">rey de Navarra don Sancho</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ci-perg-308-31-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CI</a> - Juramento de fidelidad que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ci-perg-308-31-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alberto de Petra</a>
prestó al conde por el castillo de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ci-perg-308-31-mayo-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rocamur</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cii-perg-318-16-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CII</a> - Homenaje
que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cii-perg-318-16-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillerma</a> y su marido <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cii-perg-318-16-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernardo de Vilar</a> prestaron al conde por el
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cii-perg-318-16-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Petra</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ciii-perg-319-21-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CIII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ciii-perg-319-21-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ampliación</a> del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/ciii-perg-319-21-junio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">homenaje que antecede</a>, hecha por los mismos otorgantes.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/civ-perg-311-28-julio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CIV</a> - Juramento de
fidelidad que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/civ-perg-311-28-julio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Berenguer Reverter</a> prestó al conde por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/civ-perg-311-28-julio-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Guardia y montaña de Monserrat</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cv-perg-313-octubre-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CV</a> - Carta-puebla de
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cv-perg-313-octubre-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monforte</a>,</b> con la que fueron concedidos a sus vecinos los
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cv-perg-313-octubre-1157.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">fueros de Zaragoza</a></b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvi-perg-314-31-octubre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CVI</a> - Carta dotal que <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvi-perg-314-31-octubre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Parason,juez de Arborea</a></b>, otorgó a favor de su mujer <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvi-perg-314-31-octubre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Agalbursa</a></b>,
sobrina del conde de Barcelona.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvii-perg-321-24-noviembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CVII</a> - Venta de la mitad
del molino de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvii-perg-321-24-noviembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Abadenc</a></b>, situado en la parroquia de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvii-perg-321-24-noviembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Vicente de Junqueras</a></b>, otorgada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvii-perg-321-24-noviembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernardo Pedrós</a> y su mujer
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cvii-perg-321-24-noviembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pereta</a></b> a favor del conde.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cviii-perg-323-13-diciembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CVIII</a> - Donación de la
cuarta parte del molino de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cviii-perg-323-13-diciembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Susgiter</a></b>, hecha por el conde a
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cviii-perg-323-13-diciembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo de <b>Torredella</b></a> y a su mujer <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cviii-perg-323-13-diciembre-1158.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Geralda</a>.</b><br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cix-perg-328-1-enero-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CIX</a>
- Donación en feudo del castillo de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cix-perg-328-1-enero-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pratella</a></b>, otorgada por el
conde a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cix-perg-328-1-enero-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">doña <b>Ezo</b></a> y sus hijos.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cx-perg-329-13-enero-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CX</a> -
Declaración del anciano <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cx-perg-329-13-enero-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernardo Echardo</a>, en la que se hace mérito
de algunas rentas que pertenecían a los condes de Barcelona, y
del <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cx-perg-329-13-enero-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">asesinato de don Berenguer Cap d´Estopa</a></b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxi-apen-9-junio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXI</a> -
Empeño del dominio y derechos que percibía el conde en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxi-apen-9-junio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Prats</a> y
parroquia de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxi-apen-9-junio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Justo</a>, otorgado a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxi-apen-9-junio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Mainardo</a> por la
cantidad de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxi-apen-9-junio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dos mil y quinientos maravedises</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxii-perg-324-5-julio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXII</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxii-perg-324-5-julio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Enfeudación del castillo de Guardia</a>, hecha por el conde a favor de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxii-perg-324-5-julio-1159.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Berenguer de Guardia, hijo del vizconde Reverter</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxiii-perg-333-21-abril-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXIII</a> -
Sentencia dada por el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxiii-perg-333-21-abril-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo de Tarragona</a>, san <i>Otaguer (<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxiii-perg-333-21-abril-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Olaguer</a>)</i>, y
otros magnates, sobre las injurias y otros agravios que el conde
decía haber recibido de su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxiii-perg-333-21-abril-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">veguer Berenguer</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxix-perg-342-julio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXIV</a> - Sentencia
con que se decidieron las cuestiones pendientes entre el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxix-perg-342-julio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">abad de San Cucufate y Raimundo Pérez de Bañeres</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxv-perg-21-mayo-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXV</a> - Juramento de
fidelidad que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxv-perg-21-mayo-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Beltran de Canals</a> prestó al conde por su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxv-perg-21-mayo-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">casa y fortaleza de Canals</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvi-perg-338-1-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXVI</a> - Cesión de las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvi-perg-338-1-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dos terceras partes del dominio del castillo de Cabra</a>, otorgada por el monasterio
de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvi-perg-338-1-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Martín de Albengena</a></b>, a quien pertenecía dicho
castillo <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvi-perg-338-1-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">antes de la invasión de los moros</a>, a favor del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvi-perg-338-1-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">conde de Barcelona, que lo había reconquistado</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXVII</a> -
Reconocimiento que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro de Barcelona</a> hizo a favor del conde, por
todos los bienes que <span lang="de-DE">habían</span> pertenecido a
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro Ricart</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxviii-perg-341-28-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXVIII</a> - Reconocimiento de vasallaje, con
obligación de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxviii-perg-341-28-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pagar un <b>censo</b> anual</a> de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxviii-perg-341-28-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un cerdo o tres dineros</a>, otorgado por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxviii-perg-341-28-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Dezplá</a> a favor del conde. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxix-perg-342-julio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXIX</a>
- Donación en feudo del castillo llamado <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxix-perg-342-julio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Deus-lo-vol</a></b>, y por
los moros <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxix-perg-342-julio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mezimeeger</a>,</b> otorgada por el conde a favor del
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxix-perg-342-julio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo de Zaragoza</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXX</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Concesión de un terreno para edificar</a>, situado en el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mercado</a> y junto al <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">río de Gerona</a>, otorgada por el conde a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro Balma</a>, con
obligación de pagar un censo de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">doscientos cerdos</a></b> o
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxx-perg-343-7-agosto-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">seiscientos dineros</a></b> cada año. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxi-apen-8-septiembre-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxi-apen-8-septiembre-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Debitorio de seis mil y setecientos maravedises</a>, firmado por el conde a favor de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxi-apen-8-septiembre-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Leterico</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxii-apen-9-febrero-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXII</a> - Otro <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxii-apen-9-febrero-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">debitorio de seis mil maravedises</a>, firmado también por dicho conde <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxii-apen-9-febrero-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a favor del mismo Guillermo Leterico</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiii-perg-349-17-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXIII</a> - Licencia del <span lang="de-DE">conde
</span>a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiii-perg-349-17-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="de-DE">Bernardo</span> Folch</a> para construir un
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiii-perg-349-17-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">molino</a> en los términos de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiii-perg-349-17-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Piera, Bedorch o Cabrera,</a> con la obligación de que perteneciesen al conde
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiii-perg-349-17-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">la mitad de las rentas que produjese dicho molino</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiv-perg.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXIV</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiv-perg.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reconocimiento de vasallaje</a> que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiv-perg.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Juan de Gron</a> hizo a favor del conde,
en testimonio de gratitud por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxiv-perg.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cierta donación que dicho conde lehabía hecho</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxv-perg-351-24-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXV</a> - Reconocimiento de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxv-perg-351-24-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vasallaje</a> hecho a
favor del conde por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxv-perg-351-24-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Poncio de Palou</a>, y promesa de pagarle cada año
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxv-perg-351-24-julio-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">un <b>cerdo</b> o <b>cuatro sueldos</b> de <b>moneda barcelonesa</b></a>.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxvi-perg-344-19-agosto-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXVI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxvi-perg-344-19-agosto-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Venta de una casa en el arrabal de Barcelona</a>,
otorgada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxvi-perg-344-19-agosto-1161.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calvet</a> a favor del conde. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXVII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Breve
dirigido al conde por el papa Adriano </a><span lang="de-DE"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">4°</a>,</span>
en recomendación del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxvii-perg-349-27-junio-1160.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">obispo e iglesia de Huesca</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxviii-bulas-leg-1-14-22-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXVIII</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxviii-bulas-leg-1-14-22-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bula del papa Eugenio <span lang="de-DE">3°</span></a>, concediendo
varias gracias a los que acompañasen al conde en la <b>guerra contra
los infieles</b>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxix-bulas-leg-1-18-23-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXIX</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxix-bulas-leg-1-18-23-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bula del sumo pontífice Adriano
</a><span lang="de-DE"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxix-bulas-leg-1-18-23-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">4°</a>,</span> previniendo a los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxix-bulas-leg-1-18-23-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispos de Tarragona y Narbona</a> que apremiasen con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxix-bulas-leg-1-18-23-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">censuras eclesiásticas</a> a
los que de cualquier modo hostilizasen al conde, dando directa o
indirectamente <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxix-bulas-leg-1-18-23-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ayuda a los <b>sarracenos</b></a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxx-bulas-leg-1-17-24-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXX</a> - Otra del
mismo <span lang="de-DE">pontífice,</span> aprobando la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxx-bulas-leg-1-17-24-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cesión que los caballeros del Santo Sepulcro, hospitalarios y templarios habían hecho al conde</a>, de la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxx-bulas-leg-1-17-24-junio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">parte del reino que les había dejado don Alfonso el Batallador</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxi-bulas-leg-1-13-25-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxi-bulas-leg-1-13-25-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Breve del papa Eugenio <span lang="de-DE">3</span>°</a>,
exhortando al Conde de Barcelona a que <span lang="de-DE">haga</span>
las paces con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxi-bulas-leg-1-13-25-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">G. (García), duque de Pamplona</a>.<br /><br /><span lang="de-DE"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxii-30-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXII</a></span>
- Convenio con que el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxii-30-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">abad de Ripoll</a>, el de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxii-30-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">San Saturnino</a> y algunos
otros personajes prometieron estar a lo que dispusiese el conde en el
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxii-30-julio.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">negocio de Ripoll</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiii-bulas-leg-1-15-24-septiembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span lang="de-DE">C</span>XXXIII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiii-bulas-leg-1-15-24-septiembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bula del papa Anastasio 4°</a>, confirmando las gracias concedidas por
Eugenio <span lang="de-DE">3°</span> a los que acompañasen al conde
de Barcelona en la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiii-bulas-leg-1-15-24-septiembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">guerra contra los <span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-style: normal;"><b>infieles</b></span></span></a><i><b>.</b></i>
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiv-bulas-leg-1-19-5-diciembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXIV</a> - Otra del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiv-bulas-leg-1-19-5-diciembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">sumo <span lang="de-DE">pontífice</span>
Adriano </a><span lang="de-DE"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiv-bulas-leg-1-19-5-diciembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">4°</a>,</span> declarando qu<span lang="de-DE">e</span>
nadie pudiese <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiv-bulas-leg-1-19-5-diciembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i>escomulgar</i> al conde sin <i>espreso</i> mandato</a>
de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiv-bulas-leg-1-19-5-diciembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Su Santidad</a> o de su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxiv-bulas-leg-1-19-5-diciembre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">legado á latere</a><span lang="de-DE"><i><b>.</b></i></span><br /><br /><span lang="de-DE"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxv-bulas-leg-1-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXV</a>
- Otra</span> del mismo <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxv-bulas-leg-1-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">pontífice</a>, confirmando la <i><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxv-bulas-leg-1-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">escomunion</a></i>
pronunciada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxv-bulas-leg-1-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Eugenio <span lang="de-DE">3° </span>contra un conde
</a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxv-bulas-leg-1-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gaufredo</a>,</b> por delito de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxv-bulas-leg-1-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">adulterio</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvi-apen-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXVI</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvi-apen-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Escritura de fianza</a>, otorgada por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvi-apen-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo Ademaro</a> con sus castillos de
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvi-apen-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Finestres</a>, para el cumplimiento de las obligaciones contraídas por
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvi-apen-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo, conde de Besalú</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvii-varia-i-liber-feudorum.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXVII</a> - Carta de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvii-varia-i-liber-feudorum.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo, patriarca de Jerusalén</a>, y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxvii-varia-i-liber-feudorum.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro, prior del Santo Sepulcro</a>, dirigida
al conde, anunciándole la cesión que <span lang="de-DE">habían</span>
otorgado a su favor. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxviii-varia-i-liber-feudorum-alfon-15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXVIII</a> - Donación de varios derechos
y castillos, entre ellos <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxviii-varia-i-liber-feudorum-alfon-15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el de Ceboller</a>, otorgada por el conde a
favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxviii-varia-i-liber-feudorum-alfon-15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro de <b>Estopañá</b></a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxix-2.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXXXIX</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxix-2.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Franquezas</a>
concedidas por el conde y ratificadas por Guillermo Raimundo Dapifer
a los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxxxix-2.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">habitantes de Tortosa</a>. <br /><span id="goog_1579527677"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_1579527678"></span><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxl-3.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXL</a> - Convenio entre los condes
de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxl-3.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barcelona y Urgel</a>, en que el primero cede al segundo la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxl-3.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tercera parte de la ciudad de Lérida</a> <u>para cuando fuese conquistada</u>.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxli.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLI</a> - Convenio con que el conde se obligó a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxli.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dar a los genoveses la tercera parte de lo que conquistase</a>,
a cambio de los <i>ausilios</i> quo debían prestarle. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlii-7.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLII</a>
- Carta de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlii-7.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reverter, vizconde de Barcelona</a></b>, a su señor el
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlii-7.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>conde</b> y <b>rey de </b><span lang="de-DE"><b>Aragon</b></span></a>,
haciéndol<span lang="de-DE">e</span> mil protestas de <span lang="de-DE">amor</span>
y fidelidad, y noticiándole que le enviaba a su <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlii-7.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vasallo Roberto</a> para
el arreglo de ciertas cuestiones que tenían entre sí acerca los
feudos de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlii-7.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Granera y Piera</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliii-9.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLIII</a> - <span lang="de-DE">Juramento</span>
con que don <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliii-9.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fernando, rey de León</a></b> y <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliii-9.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dominador de Galicia</a>, se obligó a ayudar a su <span lang="de-DE">t</span>ío
el conde de Barcelona para la defensa de sus estados.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliv-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLIV</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliv-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Promesa que los <b>genoveses</b> hicieron al <span lang="de-DE">conde</span></a>,
de ayudarle con su ejército y armada en el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliv-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">sitio de <b>Tortosa</b></a> y
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliv-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">conquista de las <b>Baleares</b></a>, y de cederle las dos terceras
partes de cuanto conquistasen por sí solos <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliv-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">desde el Ebro hasta Almería</a>, <span lang="de-DE">facilitándoIe</span>
además cuantas <span lang="de-DE"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxliv-10.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">máquinas</a></span> se <span lang="de-DE">necesitasen</span>
para la guerra. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlv-11.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLV</a> - Sentencia dada en Barcelona por el
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlv-11.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo de Tarragona y otros <span lang="de-DE">magnates</span></a>,
<span lang="de-DE">dirimiendo</span> las <span lang="de-DE">disputas</span>
y pleitos que el conde <span lang="de-DE">tenía</span> con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlv-11.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernardode Anglesola</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlvi-12.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLVI </a>- Otra sentencia dada <span lang="de-DE">por</span>
la corte de Barcelona, decidiendo las cuestiones que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlvi-12.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">el mismo conde tenía con Galceran deSales</a>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlvii-13.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLVII</a> - Otra para decidir el pleito que vertía <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlvii-13.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">entre el conde y Guillermo Raimundo Dapifer</a>, con motivo de las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlvii-13.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">partes que se habían señalado en Tortosa</a>
a los genoveses y a los religiosos <span lang="de-DE">templarios.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlviii-14.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLVIII</a>
- <span lang="de-DE">C</span>ambio <span lang="de-DE">que</span> hizo
<span lang="de-DE">el</span> conde con <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlviii-14.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sancha y su hijo Bernardo de Belloch</a>,
de <span lang="de-DE">u</span>nas casas <span lang="de-DE">que</span>
<span lang="de-DE">tenía</span> <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlviii-14.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">establecidas a Guillermo <span lang="de-DE">T</span>aberner</a>,
situadas e<span lang="de-DE">n</span> la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlviii-14.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">plaza de la ciudad de Barcelona</a>, por otros que dichos madre e hijo poseían en el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlviii-14.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">foso del castillo nuevo</a>, junto al muro de la ciudad. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlix-15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CXLIX</a>
- Dibitorio de seis mil setecientos maravedises, firmado por el conde
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cxlix-15.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">a favor de Guillermo Leterico</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cl-17.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CL</a> - Traslado de una escritura
en que se hace una larga relación de lo ocurrido en <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cl-17.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aragón y Navarra</a> entre los <b>reyes</b> don <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cl-17.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">García Ramírez y don Ramiro el Monje</a>, <span lang="de-DE">c</span>on varios
magnates de uno y otro <b>reino</b>, para la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cl-17.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">elección de <b>rey</b></a>
después de la muerte de don <b>Alfonso el Batallador</b> en la
<b>batalla de Fraga</b>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cli-19.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLI</a> - Carta de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cli-19.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro, rey y juez de Arborea</a></b>, a su <u>cuñado</u> el <u>conde</u>, en la que se
trata de la <i>espedicion</i> que este proyectaba contra
<b>Mallorca</b>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clii-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLII</a> - Carta del obispo de Barcelona al
conde, pidiéndole que amparase al abad de <span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clii-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vall-laura</a></b></span></span></span>
en los daños que estaban <span lang="de-DE">causando</span> a dicha
iglesia los vecinos de <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clii-20.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Montagut</a></b>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cliii-21.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLIII</a> - Otra del
conde de Barcelona, pidiendo al maestre de los templarios que le
enviase diez religiosos, a quienes <span lang="de-DE">dotaría</span>
competentemente, para la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cliii-21.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">fundación de la <span lang="de-DE">orden</span></a>
en sus estados. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cliv-22.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLIV</a> - Los <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cliv-22.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cónsules de Pisa</a></b> escriben
al conde, pidiéndole la continuación de la buena amistad y alianza
en que siempre <span lang="de-DE">habían</span> estado, y que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cliv-22.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">no
deje entrometer a los <b>genoveses</b> en el asunto de las </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/cliv-22.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Baleares</a>.</b>
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clv-23.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLV</a> - Carta del conde al <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clv-23.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">emperador don Alfonso</a>, prometiéndole
no invadir las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clv-23.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tierras del rey de Navarra</a>, y rogándole que envié
a su hijo don <b>Sancho</b> al frente del ejército, para acordar
juntos los medios de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clv-23.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">combatir a los <b>enemigos de la Cruz</b></a>.
<br /><br /><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-style: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvi-24.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLVI</a></span> </span>- Otra de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvi-24.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo de Molnell</a> al conde, aconsejándole algunas
medidas para <span lang="de-DE">mejorar</span> el deplorable estado
de las <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvi-24.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><u>salinas</u> de </a><i><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvi-24.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tarascona</a>.</span></span></i>
<br /><br /><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvii-25.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLVII</a></span></span></span></span>
- <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvii-25.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reverter, vizconde de Barcelona</a></b>, escribe al conde,
protestando de su adhesión, y quejándose de los daños que, según
decía, se le <span lang="de-DE">habían</span> causado en su <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clvii-25.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">honor de Guardia</a></b>.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clviii-26.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLVIII</a> - Juramento de fidelidad prestado al
conde de Barcelona por el de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clviii-26.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ampurias, Ponce Hugo</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clix-27.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">C</span></span></span><span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">LIX</span></span></span></span></a> - Homenaje que prestaron al conde los <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clix-27.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vecinos de Jaca</a> y otros pueblos
de Aragón. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clx-28.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLX</a> - Juramento de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clx-28.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">fidelidad al conde</a>, prestado
por <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clx-28.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de San Martín</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxi-29.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXI</a> - Memorial de los daños
que <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxi-29.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Berenguer <span lang="de-DE">Miron</span></a> había causado a su
señor el conde en diferentes lugares. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxii-30.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXII</a> - Donación
de los castillos de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxii-30.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monzón, <span lang="de-DE"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ceboller</span></span></a>
y otros, otorgada por el conde a favor de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxii-30.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pedro de <b>Estopañá</b></a>.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxiii-31.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXIII</a> - Venta de la <span lang="de-DE">mitad</span> de
ciertos edificios situados en la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxiii-31.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">plaza del mercado de Barcelona</a>,
otorgada <span lang="de-DE">por</span> <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxiii-31.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calvet</a> a favor del conde.<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxiv-33.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXIV</a> - Promesa del conde a <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxiv-33.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bernardo <span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ug</span></span></span></a>,
de no entregar a otro la encomienda del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxiv-33.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo de Castellet</a>.
<br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxv-perg-1-alfonso-4-agosto-1162.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXV</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxv-perg-1-alfonso-4-agosto-1162.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento sacramental del conde don Ramon Berenguer 4°</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxvi-reg-1-18-junio-1164.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXVI</a> -
<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxvi-reg-1-18-junio-1164.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Donación del reino de Aragón</a>, otorgada por la <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxvi-reg-1-18-junio-1164.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><b>reina viuda doña
Petronila</b> a favor de su <u>hijo</u> </a><b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxvi-reg-1-18-junio-1164.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alfonso</a>.</b> <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxvii-24-octubre-1173.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXVII</a>
- <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxvii-24-octubre-1173.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento de doña Petronila</a>. <br /><br /><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxviii-diciembre-1194.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLXVIII</a> - <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxviii-diciembre-1194.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Testamento de don Alfonso II de Aragón</a>, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/12/clxviii-diciembre-1194.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">hijo de don Ramón Berenguer y doña Petronila</a>.<br /><br />Fin del índice. </span>
</span></div>
<br />Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comCalle de Corona de Aragón, 35, 50009 Zaragoza, España41.643542 -0.8974276000000145420.947339999999997 -42.206021600000014 62.339743999999996 40.411166399999985tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-85532453876140163992019-12-19T08:10:00.002-08:002019-12-19T08:10:25.772-08:00Matarramam<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="et dono ei in Matarramam Almozug et medietatem et Avorram et LX cafiz de seminatura" border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="762" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho8jSGgmjXkCJEzDli14W7ct81koKj-U2EvdBAFlUI0AtaxFmzeMpx2hL0OtNA0dvu-DE52q4XAfqf-OQiPt9VgPvO2IrUeA9f21ZERcWjhfzw8kHk9XWnpD14wxpj8bU2bneTYJcY2ycu/s640/matarramam-flix-flixio.jpg" title="et dono ei in Matarramam Almozug et medietatem et Avorram et LX cafiz de seminatura" width="640" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=XCIII" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">XCIII</a><br />Reg.
9. fol. 18. <i><u><b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=1157" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">1157</a></b></u></i>.<br /><br />Quod
nos <b>Jacobus</b> etc.<sup>a</sup> Vidimus instrumentum donationis
quam <b>Raimundus comes barchinonensis</b> et <b>princeps</b>
<u>aragonensis</u> olim fecit <b>Gascheto</b> de tribus partibus
<b>castri </b>de <b>Flixio</b> cujus tenor talis est. - Notum sit
cunctis quod ego <b>Raimundus comes barchinonensis</b> <u>princeps</u>
<b>regni aragonensis</b> donavi ad <b>Bonifacium</b> duas partes de
<b>Flixio</b> et sicut dedi ei illas duas partes de <b>Flexio</b> sic
dono et filio suo nomine <b>Gascheto</b> et eredi suo illas tres
partes de <b>Flexio</b> integriter et dono ei in <i><u><b>Matarramam</b></u></i>
<u>Almozug</u> et medietatem et <b>Avorram</b> et LX <b>cafiz</b> de
<b>seminatura</b> in .... et illam <b>Almuniam</b> quam <b>Alfaquimus</b>
provisu meo patri suo tradidit et demonstravit. Actum est hoc anno ab
incarnacione Domini (MCL) septimo. - Sig+num Raimundi comes. Sig+num
Guillelmi Raimundi. Sig+num Guillelmi de Castro-vetero. Sig+num
Arberti de Castro-vetero. Sig+num Raimundi de <b>Podio-alto</b>.
Sig+num Berengarii de <b>Turre-rubea</b>. Sig+num Petri Aicardi qui
hoc scripsit cum literis emmendatis in linea tercia. - Ut igitur in
posterum de ipsius tenore plena pateat certitudo ipsum hic de verbo
ad verbum nichil addito vel mutato fecimus adnotari volentes et
concedentes quod presens pagina tanquam ipsum <br />originale plenam
imperpetuum in judicio et extra judicium roboris obtineat firmitatem.
Datum apud <b>Dertusam</b>
nonas februarii anno Domini millesimo CCL septimo. <br /><br />Dertusam
: Tortosa.<br />anno Domini millesimo CCL septimo : 1257.<br />anno ab
incarnacione Domini (MCL) septimo: 1157.</span></div>
<br />Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comMatarraña, Teruel, España40.8778346 0.07467670000005455240.4936896 -0.57077029999994544 41.2619796 0.72012370000005455tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-68606205023573995302019-11-24T05:37:00.002-08:002019-11-24T05:38:52.874-08:00LA GUARDIA DEL CASTILLO DE LA FRESNEDA<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">LA GUARDIA DEL
CASTILLO DE LA FRESNEDA (SIGLO XIV-XV. <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">LA FRESNEDA</a>)</span><br />
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<img alt="LA GUARDIA DEL CASTILLO DE LA FRESNEDA (SIGLO XIV-XV. LA FRESNEDA)" border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5KHRfAYF62TyExYsG552ZHvVpC6e6ur_YJo7tDjlKKeo-dqN_347JgDOVPN2KPTYsU5o_Q5yhXpxaBzarV09nTsZwCJo4hX4cgdfQBJdmZ1hTJGruzpfYYGVbGCUYOnMyjE7F8cTOjQi_/s320/fresneda-castillo.jpg" title="LA GUARDIA DEL CASTILLO DE LA FRESNEDA (SIGLO XIV-XV. LA FRESNEDA)" width="320" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">El <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">alcaide</a> </b>del <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">castillo deLa Fresneda</a> se vanagloriaba de tener la <b>fortaleza </b>mejor custodiada
existente, extremando las medidas de <u>seguridad </u>hasta límites
inimaginables. Una de las muchas precauciones adoptadas consistía en
que cada <b>centinela </b>nocturno debía llevar una <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">antorcha</a> </b>encendida
mientras <b>vigilaba </b>o hacía su ronda, con lo cual trataba de disuadir
a cualquier <u>enemigo</u>, pues el <b>castillo </b>era un ir y venir constante de
luces y resplandores.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Por otro lado, presumía
el <b>alcaide </b>de contar entre sus hombres con el mejor y más certero
<b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arquero</a> </b>no sólo del <b>reino </b>sino de toda la <b>Corona de Aragón</b>,
habilidad que había demostrado en cuantas ocasiones se le puso a </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">prueba en pugna con otros
afamados <b>arqueros</b>. Lo cierto es que desde cualquier parte del
<b>castillo </b>podía dirigir y clavar sus <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">flechas</a> </b>en el lugar preciso sin
posibilidad alguna de error.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Era tarea obligada del
<b>arquero </b>apagar cada noche con sus <b>flechas </b>las <b>antorchas </b>de todos y
cada uno de los <b>vigías</b>, disparando su <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arco</a> </b>desde lo alto de la <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/2019/11/guardia-castillo-la-fresneda-matarranya-teruel.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">torredel homenaje</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">No obstante, una noche, un
<b>vigía </b>que tenía <b>cita </b>convenida con su <b>amada </b>abandonó su puesto y,
por lo tanto, su <b>antorcha </b>estaba <b>apagada</b>, justamente la noche en la
que la hija del <b>castellán</b>, que estaba <u>enamorada </u>secretamente del
<b>guardián </b>ausente, fue a buscarle a su puesto para declararle su <b>amor
</b>y, naturalmente, no lo encontró, decidiendo esperarle pensando que
tendría razones para el abandono.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Dejó a su amante en las
cercanías y regresó el desertor presuroso al lugar de su <b>vela</b>, con
el tiempo justo para ocupar su puesto y encender nerviosa y
precipitadamente su <b>antorcha</b>, momento en que descubrió junto a él a
la hija del <b>castellán </b>que le estaba esperando. No tuvo tiempo de
reaccionar y el presagio que relampagueó en su mente se cumplió.</span><br />
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<div lang="es-ES" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">En efecto, la <b>flecha </b>que
había de apagar su <b>antorcha </b>recién encendida volaba ya rauda por el
aire y fue a <b>clavarse </b>en el corazón de la muchacha. Hay quien dice
que <b>no fue fallo del arquero</b>, el único que se le recuerda, sino que
acertó a disparar a lo que más brillaba, el <b>corazón encendido por
el amor</b> de la hija del <b>alcaide</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[Yanguas Hernández,
Salustiano, Cuentos y relatos <b>aragoneses</b>, págs. 108-110.]</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.ies-mcatalan.com/biblioteca/biblioteca.asp?pag=373" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ies-mcatalan.com/biblioteca/biblioteca.asp?pag=373</a></span></div>
<br />Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44596 La Fresneda, Teruel, España40.9277346 0.07526069999994433640.921736100000004 0.065175699999944339 40.9337331 0.085345699999944333tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-32477027103362194172019-06-28T13:49:00.004-07:002019-06-28T13:49:55.011-07:00Críticas hacia la catalanización de La Fresneda<a href="https://autonomico.elconfidencialdigital.com/articulo/aragon/criticas-catalanizacion-pueblo-teruel/20190624185423023703.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">autonómico elconfidencialdigital Críticas hacia la catalanización de un pueblo de Teruel, La Fresneda</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Críticas hacia la <b>catalanización</b> de un pueblo de Teruel, <b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Fresneda" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">La Fresneda</a></b>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://somatemps.me/2019/06/26/criticas-hacia-la-catalanizacion-de-un-pueblo-de-teruel/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://somatemps.me/2019/06/26/criticas-hacia-la-catalanizacion-de-un-pueblo-de-teruel/</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Críticas hacia la catalanización de un pueblo de Teruel, La Fresneda." border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1366" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB_C_w3UNjdSOjEmj-crNmp7nZXVvUpfTtkOal5NHwr1VMhZ4kmtOH_g3sBjoUpt-b2vSjs8Uq4WfSEaqI_tIsicvlQnjXoeGwUIuuE_9ZCJaI5-JlZ_GB8cehWsur_U-kEY3uy3qfzRc/s640/la-fresneda-matarrana-matarranya-teruel-terol-aragon-arago.jpg" title="Críticas hacia la catalanización de un pueblo de Teruel, La Fresneda." width="640" /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">La Plataforma Aragonesa ʻ<a href="https://nohablamoscatalan.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">No Hablamos Catalán</a>ʼ ha denunciado que el municipio de <b>La Fresneda</b> (<a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matarraña</a>, Teruel) exhibe un cartel informativo-turístico en la <b>Casa de la Encomienda</b> de la localidad, así como en la <a href="http://www.lafresneda.gob.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">web del Ayuntamiento</a>, en el que se refiere a <b>Alfonso II</b> como “<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/reyes-de-aragon-reyes-de-cataluna.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">I de Cataluña</a>”.<br />La razón detrás de este seudónimo, según se puede leer en el texto publicado por el consistorio, se encuentra en la cesión de la villa a la <b>Orden Calatrava</b> en el año 1179, cuyo patronato se extendió “durante más de seiscientos años”, reflejado en el ʻPueblo españolʼ de Barcelona “con motivo de la Exposición Universal de 1929, al igual que el Ayuntamiento de la villa”. Desde <a href="https://nohablamoscatalan.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">NHC</a> han denunciado que la identificación del <b>rey Alfonso II</b> como <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/09/reyes-de-aragon-reyes-de-cataluna.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rey de Cataluña</a> “se insiste en la propia web del Ayuntamiento”, algo que la asociación ya ha pedido que se retire al nuevo <a href="http://servicios.aragon.es/organigrama_publico/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gobierno autonómico</a>. Por ello, NHC ha pedido al <a href="http://www.partidoaragones.es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Partido Aragonés</a> “corregir y rectificar los cuatro años de <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Arturo+Quintana" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">política catalanista</a></b> de <a href="https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/aragon/lamban-confia-izquierda-estara-a-altura-dara-dga_1371522.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lambán</a>”, (alias <b>bambán</b>) así como “<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=lengua+aragones" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">defender el aragonés</a>” ya que es “alarmante que las <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=manipulaci%C3%B3n" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">manipulaciones históricas</a> y <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Sorolla+Vidal" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lingüísticas</a> se den en <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Aragón</a></b>”. En caso contrario, NHC ha anunciado la necesidad de que “surgiera un nuevo partido aragonesista”.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_II_de_Arag%C3%B3n</a> (wikitrolas)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">[...] los patronímicos de los sucesores de Ramón Berenguer portaban ya los epónimos de <b>la casa de los Aragón</b>: <u>Alfonso </u>y <b>Pedro</b>, nombres que se iban a utilizar en sucesivas generaciones. [...] Pocos días después del repentino fallecimiento de su padre, <b>Alfonso II</b>, apenas un niño de cinco años de edad, se encuentra en <b>Zaragoza </b>rodeado de las más altas dignidades eclesiásticas (<a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=arzobispo+Tarragona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arzobispo de Tarragona</a>, y obispos de Barcelona y de Zaragoza), y civiles, como el <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=conde+Pallars" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">conde de Pallars</a> y los más destacados <b>magnates aragoneses y catalanes</b> (el <b>senescal </b><a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Guillem+Moncada" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo Ramón de Moncada</a>, el <b>mayordomo real</b> <u>Blasco Romeo</u>, y los nobles <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Guillem+Cervera" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guillermo de Cervera</a>, Ponce de <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Mataplana" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mataplana </a>y Guillermo de Castelvell), que estarían gestando, sin duda, el consejo de regencia del monarca y su tutoría. En Zaragoza lo vemos confirmando los <b>fueros </b>de la ciudad, y un documento, de agosto de 1162, suscrito por todos aquellos nobles y eclesiásticos, lo intitula ya como «<b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Martino+Rex" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Dei gratia rex Aragonensi</a></b>», recordando a su padre «<b>conde de Barcelona</b> y <b>príncipe de Aragón</b>», pero también a sus antecesores por línea materna, los <b>reyes de Aragón</b>, «el <b>rey Alfonso</b>, mi tío, el rey <b>Ramiro</b>, mi abuelo», aunque jurídicamente no podía obtener el pleno dominio del reino hasta la renuncia de su madre <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Petronila" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Petronila</a></b>. [...]<br />Alfonso II viajará sucesivamente por las ciudades del <b>reino </b>(Zaragoza, <a href="https://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Calatayud" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Calatayud</a>, <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Tarazona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tarazona</a>, <a href="http://alcaniz-nicolas-sancho-moreno.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alcañiz</a>, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=osca+presentz" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Huesca</a> y <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=fuero+Jaca" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Jaca</a>), con la finalidad de que le reconozcan y juren como nuevo <b>rey de Aragón</b>.<br />En enero de 1163 la cancillería le denomina, además de <b>rey de Aragón</b>, como <b>marqués de <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=L%C3%A9rida" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lérida</a> y <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Tortosa" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tortosa</a></b>, y en febrero está celebrando su primera <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=curia" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">curia </a></b>o </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=cort" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cort</a></b></i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b> </b>en <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Barchinona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barcelona</a>, <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Barchinona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Barchinona</a>, donde fue jurado como <b>conde de Barcelona</b> el 24 de febrero de 1163. La solución jurídica al problema sucesorio se alcanzó cuando el 18 de junio de 1164 la <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Petronila" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">reina Petronila</a></b>, a la vez que confirmaba las disposiciones testamentarias de su fallecido esposo, renunciaba a sus derechos sobre el reino [...]</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaume_Sobrequ%C3%A9s_i_Callic%C3%B3" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sobrequés i Callicó</a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaume_Sobrequ%C3%A9s_i_Callic%C3%B3" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">, Jaume</a> (2001). </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=reyes+Catalu%C3%B1a" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Els reis catalans</a></b> enterrats a <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Poblet" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Poblet</a></i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">. Publicaciones de la Abadía de Poblet. p. 17. </span><small style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">ISBN <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">8430090282</a></small><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Sobrequés i Callicó, Jaume" border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="800" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ_Oha_P8xy2jNOSNJVVFkqNp-o7SPLTBxw4addl8OpcQlfiN4SjHby4A9o_Y8wt3P2TNG1JG2j-h4Xfss_KwUJ5M4ric1cT8DisjPJCUS8UxNMPxNnSIKqA59Xpmjy9qOw8lHkE_ujwkw/s400/Jaume_Sobrequ%25C3%25A9s-historiador-catalaniste.jpg" title="Sobrequés i Callicó, Jaume" width="400" /></span></div>
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<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaume_Sobrequ%C3%A9s_i_Callic%C3%B3" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaume_Sobrequ%C3%A9s_i_Callic%C3%B3</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Jaume Sobrequés i Callicó</b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> (</span><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Gerona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gerona</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">, </span>26 de juliol<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> de </span>1943<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">) és un <b>historiador </b>i polític català, fill del també historiador </span><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Sobrequ%C3%A9s_i_Vidal" rel="nofollow" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Santiago Sobrequés i Vidal">Santiago Sobrequés i Vidal</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">. Com parlamentari fou membre de la </span><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comissi%C3%B3_dels_Vint" rel="nofollow" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Comissió dels Vint">Comissió dels Vint</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> que redactà l'avantprojecte d'</span><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalunya_de_1979" rel="nofollow" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya de 1979">Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> de 1979.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">El 1965 es llicencià en història a la <a href="https://www.ub.edu/web/ub/ca/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Universitat de Barcelona</a>, i des del 1966 hi va ser <b>professor </b>d'<b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Ubieto+Arteta" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">història medieval</a></b>. Més tard guanyà la plaça de <b>catedràtic </b>d'història de <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Castelongne" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Catalunya</a> a la <a href="https://www.uab.cat/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona</a>. El 1969 fou nomenat conservador de l'<a href="http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/arxiumunicipal/arxiuhistoric/ca" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Institut Municipal d'Història de Barcelona</a>, i un cop arribada la democràcia, director i coordinador del pla de museus de l'<a href="https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ajuntament de Barcelona</a> (1981-1987).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Preocupat per la divulgació de la <b>història de Catalunya</b>, amb aquesta finalitat va fundar les editorials <b>Base </b>(1973) i <b><a href="https://www.todostuslibros.com/editorial/editorial-undarius" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Undarius </a></b>(1976), per tal d'editar <b><a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=parlamento+Barchinona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">facsímils d'obres històriques catalanes</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A les eleccions generals espanyoles de 1977 fou escollit senador per la <a href="http://historia-aragon.blogspot.com/search?q=Gerona" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">província de Gerona</a> per l'<a href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0024183.xml" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Entesa dels Catalans</a>, coalició amb la qual va repetir a les eleccions generals espanyoles de 1979. Això li va permetre ser membre de la Comissió dels Vint que al parador de Sau, Masies de Roda redactà l'avantprojecte de l'<a href="https://www.parlament.cat/document/cataleg/48089.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya</a> de 1979. El 1982 ingressà al <a href="http://www.socialistes.cat/es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya</a>, amb el qual fou elegit diputat a les eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya de 1988 i de 1992.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Del 1993 al 2000 fou membre de la junta directiva del <a href="https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fútbol Club Barcelona</a>. També és membre de la junta directiva de l'<a href="http://www.gloobal.net/iepala/gloobal/fichas/ficha.php?id=1615&entidad=Agentes&html=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Institut Català de Cooperació Iberoamericana</a>. El 2000 va substituir Josep Maria Solé i Sabaté com a director del Museu d'Història de Catalunya, càrrec que va ocupar fins al 2008, quan fou substituït per Agustí Alcoberro i Pericay. Entre gener i novembre de 2009 fou rector de la Universitat Catalana d'Estiu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">El 2008 va rebre la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Arturo+Quintana" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Creu de Sant Jordi</a>. Actualment és president de la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=IEC" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Societat Catalana d'Estudis Històrics</a>, filial de l'<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=IEC" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Institut d'Estudis Catalans</a>. Ha estat president de l'Equip Rector de la <a href="http://www.uce.cat/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Universitat Catalana d'Estiu</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Després d'haver donat suport a les consultes sobiranistes, a principis de setembre de 2010 es donà de baixa del <a href="https://www.20minutos.es/minuteca/psc/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PSC</a>, justificant aquest decisió per l'estancament de la via autonomista i la necessitat d'iniciar un <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=independencia" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">procés cap a la independència</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">El dia 19 de setembre de 2010, dóna suport a <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Artur+Mas" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Artur Mas</a></b> com a candidat a les eleccions del mes de novembre. El 2012, fou nomenat director del <a href="http://www.mhcat.cat/recerca/biblioteca_chcc_publicacions/centre_d_historia_contemporania_de_catalunya" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Centre d'Història Contemporània de Catalunya</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Actualment, és tertulià del <a href="https://beteve.cat/la-porteria/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">programa esportiu La porteria</a>, de <a href="https://beteve.cat/la-porteria/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BTV</a>.</span></div>
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Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44596 La Fresneda, Teruel, España40.9277346 0.07526069999994433640.921736100000004 0.065175699999944339 40.9337331 0.085345699999944333tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-47476330537222033532018-11-26T05:12:00.001-08:002019-06-30T12:13:47.764-07:00Pajaritos, Salvador Benítez Griñó<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Muixonets = pajaritos en castellá.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Pajaritos </b>ere <b>Salvador Benítez</b>, de <b>Valderrobres</b>.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="Pajaritos ere Salvador Benítez, de Valderrobres." border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="194" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ukT0AQJLMopLJ5C9tpexfNrOdh5HPVV7wx3Sc-CzYhJsrDSD4Umy-jsYPAPHPdvm248wZmC3hoclMiauvMh8dOGJZppO5_VNECS_rbkdRQCqT28gNnDZ3v8AFLhOEJhC9ejZXsxbim0/s400/salvador-ben%25C3%25ADtez-pajaritos-valderrobres.jpg" title="Pajaritos ere Salvador Benítez, de Valderrobres." width="366" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/04/03/obituarios/1080998652.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/04/03/obituarios/1080998652.html</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="docepix">TERUEL.- </span><span class="trecepixnegro" style="line-height: 16px;"><b>Salvador Benítez Griñó</b>, '<b>lo lloco del Matarraña</b>', va morí lo 2 de abril de <b>2004 a</b> la seua ressidénsia de <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ret" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Céret</a>, <a href="http://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ocsitánia</a>, al Midi fransés, als 86 añs de una parada de cor. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span class="trecepixnegro" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 16px;">'Lo loco del Matarraña' ha sigut un personaje mol conegut per vestí <b>trajes de levita plens de botóns</b> que acompañabe en un <b>sombrero </b>y un paraigües.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Estabe presén a consevol tipo de acontessimén a España, com lo <b>sorteo de <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/2017/12/el-gordo-cae-en-beceite.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lotería de Nadal</a></b>, y a datres puestos de Europa, cridán la atensió per la seua indumentaria.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Naixcut a <b>Valderrobres </b>(Teruel) al 1918, cuan estabe a pun de acabás la <b>Guerra Sivil</b> se va exiliá a <b>Fransa </b>fugín de la <b>represió del ejérsit franquista</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Al país <b>galo</b>, se va incorporá a la <b>Ressisténsia </b>que va luchá contra la <b>ocupassió alemana</b> hasta que va sé fet <b>prissionero </b>y lo van enviá durán algo mes de un añ al <b>cam de consentrassió de <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_de_concentraci%C3%B3n_de_Mauthausen-Gusen" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mauthausen</a></b> aon va sé liberat per la victoria aliada.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="campo de concentración de Mauthausen" border="0" data-original-height="563" data-original-width="800" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_XrNf3-l-DgKy5GAhIRMgPTGsiKZ7UULRJc-rhf1FNb6U558L7HWpZbgWHLtK29Ac1Xbrk5vWmUEt_6A7IKsW9U1wFHaWM5YGQKe0i6Vzru2hL8efa_J6Ao9nuws6FQ-2vg25oShlYcQ/s400/Mauthausen.jpg" title="campo de concentración de Mauthausen" width="400" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Secueles tras passá per un <b>cam de consentrassió</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Después va viure a <b>París </b>y va treballá de <b>pintó de coches</b> a un taller hasta la seua jubilassió, antissipada per les secueles que li va dixá la <b>guerra </b>y lo seu <b>internamén al cam de consentrassió</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Va torná per primera vegada a <b><a href="http://casaferras.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Valderrobres</a> </b>en una visita fugás un parell de añs abáns de la <b><a href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/cultura/2017-11-19/franco-muerte-20n-antonio-piga_1478612/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">mort de Francisco Franco</a></b> y, en la arribada de la democrássia, va viachá en frecuénsia a España aon se va fé famós per los seus <b>trajes de botóns,</b> lo seu <b>paraigües y lo sombrero</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Presén als <b>sorteos de Nadal</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://www.abc.es/madrid/20141122/abci-loco-matarrana-loteria-navidad-201411201359.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="El último viaje del «loco de Matarraña»" border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="644" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpcFcQ9LFvKhamcrNJwZzjTFRBUvoR_nU3vq78OsvbjnrNlRTrDfj5XYxmZ4JeWmhlV5zSA13t-Uz4Zvf7d0CGmESWQRQTP0dYFZlyrl91xPUhLDyQHqDWtTbkkNegdkmrJEwnQTNG0tM/s400/loco-teruel-loteria-navidad--644x362.jpg" title="El último viaje del «loco de Matarraña»" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br />En lo seu particulá atuendo, va partissipá a les festes del seu poble y tamé se va fé notá als sorteos de Nadal, aixina com los 31 de desembre, a la selebrassió del cap d´añ a<b> </b>la <a href="https://www.disfrutamadrid.com/puerta-del-sol" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Porta del Sol de Madrid</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/D1myQu_wJLY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/D1myQu_wJLY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Fotógrafos y cámares de televisió lo van captá als puestos mes insólits, sempre en lo <b>seu traje y lo seu paraigües</b>, ya que viachabe assobín an aquells puestos aon se selebráe algún evén que consentrare a una caterva de persones.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">La <b>radera vegada que va vindre a Valderrobres</b> va sé al mes de agost de 2003 cuan lo seu estat de salut ere mol delicadet y teníe prohibit conduí per prescripsió médica, per lo que aprofitabe los viaches que fáen datres persones.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Va enviudá dos vegáes y actualmen estabe casat en la seua tersera mullé. No va tíndre fills.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br />Per expresa voluntat, lo seu cos va sé insinerat y les <b>seues sendres van sé escampades al riu Matarraña desde lo pon de pedra de Valderrobres</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">//</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.abc.es/madrid/20141122/abci-loco-matarrana-loteria-navidad-201411201359.html" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">https://www.abc.es/madrid/20141122/abci-loco-matarrana-loteria-navidad-201411201359.html</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jamás fallaba. Acudía desde su domicilio de Céret, en el sur de Francia. Siempre puntual a la cita cada 22 de diciembre en el Salón Nacional de <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/2017/12/el-gordo-cae-en-beceite.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Loterías</a>. Y en la Puerta del Sol, para dar la bienvenida al Año Nuevo. Así, durante 24 años consecutivos. Sus trajes le habían hecho famoso en toda España. Nunca repetía modelo. Tenía un amplio repertorio de <b>levitas plagadas de botones</b> de todos los tamaños, colores y formas que se decoraba él mismo, junto a su inseparable <b>paraguas </b>y <b>chistera</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Su atuendo provocó uno de sus apelativos más célebres: «<b>El señor de los botones</b>», aunque a él le gustaba más otro: «<b>El loco de <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matarraña</a></b>», porque le recordaba a su origen, la <b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">comarca turolense</a></b> que le vio nacer –Teruel también existe–. Salvador Benítez Griñó, de 86 años, abrió los ojos en Valderrobres en 1918.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jamás le tocó el «<a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/2017/12/el-gordo-cae-en-beceite.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">gordo</a>», aunque era un hombre afortunado. Los hados estaban de su parte. <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Puigdemont" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Huyó de España</a>, rumbo al <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Francia" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">país galo</a>, cuando la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Companys" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Guerra Civil</a> daba sus últimos estertores. Allí estuvo a buen recaudo de la <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Franco" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">represión franquista</a> hasta que le sorprendió la <a href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/es/article/world-war-ii-in-europe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>. Luchó en la <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXOF7LXKnBk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Resistencia</a> hasta que <a href="http://siloscojones.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">los alemanes</a> le hicieron prisionero.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Estuvo recluido en el <b>campo de concentración</b> de <b><a href="https://www.mauthausen-memorial.org/es" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mauthausen</a> </b>(Austria) hasta que los aliados ganaron la contienda y le liberaron. De vuelta a París trabajó en un taller mecánico como pintor de coches por poco tiempo. Las secuelas de las innumerables penurias vividas durante los más de doce meses en los que estuvo prisionero precipitaron su jubilación. En la década de los 70, cuando <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=Franco" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">régimen de Franco</a> agonizaba, regresó a su tierra por primera vez. Y ya, con la democracia, tomó por costumbre llegar cada <b>Navidad</b>, como el <b><a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/search?q=turr%C3%B3n" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">turrón</a></b>, para asistir, en «vivo y en directo», al sorteo más esperado del año. «Me hace ilusión y pienso seguir así hasta que el cuerpo aguante», decía. Y, vive Dios, que cumplió sus palabras. En 2001 vaticinó: «Esta será la última vez, me faltan las fuerzas». Y acertó.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Al año siguiente, la ausencia de este «histórico» se hizo notar. «Algo grave le tiene que haber pasado», decían los habituales como él. Otros directamente le daban por muerto, circunstancia que fue dando paso a la certeza cuando en 2003 tampoco llegó. Sin embargo, murió el 3 de abril de 2004, a los 86 años, en su casa del <a href="https://blog-francia.com/todo-francia/midi-pirineos" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Midi francés</a>. Su último viaje lo hizo después a Valderrobres, donde <b>su familia esparció sus cenizas en el <a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">río Matarraña</a></b>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">El sorteo de Navidad ya no será el mismo sin este entrañable «loco».</span></div>
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Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44580 Valderrobres, Teruel, España40.8733331 0.1535949000000300740.861326100000007 0.13342490000003007 40.8853401 0.17376490000003006tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-75718661291112837342018-11-25T12:52:00.000-08:002019-06-30T12:23:16.625-07:00La Torre del Marqués busca gente con experiencia internacional para trabajar<h1 class="entry-title" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 10px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">La </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Torre del Marqués</span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> busca gente con experiencia internacional para trabajar</span></span></h1>
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<a href="https://www.lacomarca.net/la-torre-del-marques-busca-gente-con-experiencia-internacional-para-trabajar/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">https://www.lacomarca.net/la-torre-del-marques-busca-gente-con-experiencia-internacional-para-trabajar/</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img alt="La Torre del Marqués busca gente con experiencia internacional para trabajar" border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1080" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghfFaEAR-5-KHax2h0awP0_tlWcVhHEZSXHjBKQj9zJx1ovEZ5H-LcztT3p_FlDKc-4UBufIad36oge_zDAWGJ2jI1ime1A_lCZtamLyymEUfvTQb7ONJGfIrKKIoUQ_ZP4vmNmG9wCL3O/s400/torre-marques.jpg" title="La Torre del Marqués busca gente con experiencia internacional para trabajar" width="400" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Se demanda personal cualificado, con <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">dominio de idiomas</a> y que «ame» el </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Matarraña </span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">para abrir en septiembre de 2019.</span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Avanza la futura puesta en marcha del hotel de cinco estrellas La Torre del Marqués de <b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Monroyo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monroyo</a></b>. El grupo de empresarios de todo el país que se encuentra detrás de las obras de <span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">rehabilitación</span> de la masía y puesta en marcha como hotel de lujo busca ahora personal cualificado para poder abrir sus puertas en septiembre de 2019.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Fuentes de la dirección del futuro establecimiento que incluirá un hotel y un restaurante confirmaron «estar trabajando» en la búsqueda de personal que tenga <span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://siloscojones.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">experiencia internacional</a> </span>así como dominio de varios idiomas y trayectoria laboral en hoteles de lujo por todo el mundo.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Las mismas fuentes explicaron que priorizarán a personas del Matarraña, que tengan algún vínculo familiar o emocional con el territorio o simplemente q<span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">ue hayan decidido que el <a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matarraña</a> es su lugar para vivir</span>. Además del mercado nacional, el establecimiento estará proyectado principalmente a clientes europeos y americanos.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">El hotel tendrá <span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">18 habitaciones</span> y estará enfocado a un turista de alto standing y gran poder adquisitivo, haciendo hincapié en la tranquilidad y confidencialidad que suelen caracterizar a este tipo de alojamientos. Otro de los nichos de clientela a los que irá enfocado el establecimiento será a congresos, y reuniones de empresas a nivel nacional e internacional. De igual modo, fuentes cercanas a los empresarios promotores del proyecto, explicaron que, dada la privilegiada situación y marco natural, la intención es ofrecer el complejo para campañas publicitarias o eventos comerciales, especialmente referentes al mundo de la automoción. Desde la ubicación del futuro hotel se divisa buena parte del sector central del <b>valle del Tastavins</b> y el sector más occidental de los <b><a href="http://beceite.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Puertos de Beceite</a></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Concepto sostenible y ecológico</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La histórica masía está ubicada en el término municipal de <span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">Monroyo</span> aunque se encuentra muy próxima a las localidades de <span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2018/11/torre-del-visco-fuentespalda.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fuentespalda</a> y <a href="https://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/2017/02/rafales.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ráfales</a></span> y al río <b><a href="http://botellicas.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tastavins</a></b>. Su imponente silueta es visible desde la carretera <b>A-1414</b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Las obras de restauración y reconstrucción del edificio, del <b>siglo XVIII</b> y hasta el momento abandonado después de un fallido proyecto, comenzaron en julio y estarán listas el próximo verano después de <span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">una inversión de más de 5 millones de euros.</span> Detrás del proyecto, dirigido por la <a href="http://edraculturaynatura.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">arquitecta <b>Ángeles Castellarnau</b></a>, se encuentra un grupo de empresarios madrileños y del resto del país. Buena parte de los materiales que se están empleando en los trabajos son de los denominados de kilómetro 0 / <i>home, hasta <a href="https://www.bigmat.es/almacenes-de-construccion/teruel/valderrobres/bigmat_bricas/ctra__de_calaceite_a_monroyo__km__23" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Bricas</a>, <a href="https://www.paginasamarillas.es/f/valderrobres/materiales-de-construccion-belmonte-s-l-_019042498_000000001.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Belmonte</a>, <a href="http://marti-marti.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Martí Martí</a> ña algo mes que 0 km</i> / y biosostenibles minimizando el impacto de dióxido de carbono. Tierra de la propia finca y materiales tradicionales como tapial se están empleando ya para construir parte de los muros y distintas estructuras del edificio que será ecosostenible y energéticamente autosuficiente.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Para ello se utilizarán calderas de astilla, procedente de los pinares del entorno, se instalarán paneles solares y se aprovecharán elementos de climatización activa para que el edificio apenas requiera energía exterior para su climatización. Las instalaciones contarán con un</span><span style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b> </b>espacio de invierno y otro de verano</span><span style="color: #222222;"> e incluirán spa y una piscina.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="color: #222222;">El restaurante será otro de los puntos fuertes del hotel. El establecimiento estará abierto al público en general y no solo a los huéspedes. La intención es ofrecer <b>alta cocina</b>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Recuperar el <a href="http://sensals.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cultivo de la vi</a></span><b style="color: #222222;"><a href="http://sensals.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ña</a></b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">El proyecto de rehabilitación contempla la elaboración de <b><a href="http://sensals.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">vino de calidad</a></b> con los <b><a href="http://sensals.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">viñedos </a></b>existentes en la finca. De este modo la intención es impulsar el histórico cultivo de <b><a href="http://sensals.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">uva</a> </b>que desde hace siglos da nombre al río <b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Tastavins" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tastavins</a></b>, que traducido del <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chapurriau</a> significa <b><a href="http://pueblosdelmatarrana.blogspot.com/search?q=Tastavins" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">cata vinos</a></b>.</span></div>
<div style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">La finca de <b>La Torre del Marqués</b> fue proyectada en 2006 por un gran grupo empresarial como un centro de carreras y eventos hípicos que llegaron a televisarse y en el que llegó a participar el jinete <b><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayetano_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Irujo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Cayetano de Alba</a></b>. Sin embargo la inviabilidad económica llevó a interrumpir el proyecto y la finca tuvo que ser subastada.</span></div>
Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.com44652 Monroyo, Teruel, España40.8100167 0.03719709999995757220.1131742 -41.271396900000042 61.506859199999994 41.345791099999957tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7384206450828059636.post-11421844225968789852018-11-23T14:29:00.003-08:002019-06-30T12:27:36.974-07:00instituto, Valderrobres, lenguas de España<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img alt="institut de Valderrobres, catalá, ESO, mentires" border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="1440" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4o4hy0GGoajI9CgZoCpU553nSHLTSb8dMe4mVJ-vjOPzfbesfKS3SFLEsD5XqEePMtrYkGkzdVIka9adjzxhOojm_GwNiBc8jYmcpSBBV36GmAO6a5mNJkNkHGMt5nOSzNVSXSoCbCLY/s640/46513861_10217058185343006_7157904714972004352_o.jpg" title="institut de Valderrobres, catalá, ESO, mentires" width="640" /></span></div>
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<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">2° ESO al <b><a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/08/ignacio-belanche-instituto-valderrobres-catalan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">institut de Valderrobres</a></b>. No hace falta que den <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/08/ignacio-belanche-instituto-valderrobres-catalan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">clases en catalán</a> cuando en castellano les enseñan esto. Se nota que el director, <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/08/ignacio-belanche-instituto-valderrobres-catalan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Iñaki (Ignacio) Belanche es de la CHA</a>, amigos de los <b><a href="http://ascuma.org/wordpress/tag/catalanistes-de-merda" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">catalanistas</a></b>. <a href="https://chapurriau.blogspot.com/2017/08/ignacio-belanche-instituto-valderrobres-catalan.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">La culpa fue del cha cha cha</a>.</span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://www.iesvalderrobres.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/LIBROS-DE-TEXTO-CURSO17-18-1.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.iesvalderrobres.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/LIBROS-DE-TEXTO-CURSO17-18-1.pdf</a></span></span><br />
<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Supongo que será en este libro :</span><br />
<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span data-offset-key="2a4uj-0-0" style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Lengua castellana y
literatura
Lengua Castellana y
Literatura 2º ESO
McGrawhill <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9788448608712</a></span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="9j51q" data-offset-key="7iv5b-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="7iv5b-0-0" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="7iv5b-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br data-text="true" /></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="9j51q" data-offset-key="64mii-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<div class="_1mf _1mj" data-offset-key="64mii-0-0" style="direction: ltr; position: relative;">
<span data-offset-key="64mii-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Hostia, <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=pap%C3%A9" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">lo papé tamé es catalá</a>, igual <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Amon Ra</a> ere catalá y no u sabíe, JA JA JA !! </span></span><br />
<span data-offset-key="64mii-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span data-offset-key="64mii-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">La palabra <b>papiro </b>proviene del término griego <b>πάπυρος </b>papiros, que en latín es <b>papyrus </b>(el plural es <b>papyri</b>), utilizado por los egipcios antiguamente. Está tomada del antiguo término egipcio, que significa 'flor del rey', pues su elaboración era monopolio real. También es el origen de la palabra <b>papel</b>.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
<span data-offset-key="64mii-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://raimundolulio.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Raimundo Lulio</a>, <a href="http://raimundolulio.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramón Llull</a>, mallorquí.
<a href="https://www.escritores.org/biografias/345-joanot-martorell" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Joanot Martorell</a>, <a href="https://elpais.com/cultura/2018/03/01/actualidad/1519929599_915912.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ausiàs MarCH</a>, valensiá.</span></span></span><br />
<span data-offset-key="64mii-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
Poesía trovadoresca: <a href="http://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ocsitá, en concret, provensal</a>.</span></span></div>
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<div class="" data-block="true" data-editor="9j51q" data-offset-key="af5tn-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<span data-offset-key="af5tn-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Chuleta</b>: <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=chulla" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chulla</a></b>, <b><a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=chulles" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chulles </a></b>: prové del valensiá <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=chulla" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">chulleta </a>que es un diminutiu de CHULLA (<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=tossino" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tossino </a>o tros de carn de <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=gorrino" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">gorrino</a>). La paraula prové del latín axunguia (grassa de gorrino, greix fet aná per a untá los ejes, axis (eje) y la arraíl del verbo unguere (untá).</span></span></div>
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<span data-offset-key="1h4aa-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br data-text="true" /></span></span></div>
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<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Faena </b>: La palabra "<a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=faena" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Faena</a>" proviene del latín "<b>facienda</b>", que significa "cosas que hay que hacer". ... Aunque en última instancia derive del latín facienda, el DRAE le reconoce <a href="http://langueoccitane.blogspot.com/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">intermedio catalán</a>, antiguo faena, moderno <a href="http://chapurriau.blogspot.com/search?q=faena" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">feina</a>, "quehacer", "cosa que se ha de hacer".</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.elmundo.es/baleares/2018/11/27/5bfc64d922601d4d718b456e.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.elmundo.es/baleares/2018/11/27/5bfc64d922601d4d718b456e.html</a></span></span><br />
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Otros libros de 1 y 2 de ESO :
LIBROS DE TEXTO 1º ESO
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Música Música-ClaveA (libro de
texto)
Música-ClaveA (libro de
trabajo)
McGraw-Hill <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-481-9581-6</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-481-9583-0</a>
Geografía e historia Geografía e historia. Serie
Descubre. Proyecto Saber
Hacer
Proyecto “Los caminos del
saber”
Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-680-1948-2</a>
Biología y Geología INICIA DUAL. Serie
Nácar(2 volúmenes)
Oxford Educación. <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9788467379235</a>
Matemáticas Matemáticas ESO 1.
Volúmenes 1, 2 y 3
Bruño <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-696-0966 8</a>
Lengua castellana y
literatura
Lengua castellana y
literatura
McGraw-Hill <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-481-9632-5</a>
Inglés MOSAIC1 SB (Student´s Book)
Workbook
Oxford
Oxford
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-01-946-6610-7</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-01-946-6611-4</a>
Francés <b>Livre de l'élève</b>:
Cahier d'exercices
PARACHUTE 1
(Santillana)
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-8496597976</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-96597990</a>
Religión Religión (este libro es para
1º y 2º ESO)
SM. Proyecto Ágora <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-675-8236-9</a>
<b>Catalán: </b>
No llevan libro.
* Los libros de las <b>asignaturas optativas</b> no se comprarán hasta que no se sepa si se cursarán
LIBROS DE TEXTO PAI (Por determinar)
LIBROS DE TEXTO 2º ESO
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Geografía e historia Geografía e historia Aragón.
(3 volúmenes)
Proyecto “Los caminos del
saber”(año 2016)
Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-14101650</a>
Física y Química Inicia dual Fisica y Quimica
2º eso libro del
alumno pack diodo
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-0190502454</a>
Matemáticas Matemáticas ESO 2.
Volúmenes 1, 2 y 3
Bruño <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-696-1336-8</a>
Lengua castellana y
literatura
Lengua Castellana y
Literatura 2º ESO
McGrawhill <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 8448608712</a>
Inglés MOSAIC 2 SB
MOSAIC 2 WB
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 0194666244</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 01 946 6625 1</a>
Francés Livre de l´élève:
Cahier d´exercices
PARACHUTE 2
(Santillana)
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 8490490891</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 8490490952</a>
Catalán No llevan libro
Religión El de 1º ESO
* Los libros de las asignaturas optativas no se comprarán hasta que no se sepa si se cursarán
LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 1º PMAR (Por determinar)
LIBROS DE TEXTO 3º ESO
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Geografía e historia Proyecto inicia Dual Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 673 8576 2</a>
Física y Química Física y Química Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 0190 514020</a>
Matemáticas
Académicas
volúmenes 1,2 y 3
Matemáticas ESO 3 Bruño <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 696 0968 2</a>
Matemáticas Aplicadas
volúmenes 1,2 y 3
Matemáticas ESO 3 Bruño <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 696 0923 1</a>
Lengua castellana y
literatura
Por determinar
Inglés MOSAIC 3 SB REV ED
MOSAIC 3 WB REV ED
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 0194 6520 63</a>
978 0194 652179
Francés Livre de l´élève:
Cahier d´exercices
PARACHUTE 3
(Santillana)
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 90490167</a>
97884 9049 0174</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
Catalán:
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Curs de LLengua Catalana nivell B</a> (sirve para 3º y 4º ESO)
Castellnou <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 8482 876177</a>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Religión Proyecto Ágora (este libro es para 3º y 4º ESO)
SM <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 6758237 6</a>
Cultura Clásica Por determinar.
Iniciación Actividad Emprendedora y Empresarial
Por determinar.
Biología y Geología Inicia Dual serie Nácar 3
volúmenes.
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-8467379327</a></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
LIBROS DE TEXTO 2º PMAR (Por determinar)
LIBROS DE TEXTO 4º ESO
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Geografía e historia Historia, serie Descubre,
Proyecto Saber hacer
Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 8414 101766</a>
Física y Química Inicia Dual Física y Química
4ºESO Libro del
alumno(pack)
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 0190 502546</a>
Matemáticas
Académicas
volúmenes 1,2 y3
Matemáticas Académicas 3
ESO (3 volúmenes)
Bruño <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 67385588</a>
Matemáticas Aplicadas
volúmenes 1,2 y3
Matemáticas Aplicadas 3
ESO (3 volúmenes)
Bruño <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 696 13399</a>
Lengua castellana y
Literatura
Por determinar
Inglés MOSAIC 4 SB
MOSAIC 4 WB digital:
¡¡esperar al inicio de curso!!
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 0194666473</a>
Francés Livre de l´élève:
Cahier d´exercices
PARACHUTE 4
(Santillana)
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 9049 1874</a>
978 84 9049 2154
Catalán El mismo que 3º ESO
Religión El mismo que 4º ESO
Cultura Clásica Cultura Clásica Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 680 4017 2</a>
Iniciación Actividad
Emprendedora y
Empresarial
Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 6801 8775</a>
Economía Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 680 2835 4</a>
Biología y Geología Inicia Dual Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-0190502638</a>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>LIBROS DE TEXTO 1º BACHILLERATO</b>
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Geografía e historia Historia del Mundo
Contemporáneo
<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaume_Vicens_Vives" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Vicens Vives</a> <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">987 8468238968</a>
Física y Química Física y Química Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 67393842</a>
Matemáticas BCN Inicia Dual Matemáticas I 1º
bachillerato
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 673 9441 2</a>
Matemáticas BCS Inicia Dual Matemáticas
Aplicadas a las Ciencias
Sociales 1º Bachillerato
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 673 9443 6</a>
Lengua castellana y
Literatura
Por determinar
Inglés
Living English for
Bachillerato I (Student´s
Book)
Living English for
Bachillerato I (workbook an
vocabulary Buidler)
Burlington
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 48 987 9</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 48 988 6</a>
Francés
Metro Saint-Michel. Livre
de l´élève.
Metro Saint-Michel . Cahier
d´exercices
Santillana
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 96597 52 5</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 96597 53 2</a>
Latín I Por determinar
Griego I Por determinar
Economía Economía 1º Bachillerato Edebé <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 236 9964 3</a>
Filosofía Filosofía (serie reflexiona) Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 68017174</a>
Biología y Geología Biología y Geología Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-8468013275</a>
(NO sirve edición vieja</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
<b>LIBROS DE TEXTO 2º BACHILLERATO</b>
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Geografía e Historia
Historia de España. Aragón
Vicens Vives <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9788431695866</a>
Física
FISICA
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9780190502584</a>
Química QUÍMICA Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978-84-1410-2039</a>
Biología y Geología Biología Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9780190502683</a>
Biología y Geología Ciencias de la Tierra y del
Medio Ambiente
Mc Graw Hill <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9788448609399</a>
Matemáticas II
BCN
Inicia Dual Matemáticas II
2º Bachillerato
Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 01 905 0276 8</a>
Lengua Castellana y
Literatura
Por determinar
Inglés
Living English for
Bachillerato I (Student´s
Book)
Living English for
Bachillerato I (workbook an
vocabulary Builder)
Burlington
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 48 997 8</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 48 998 5</a>
Fundamentos de
Administración y Gestión
Será entregado por el
profesor
Latín II y Griego II Por determinar</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 1º CFGM COCINA Y GASTRONOMÍA
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Formación y
Orientación Laboral Formación y
Orientación Laboral
Paraninfo edición <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 283 3981 0</a>
Francés Au service du client Paraninfo <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84 2833 9681</a>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 2º CFGM COCINA Y GASTRONOMÍA
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Empresa e iniciativa
emprendedora
Paraninfo <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84283 3819 6</a>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 1º CFGM SERVICIOS EN RESTAURACIÓN
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Formación y
Orientación Laboral
Formación y
Orientación Laboral
Paraninfo <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84283 39810</a>
Inglés Restaurants and
catering Student´s book
Restaurants and
catering workbook
Burlington <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 510597</a>
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 510603</a></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 2º CFGM SERVICIOS EN RESTAURACIÓN
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Empresa e iniciativa
empresarial
Paraninfo <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 84283 38196</a>
Inglés
Valen para 1º y 2º curso
Restaurants and
catering Student´s book
Burlington <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 510597</a>
Restaurants and
catering workbook
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">978 9963 510603</a></span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 1º CFPB COCINA Y GASTRONOMÍA
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Inglés Highly Recommended.
Student’s book Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9780194574631</a>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">LIBROS DE TEXTO PARA 2º CFPB COCINA Y GASTRONOMÍA
CURSO 2017-18
IES MATARRAÑA- VALDERROBRES
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">AREA/MATERIA TITULO EDITORIAL ISBN
Inglés Highly Recommended.
Student’s book Oxford <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9780194574631</a>
Ciencias Aplicadas II Matemáticas Santillana
<a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9788468011899</a>
Ciencias Aplicadas II Ciencias Santillana <a href="http://ramonguimera.com/isbn/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">9788468018607</a>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color: #1d2129; white-space: pre-wrap;">
<span data-offset-key="d95rp-0-0"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Ramón Guimerá Lorentehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00535648385336234321noreply@blogger.comCalle Gutiérrez Mellado, s/n, 44580 Valderrobres, Teruel, España40.8728973 0.1492081999999754820.176103299999998 -41.159385800000024 61.5696913 41.457802199999975